BBC News: 非洲多國(guó)陷入混戰(zhàn)的前因后果

It paved the way for the three decades-long rule of President Mobutu. They didn't come any greedier in Africa. It's estimated he stole around half of the 12 billion dollars his country received in aid. The West helped to keep him in power. A people and a country finally breaking under the strain of 26 years of autocratic and brutal dictatorship. But Mobutu's era ended in the most unexpected of ways. Genocide in Rwanda, the country next door, saw millions flee into Congo. War followed them. Rwanda and Uganda sponsored a rebellion that overthrow Mobutu and installed the Kabila family in power. In a decade of war, more than five million people are estimated to have died.

As nine African nations and numerous rebel groups fought each other for territory, for control of Congo's riches. Warlords dominated swathes of the country. The word used to describe you is warlord, not peacemaker—warlord. I'm not a warlord. It always, always comes back to the money. We're going to make some history together today. With the tech boom of the new millennium, Congolese coltan was in high demand. As there is a new commodity that we all want for our mobile phones or for our electric vehicles, the reality often is that Congo has it. And so we started to see the unscrupulous businessmen and women, we started to see the corrupt leaders. Human rights group allege that around 750 million dollars in mining revenues has been stolen under the rule of President Joseph Kabila and his cronies. Congo is a country where more than 70% of the population live below the poverty line, where women suffer some of the highest rates of sexual violence in the world. And human rights can often be abused with impunity. This soil on which we sleep is the same soil where we buried our children. Such suffering isn't the natural condition of these people, it's man-made. And that is the tragedy of Congo.

這件事(指剛果(民)首任總理帕特里斯·盧蒙巴被暗殺)為蒙博托總統(tǒng)三十年的統(tǒng)治鋪平了道路。在非洲沒(méi)有比他更貪婪的人了。據(jù)估計(jì)，剛果所接受的120億美元援助中，大概一半都被蒙博托歸為己有。西方國(guó)家助他保住權(quán)位。在蒙博托26年的獨(dú)裁和殘酷統(tǒng)治下，一個(gè)民族和一個(gè)國(guó)家終于崩塌了。但是蒙博托時(shí)代是以最意想不到的方式結(jié)束的。在剛果的鄰國(guó)盧旺達(dá)，爆發(fā)了種族屠殺，上百萬(wàn)的盧旺達(dá)人逃離到了剛果。而戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)也隨之爆發(fā)。盧旺達(dá)和烏干達(dá)資助反叛軍推翻了蒙博托政權(quán)，并把卡比拉家族推上了最高位。在長(zhǎng)達(dá)10年的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)里，估計(jì)有超過(guò)500萬(wàn)人喪生。多達(dá)九個(gè)非洲國(guó)家和多如牛毛的反叛組織為了爭(zhēng)奪領(lǐng)土，為了控制剛果的財(cái)富爆發(fā)了沖突。軍閥們控制了這個(gè)國(guó)家的大片領(lǐng)土。過(guò)去形容你的詞匯是“軍閥”，而不是“和平締造者”，是軍閥。我不是軍閥。所有的事情最終最終都會(huì)回到錢上來(lái)。今天，我們將一起創(chuàng)造歷史。隨著新千年技術(shù)革命的興盛，剛果產(chǎn)的鈳鉭需求旺盛。有一種新商品是我們的手機(jī)或是我們的電動(dòng)車都要用到的，而現(xiàn)實(shí)往往是剛果才擁有它。所以我們開(kāi)始看到不擇手段謀利的男男女女的生意人，我們開(kāi)始看到腐敗的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人們。人權(quán)組織聲稱，剛果大約有7.5億美元的礦產(chǎn)收入被約瑟夫·卡比拉總統(tǒng)和他的親信們據(jù)為己有。剛果有超過(guò)70%的人生活在貧困線以下，這個(gè)國(guó)家也是女性性侵犯發(fā)生率最高的國(guó)家之一。在這里，人權(quán)經(jīng)常遭到踐踏，但是卻免受懲罰。我們休息的這片土地也是我們掩埋我們孩子們尸體的土地。剛果人民遭受的這樣的苦難并不是在自然狀況下形成的，而是人為的。這才是剛果真正的悲劇。