1) 可用來改變詞類的前綴:
a- 加在名詞前構(gòu)成形容詞或副詞:
asleep aboard aside ashore ablaze
be- 加在名詞或形容詞前構(gòu)成動詞:
befriend bewitch behead belittle bedim
em- 加在名詞等前構(gòu)成動詞:
embark embed embody empower embitter
en- 加在名詞前構(gòu)成動詞:
endanger encourage enrage enforce enslave
en- 加在形容詞前構(gòu)成動詞:
enrich enlarge ennoble endear enable
out- 加在名詞或形容詞前構(gòu)成動詞:
outflank outnumber outpace outwit outsmart
2)有些前綴可用來構(gòu)成反義詞:
de- de-emphasize decentralize demilitarize demobilize
(非…) decolonize depoliticize dehydrate declassify
dis- dislike disbelieve distrust disagree
(構(gòu)成動詞) disapprove disobey displease disappear
dis- disbelief discontent disorder dishonour
(構(gòu)成名詞) discomfort disobedience disrespect disadvantage
dis- disloyal dishonest disinterested disorderly
(構(gòu)成形容詞) discourteous disreputable dissimilar disproportionate
il- illegal illogical illiterate illegitimate
im- impatient impolite impossible immature
in- incapable informal inadequate independent
inability injustice inadequacy insecurity
ir- irresolute irresponsible irresistible irregular
mal- malnutrition maladjusted maltreatment maladministration
non- non-essential non-economic non-profit non-resident
non-smoker non-specialist non-violent non-competitive
un- unable uncertain untidy unsafe
(構(gòu)成形容詞) unconscious unfortunate unlucky uncomfortable
un- uncertainty untidiness unhappiness unwillingness
(構(gòu)成名詞) unacceptability unfairness unpleasantness unbelievability
un- unwillingly unconsciously unfairly unfortunately
(構(gòu)成副詞) uncertainly unluckily unofficially untidily
un- undress unbutton untie unlock
(構(gòu)成動詞) unpack uncover undo unwrap
un- unexpected unfinished unprepared unprecedented
(構(gòu)成分詞) unchanging unhesitating uninviting untrusting
3) 一些表示特定意思的前綴
大部分前綴都表示特定意思,較常見的有:
前 綴 意 思 例 詞
* * *
* * *
* * *
* * *
all- 純,全是 all-wool all-steel
all-female all-new
各個(gè) all-age all-season
all-purpose all-weather
anti- 反,抗 anti-fascist anti-racist
anti-war anti-abortion
anti-aircraft anti-cancer
anti-pollution anti-inflation
antibiotic antibody
antidote antiseptic
arch- 大的 archduke archangel
archbishop archdeacon
頭號的 arch-enemy arch-rival
arch-villain arch-traitor
auto- 自動的 automatic auto-timer
auto-record auto-reverse
自己的 autobiography autograph
autonomous autonomy
汽車的 automobile auto-industry
auto work auto sport
bi- 雙,二 bilingual bilateral
bigamy bifocals
bio- 生物的 biochemical biological
biologist biotechnology
centi- 百分之一的 centimeter centigram
centiliter centigrade
co- 共同(做某事) co-author co-chairman
co-pilot co-founder
co-direct co-operate
co-exist co-edit
counter- 反 counter-measure counter-attack
counter-strike counter-revolution
double- 雙 double-decker double-barrelled
double-breasted double-bed
哄騙 double-cross double-dealing
double-talk double-dealer
down- 往下 downhill downward(s)
downriver downstairs
惡化 downturn downfall
downgrade downcast
ever- 一直,不斷 ever-present everlasting
ever-widening evergrowing
越來越 ever stronger ever-bolder
ever-greater ever-faster
ex- 以前的 ex-president ex-husband
ex-lover ex-wife
extra- 特別的,超 extra-bright extra-strong
extra-large extra-thin
以外的 extra-curricular extra-mural
extra-marital extra-territorial
fore- 前部的 foredeck forehead
foreleg forearm
預(yù)見的 foresight foretell
forecast foresee
free- 自由的 free-flowing free-moving
free-floating free-running
full- 完全 full-scale full-speed
full-grown full-strength
全部,整個(gè) full-time full-year
full-size full-page
half- 半 half-asleep half-finished
