第25章　省略句 25.3　復(fù)合句中的省略

25.3　復(fù)合句中的省略

25.3.1　對(duì)話中的省略句

1) 在對(duì)話中有些句子可能有詞省略，特別是包含賓語(yǔ)從句的句子：

Will it rain tomorrow? ——I hope not. 明天會(huì)下雨嗎？ ——我希望別下。

Can I use your car tonight? ——Sorry, you can't. I'm using it myself. 今晚我能用你的車(chē)嗎？ ——對(duì)不起，不行。我自己要用。

His father came here yesterday. ——Yes, I know. 他爸昨天回來(lái)了?！抑馈?

That will cost more money. "I see." “那樣會(huì)花更多的錢(qián)？”“我明白了？”

When will Mum be back? ——Who knows. 媽什么時(shí)候回來(lái)？ ——誰(shuí)知道。

2) 有時(shí)可用so代表前面說(shuō)的話，這不是省略句，但作用接近省略句：

Are we late? ——I'm afraid so. 我們遲到了嗎？ ——我想是的。

Will it be fine tomorrow? ——I hope so. 明天會(huì)是晴天嗎？ ——我希望會(huì)。

Is she coming? ——I think (don't think) so. 她會(huì)來(lái)嗎？ ——我想會(huì)（不會(huì)）來(lái)。

Shakespeare was born in 1564, wasn't he? ——I believe so. 莎士比亞是1564年生的，對(duì)嗎？——我認(rèn)為是的。

I suppose you'll be going to the meeting? ——Yes, I suppose so. 我想你會(huì)參加這次會(huì)議的吧？——是的，我想我會(huì)。

這種現(xiàn)象稱(chēng)為替代（Substitution）。

3) 還有一些其他類(lèi)型的省略復(fù)合句：

Is everything going all right? ——Not so well as I expected. 一切都進(jìn)展順利嗎？——不像我預(yù)期的那樣好。

Do they make glass fiber? ——Not any that I know of. 他們生產(chǎn)玻璃纖維嗎？——據(jù)我知道不生產(chǎn)。

Did you know anything about it? ——Not until you told me. 這件事你知道嗎？——你告訴我后才知道。

Shall we have our picnic tomorrow? ——Unless it rains. 我們明天去野餐嗎？——要是天不下雨的話。

Shall we stop over in Shenzhen? ——Yes, if time permits. 我們要不要在深圳停留？——如果時(shí)間允許就停留。

25.3.2　狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略

狀語(yǔ)從句中省略一些詞是非常普通的現(xiàn)象。通常省略主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞（如果主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)相同則可能省略），大部分從句中都可以有省略結(jié)構(gòu)，如：

1) 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：

Often she would weep when (she was) alone. 她一個(gè)人時(shí)常常哭泣。

He had an accident while on his way here. 他在來(lái)這里的路上出了車(chē)禍。

Even as a girl she showed great promise as a pianist. 她從小就顯露出有望成為鋼琴家。

Whenever possible, the children should play outside in the fresh air. 任何時(shí)間只要可能就該讓孩子們到戶外玩耍，那里空氣新鮮。

A friend is never known till needed. 患難之中見(jiàn)真交。

Once in the examination hall, you would forget all such trivialities. 一進(jìn)考場(chǎng)，這樣的細(xì)節(jié)你都會(huì)忘記。

2) 條件狀語(yǔ)從句：

If necessary, ring me at home. 如有必要可往我家里打電話。

If in doubt, ask at your local library. 若有疑問(wèn)，可向當(dāng)?shù)貓D書(shū)館查詢。

He would never do this unless compelled. 他絕不會(huì)這樣做，除非是被迫。

3) 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句：

Though not large, the room was well lit. 房間雖不大卻很亮堂。

Although still young, he's going very grey. 他雖然年紀(jì)還輕，頭發(fā)卻已灰白。

Things were beginning to improve, even if not quickly enough. 情況開(kāi)始改善，盡管速度不夠快。

