金融時(shí)報(bào):體格強(qiáng)壯是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)優(yōu)勢嗎？

體格強(qiáng)壯是領(lǐng)導(dǎo)優(yōu)勢嗎？

虛榮心或許不是雄心勃勃的年輕男性在意自己體格的唯一原因。他們或許是朝著領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位邁出了精心策劃的一步。最近的一項(xiàng)研究表明，人們會將男性身體的強(qiáng)壯等同于更高的地位和種種領(lǐng)導(dǎo)品質(zhì)。

測試中可能遇到的詞匯和知識：

obsess迷住，纏住[?b'ses]

physique體格，體形[f?'zi?k]

chest胸部；衣柜[t?est]

esteem尊重；尊敬[?'sti?m; e-]

Tops and Tails兒童游戲“頭和尾”

manipulate操作；篡改[m?'n?pj?le?t]

indigenous本土的；土著的；國產(chǎn)的[?n'd?d??n?s]

regime政權(quán)，政體[re?'?i?m]

merger并購；吸收['m??d??]

collapsed倒塌的；暴跌的[k?'l?pst]

The leadership advantage that a ripped upper body brings （584words）

By Andrew Hill

Vanity might not be the only reason ambitious young males obsess about their physique. They may be taking a calculated step towards leadership.

A new study suggests that people equate physical strength in men with higher status and leadership qualities. Researchers showed participants photographs of young men and women dressed in undershirts to show off their shoulder, chest and arm muscles.

They were told that the people were recruits at a consulting firm. They were asked to rate how much they admired them, held them in esteem and believed they would rise in status. “Do you think this person is a good leader?” was one of the questions.

In an academic version of the children's game Tops and Tails, the researchers Photoshopped the images, switching the bodies and heads and manipulating heights, to take account of the possibility that results could be skewed by how tall or attractive the subjects were.

Participants consistently rated stronger men more highly for status and leadership qualities. When shown pictures of women, it made little difference whether the subjects were stronger or weaker.

The research, soon to be published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, seems to endorse Vladimir Putin's habit of flaunting his physique, or Donald Trump's publication of his doctor's opinion of his “extraordinary” physical strength. It also adds to a rich vein of work on the physical characteristics of business executives.

A 2004 paper, for instance, looked at research on height and found that tall individuals have an advantage in their careers, with six-footers earning almost $166,000 more over 30 years than someone standing only 5 feet 5 inches. Warwick Business School research last year indicated that men who rise highest in business, the military and sport share common facial features.

Other researchers have noted a link between upper-body strength and status in indigenous Bolivian people, but, happily, we do not get to see many chief executives undressed, so it is hard to assess whether the same applies in the boardroom.

Those executives who admit to a serious workout regime, or who projected a public image of physical strength, have a mixed record.

Carsten Kengeter, a broad-shouldered extreme skier who “l(fā)ikes nothing better than a weekend of marathon running in the Mont Blanc massif”, looks set to take his leadership of Deutsche B?rse through the pain barrier with a merger with the London Stock Exchange.

Gavin Patterson's leonine appearance — regularly referenced by reporters — has not hindered his rise to the top of BT, the UK telecoms group.

On the other hand, in 2012, Maurice “Hank” Greenberg — then 87 — boasted to the FT of his weightlifting prowess. It is doubtful if this would have saved AIG, the insurer he used to run, from bailout.

Thor Bj?rgolfsson wears “sculpted suits” and works out regularly, according to a recent profile “because it teaches self-discipline and pushes one to the limit”. Fellow investors in Landsbanki, the collapsed Icelandic bank where he was the major shareholder, might have hoped for more self-discipline sooner in his career.

The paper is called “The role of physical formidability in human social status allocation” — a title that risks having sand kicked in its face by more muscular headlines.

Aaron Lukaszewski of Oklahoma State University, who carried out the study with co-authors from University of California Berkeley, UC Santa Barbara and University of Portland, has a word of caution for any leader tempted to throw his weight around. “Self-interested aggressiveness decreased men's projected status,” he says.

Mr Putin and Mr Trump, take note.

請根據(jù)你所讀到的文章內(nèi)容，完成以下自測題目：

1.Who published his “extraordinary” physical strength?

A.Donald Trump

B.Vladimir Putin

C.Aaron Lukaszewski

D.Obama

答案(1)

2.What feature can be an advantage in people's careers in a 2004 paper?

A.short

B.strong

C.tall

D.thin

答案(2)

3.Who were found a link between upper-body strength and status?

A.Bolivians

B.Britishmen

C.Americans

D.Chinese people

答案(3)

4.Why the author gives examples at the end of article?

A.to prove physical strength is helpful for career

B.to prove physical strength has a mixed record

C.to suggest people exercise both mind and body

D.to criticize Mr Putin and Mr Trump

答案(4)

* * *

(1)答案：A.Donald Trump

解釋：唐納德·特朗普公布了醫(yī)生對其身體素質(zhì)“特別出色”的評價(jià)的做法，增加了有關(guān)企業(yè)高管外形特征的論述。

(2)答案：C.tall

解釋：一份2004年的論文研究了身高，發(fā)現(xiàn)高個(gè)子在事業(yè)上擁有優(yōu)勢，在30年的時(shí)間里，身高6英尺的人會比身高僅5英尺5英寸的人多掙近16.6萬美元。

(3)答案：A.Bolivians

解釋：還有研究人員注意到玻利維亞本地人上半身體形的強(qiáng)壯與其地位存在關(guān)聯(lián)，但幸運(yùn)的是，我們不會看到有多少首席執(zhí)行官袒露上身，因此很難評估這是否也適用于企業(yè)的董事會。

(4)答案：B.to prove physical strength has a mixed record

解釋：文章說那些坦言自己嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行鍛煉計(jì)劃，或者營造身體強(qiáng)壯的公眾形象的高管們的命運(yùn)好壞參半，之后舉例證明。