half-circle half-pay
half-moon half-empty
half-French half-sister
hand- 用手的 hand-made hand-operated
handwritten hand-wash
手提(推)的 handbag handcart
handbaggage handbook
hydro- 水力的 hydro-power hydro-electric
hydro-energy hydrophobia
ill- 不好的 ill-health ill-humour
ill-luck ill-will
ill-tempered ill-natured
ill-mannered ill-bred
不適宜的 ill-timed ill-informed
ill-educated ill-chosen
inter- 之間的 international inter-city
inter-racial intercontinental
相互的 interchange interact
interlink interrelate
kilo- 千 kilogram kilowatt
kilometre kilohertz
mal- 不良的 maladjusted malnourished
maladroit malformed
malfunction malnutrition
malpractice maldistribution
man- 由人,人 man-made man-devised
manpower mankind
對人 man-killer man-eating
manhunt manslaughter
mid- 中間(指時(shí)間) midday mid-summer
midnight mid-century
中部(指空間) midair mid-Europe
midocean mid-Wales
milli- 千分之一 milligram millimeter
milliliter milliamp
mini- 小的,微型的 minicab minibus
mini-computer miniskirt
mis- 錯(cuò)誤地 misjudge misuse
misunderstand misprint
錯(cuò)誤的 misconception misinformation
mismanagement misunderstanding
new- 新近 newborn newfound
new-wedded new-baked
news- 新聞 newscast newsletter
newspaper news-stand
over- 過分地 overeat over-reach
over-do overestimate
過于 over-anxious over-eager
over-cautious over-confident
過量的 overdose overcharge
overweight overwork
壓倒 overcome overpower
overthrow overrule
其他意思 oversee overseas
overlook overcoat
post- …之后的 post-election post-medieval
post-liberation post-renaissance
郵(政)的 postmark postcard
post-box postcode
pre- …之前的 pre-war pre-birth
pre-marital pre-revolution
預(yù)見,在前 prejudge preview
predetermine predecease
預(yù)先…的 pre-arranged prepaid
pre-planned prefabricated
pro- 親…,支持…的 pro-government pro-communist
pro-West pro-abortion
re- 重新 re-open rewrite
remarry rebuild
再次 reappear reconsider
rediscover review
self- 自我…的 self-educated self-appointed
self-employed self-imposed
自(我)的 self-defence self-criticism
self-analysis self-control
自己…的 self-locking self-cleaning
self-winding self-regulating
semi- 半…的 semi-automatic semi-naked
semi-official semi-liquid
半 semi-circle semi-annual
semi-conductor semi-darkness
sub- 次…,下一級的 subcontinent subcommittee
subdivision sub-heading
下面的,潛 subway subconscious
submarine sub-current
不…夠的 subnormal subfertile
substandard sub-literacy
super- 極…的 super-clever super-cheap
super-friendly super-sensitive
超級的 superpower supermarket
superstar superman
超…的 supersonic supernatural
supernormal supernational
其他意思 superfluous superstition
supervise superstructure
tele- 遠(yuǎn)距離的 telephone telescope
television telecommunication
trans- 從…到 transport transfer
transplant transmit
translate transform
transcribe transition
穿越 transAmerica transatlantic
trans-Siberian trans-Alaska
under- 不足的 under-developed under-financed
undernourished underestimate
下面的 underground underwear
underline undersigned
下一級的 undergraduate undersecretary
underlibrarian undermanager
其他意思 understand undertake
undermine underworld
uni- 單一的 unilateral unisex
unify unity
up- 在…上方的 upside uphill
upriver upstairs
改進(jìn),更新 update upgrade
uprate upsurge
打亂 upset uproar
uproot uprising
其他意思 upright uphold
upheaval upbringing
vice- 副的 vice-chairman vice-premier
vice-minister vice-consul
well- …得很好的 well-behaved well-written
well-dressed well-educated
很…的 well-known well-deserved
well-loved well-respected
其他意思 well-read well-informed
well-paid well-received
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