新奇事件簿 增加作物產(chǎn)量植物也要防曬

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Plant biologists have thought of a clever new way to increase the size of crops by as much as 20 per cent. They have genetically modified part of the mechanism in plants that is responsible for photosynthesis. Of course, photosynthesis is the most important chemical reaction in the world. It is the process where plants use sunlight to change carbon dioxide into oxygen. This means we can all breathe. The scientists have found a way for plants to use the energy they get from sunlight better, so they grow bigger and produce more food. Lead researcher Professor Stephen Long said his team is genetically modifying staple crops such as rice, wheat, maize and soybean – the world's biggest crops.

植物生物學(xué)家想到了一個(gè)聰明的新方法，可以讓作物的尺寸增加20%。他們對(duì)植物中負(fù)責(zé)光合作用的部分機(jī)制進(jìn)行了基因改造。當(dāng)然，光合作用是世界上最重要的化學(xué)反應(yīng)。在這個(gè)過程中，植物利用陽(yáng)光將二氧化碳轉(zhuǎn)化為氧氣。這樣我們才能呼吸?？茖W(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)了更好地利用從陽(yáng)光中獲得的能量的方法，所以植物可以長(zhǎng)得更大，可以生產(chǎn)更多食物。首席研究員Stephen Long教授表示，他的研究團(tuán)隊(duì)正在對(duì)主要作物進(jìn)行基因改造，比如稻米，小麥，玉米和大豆，這是世界上最主要的作物。

The scientists targeted the mechanism that plants use to protect themselves from damage when the Sun's rays are too strong. To prevent damage, plants turn their energy into heat, which disappears into the air. However, this heat-loss process continues even when clouds block the Sun. The scientists put extra copies of the heat-loss genes into modified plants. These additional copies speed up the heat-loss process so the plants can more quickly return to using energy to grow. Professor Long believes this could help the world's food needs. He said if he could get 20 per cent more food from crops, "that would greatly [reduce] what we see as the future pressure on food supply".

科學(xué)家改造的是當(dāng)陽(yáng)光太強(qiáng)烈的時(shí)候植物用來(lái)保護(hù)自己免受傷害的機(jī)制。為了防止傷害，植物將能量轉(zhuǎn)化為熱量，在空氣中消失。然而，當(dāng)云層遮擋了太陽(yáng)時(shí)，這種熱消失過程仍在繼續(xù)?？茖W(xué)家向轉(zhuǎn)基因的植物中加入了額外的熱消失基因片段。增加的基因片段加速了熱消失的過程，這樣植物就能更快地回到利用能量來(lái)生長(zhǎng)的過程。Long教授相信這樣有助于滿足全世界的糧食需求。他表示，如果作物產(chǎn)量能夠增加20%，這將極大地緩解未來(lái)食物供應(yīng)方面的壓力。