4) 方式狀語(yǔ)從句：

As expected, the afforestation movement rapidly spread. 如預(yù)料的那樣，造林運(yùn)動(dòng)迅速展開(kāi)了。

He glanced about as if in search of something. 他四下張望，仿佛在找什么東西似的。

She waited as though for a reply. 她等了等，似乎在等候回答。

5) 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句：

Fill in blanks with articles where necessary. 在必要的地方用冠詞填空。

They tried to acquire colonies where possible. 在可能的地方他們就設(shè)法奪取殖民地。

Avoid structures of this kind wherever possible. 任何地方只要可能就要避免這種結(jié)構(gòu)。

They believed in the application of force wherever and whenever necessary.在任何地方任何時(shí)間，只要必要他們就主張使用武力。

6) 比較狀語(yǔ)從句（省略的方式與其他狀語(yǔ)從句不同）：

The profits are greater than the losses (are). 利潤(rùn)大于損失。

He has more time than me (I do). 他的時(shí)間比我多。

He loved her more than ever. 他比過(guò)去更愛(ài)她了。

It's even hotter today than yesterday. 今天比昨天更熱了。

He was almost as tall as his father. 他幾乎有他父親那樣高了。

She was as interested in art as ever. 她對(duì)藝術(shù)的興趣一如既往。

I shall come along as often as possible. 我將盡量多來(lái)。

7) 有些讓步狀語(yǔ)從句有特殊的省略方式：

In our company, everybody is well taken care of, no matter what his position (is). 在我們公司，人人都得到很好的照顧，不管他地位如何。

Anyone, no matter who (he is), may point out our shortcomings. 我們的缺點(diǎn)，不管是什么人，誰(shuí)向我們指出都行。

The country is always beautiful whatever the season (is). 這一帶的田野，不管什么季節(jié)，都那樣美麗。

We're going to the seaside whatever the weather. 不管天氣如何，我們都要去海濱。

I refuse, however favourable the condition. 不管條件多好我都不接受。

25.3.3　一些其他的省略復(fù)合句

1) 有些復(fù)合句的主句中有詞省略：

(Is there) Anything you want to add? 還有什么你要補(bǔ)充嗎？

(Is there) Anyone wishing to join the book club? 有誰(shuí)想?yún)⒓幼x書(shū)俱樂(lè)部？

(It's) Too bad you can't stay any longer. 你不能再多待真遺憾。

(It's) So nice you're all for the idea. 太好了，你們都贊成這個(gè)想法。

(It's) Strange no one knows anything about it. 真奇怪，沒(méi)人知道這件事。

(I'm) Sorry, the line is busy. 對(duì)不起，占線了。

(I) Hope you'll enjoy your stay here. 希望你在這兒過(guò)得愉快。

(I) Don't know when she'll be back. 不知道她什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。

I would (do it) if I could. 如果我能做到我會(huì)做的。

2) 一些復(fù)合句的從句中可以有詞省略：

Will he check in his luggage? ——I believe not. 他的行李會(huì)托運(yùn)嗎？——我想不會(huì)。

Will she speak at the meeting? ——I don't think she will. 她會(huì)在會(huì)上發(fā)言嗎？ ——我想不會(huì)。

Will they accept these terms? ——I guess not. 他們會(huì)接受這些條件嗎？——我猜不會(huì)。

At last they did as we told them to. 最后他們照我們的話做了。

We'll do all we can to fulfil our task. 我們將盡一切可能完成任務(wù)。

We won't postpone the trip unless we have to. 除非不得已我們不會(huì)推遲這次旅行。

We'll raise more fund for the project if we can. 如果可能我們將為這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃多籌集一點(diǎn)經(jīng)費(fèi)。

Don't tell me if you don't want to. 如果你不想告訴我就別說(shuō)。

I'll pay for the hotel, if you will for the food. 如果你付伙食費(fèi)，我會(huì)付旅館住宿費(fèi)。

His opinion, whether right or wrong, should be considered. 他的意見(jiàn)，不管對(duì)還是錯(cuò)，都應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮。