16 先行詞指人，用關(guān)系代詞who/whom　Track 016

（1）先行詞指人時(shí)用who/whom
先看一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句：
The woman is a famous dancer and she lives next door.
這位女士是一名著名的舞蹈演員，她就住在我家隔壁。
上述簡(jiǎn)單句中有一個(gè)重復(fù)元素：she就指代the woman，這是兩句之間的交叉點(diǎn)，而通過(guò)這個(gè)交叉點(diǎn)就可以建立起兩句之間的關(guān)系，所以定語(yǔ)從句也稱為關(guān)系從句 (relative clause)。我們現(xiàn)在要用she lives next door來(lái)作定語(yǔ)修飾the woman，告訴對(duì)方哪個(gè)woman是舞蹈演員。而在定語(yǔ)從句中，指代人的關(guān)系詞用who。前面說(shuō)過(guò)關(guān)系詞既有代詞的作用又起著連詞的作用，因此，上句可改寫成：
The woman is a famous dancer who（=and she） lives next door.
定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在它所修飾的名詞后邊。因此，上句又可進(jìn)一步寫成：
The woman who lives next door is a famous dancer.
到此，一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的定語(yǔ)從句制造完畢！關(guān)系詞who既指代先行詞the woman，同時(shí)又在從句中作主語(yǔ)。
例句
a. Friendship is a very difficult thing. It is hard to handle. It creates many different problems. In fact I would say that friendship is as hard to handle as love is, or even marriage. Of course I am not talking about easy-comeeasy-go friendship. I’m talking about friends who care deeply about each other, who support each other, who make life worth living. I’m talking about friends who you can share almost everything with.
b. Anger is a thief who steals away the nice moments.
憤怒是一個(gè)偷走美好時(shí)光的竊賊。
c. He who is not handsome at twenty, nor strong at thirty, nor rich at forty,nor wise at fifty, will never be handsome, strong, rich, or wise.
一個(gè)人若20歲不俊美、30歲不健壯、40歲不富有、50歲不睿智，那么他將永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)擁有這些。
d. There is this difference between happiness and wisdom: the person who thinks himself the happiest man really is so; but the person who thinks himself the wisest is generally the greatest fool.
幸福與智慧區(qū)別于此：認(rèn)為自己最幸福的人，那他真的就是最幸福的；而認(rèn)為自己最智慧的人，卻往往是最大的傻瓜。
e. The world is a book, and those who do not travel read only one page.
世界猶如一本書(shū)，而那些從不出門旅行的人僅僅讀了這本書(shū)的一頁(yè)。
（2）who和whom的區(qū)別
1）who在定語(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，但who之前不可用介詞（如不能說(shuō)with who，只能說(shuō)with whom）。
a. I like the people who I work with.（who作介詞with的賓語(yǔ)。）
我很喜歡同我一起工作的那些人。
b. I like the people with whom I work.
c. I’m talking about friends who you can share almost everything with.
我說(shuō)的是那些幾乎可以分享一切的朋友。
d. I’m talking about friends with whom you can share almost everything.e. I think you should stay faithful to the person who you’re married to.
我認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該對(duì)你的配偶忠誠(chéng)。
f.I think you should stay faithful to the person to whom you’re married.
2）whom在定語(yǔ)從句中不能作主語(yǔ)，但可作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。
a. A rich person is not one who has the most, but is one who needs the least.（不用…one whom has…）
一個(gè)人富有，并不是因?yàn)樗麚碛凶疃啵且驗(yàn)樗枰钌佟?br /> b. Only the people have the patience to do simple things perfectly will acquire the skill to do difficult things easily.
只有有耐心圓滿完成簡(jiǎn)單工作的人，才能夠輕而易舉地完成困難的工作。
A.whom
B.who
正確答案：B。