形容詞和副詞考點(diǎn) 非謂語動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)足語

考點(diǎn)7 非謂語動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)足語

在主動(dòng)語態(tài)句子中，動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞可作賓語補(bǔ)足語，構(gòu)成“v.+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”的結(jié)構(gòu)，當(dāng)這個(gè)主動(dòng)語態(tài)的句子變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)，即原賓語成為句子主語時(shí)，其補(bǔ)足語稱作主語補(bǔ)足語。

Father will not allow us to play on the street. 父親不讓我們在街上玩耍。（賓語補(bǔ)足語）

We will not be allowed to play on the street. 我們不被允許在街上玩耍。（主語補(bǔ)足語）

1. 動(dòng)詞（短語）+賓語+帶to的不定式（作賓語補(bǔ)足語）

有些動(dòng)詞（短語）后跟帶to的不定式作補(bǔ)語，即：動(dòng)詞（短語）+賓語+to do sth.

擁有這種結(jié)構(gòu)的常見動(dòng)詞（短語）有：advise, appoint, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like, love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, call on, depend on等。

2. 感官動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語

感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel等的賓語補(bǔ)足語有3種形式，即動(dòng)詞原形（省略to 的不定式，變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)要加上to）、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)或正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)或完成，動(dòng)詞原形表示主動(dòng)和完成。

（1）不帶to的不定式充當(dāng)感官動(dòng)詞補(bǔ)語。

I heard her sing an English song just now.

剛才我聽見她唱了一首英文歌。（省略to 的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語）

She was heard to sing an English song just now.

剛才她被聽到唱了一首英文歌。（帶to的不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語）

（2）現(xiàn)在分詞充當(dāng)感官動(dòng)詞補(bǔ)語。

I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.

昨天經(jīng)過她房間時(shí)，我聽見她在唱英文歌。（賓語補(bǔ)足語）

She was heard singing an English song by me when I passed by her room yesterday.

昨天我經(jīng)過她房間時(shí)，她被我聽到在唱英文歌。（主語補(bǔ)足語）

（3）過去分詞充當(dāng)感官動(dòng)詞補(bǔ)語。

I heard the English song sung many times.

我多次聽到有人唱這首英文歌。（賓語補(bǔ)足語）

The English song was heard sung many times.

這首英文歌多次被聽到唱。（主語補(bǔ)足語）

3. 使役動(dòng)詞+賓語+非謂語動(dòng)詞（作賓語補(bǔ)足語）

常見使役動(dòng)詞let, make, have, get+賓語+非謂語動(dòng)詞（作賓語補(bǔ)足語）

（1）let sb./sth. do 意為“讓某人/某物做……”。

Let them stay in the classroom and do their exercises themselves.

讓他們留在教室里面自己做練習(xí)。

（2）make sb./sth. do 意為“使/讓某人/某物做……”，變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不定式需帶to。

The teacher made the students stay after class. 老師讓這些學(xué)生下課后留下來。

The students were made to stay after class. 這些學(xué)生被要求下課后留下來。

（3）make sb./sth. done 意為“讓/使某人或某事被……”。

He raised his voice to make himself heard. 他提高了嗓門，以便讓自己被人聽到。

Can you easily make yourself understood in English?

你能使用英文把意思表達(dá)清楚嗎？

（4）have sb./sth. do意為“讓某人或某物做……”。

She had her children cook dinner for her. 她讓孩子們?yōu)樗鲲垺?/p>

（5）have sb./sth. done 意為“讓某人/某事被……”。

I had my hair cut last Saturday. 上周六我理了發(fā)。

（6）get sb. to do sth. 意為“讓某人做某事”，注意to不可省略。

How can we get all the employees to arrive on time?

我們?nèi)绾尾拍茏屗袉T工都準(zhǔn)時(shí)抵達(dá)？

（7）get sb./sth. done意為“讓某人/某事被……”。

We’re getting our house painted this weekend. 我們這周末要請人粉刷房屋。

4. find/leave/keep+賓語+非謂語動(dòng)詞（作賓語補(bǔ)足語）

動(dòng)詞find, leave, keep也可以接非謂語動(dòng)詞作補(bǔ)足語。

She found a wallet lying on the ground.

她發(fā)現(xiàn)一只錢包在地上。（現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語）

They found the street lined with people.

他們發(fā)現(xiàn)大街兩側(cè)都站著人。（過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語）

He measured the cloth and found it（to be）the exact size.

他量了一下布，發(fā)現(xiàn)大小正好合適。（不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，to be可省略）

For most of the day he can still be found working somewhere in the plant. 白天大部分時(shí)間人們還發(fā)現(xiàn)他在廠里某個(gè)地方工作。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)，現(xiàn)在分詞作主語補(bǔ)足語）

This method was found to be practicable.

大家發(fā)現(xiàn)這方法很可行。（被動(dòng)語態(tài)，動(dòng)詞不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語）

注意

不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示完成或狀態(tài)。

I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone.（狀態(tài)）

I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.（完成）

5. catch+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞（作賓語補(bǔ)足語）

catch可接現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，構(gòu)成catch sb. doing的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“撞見某人正在做某事”，其被動(dòng)形式為：sb. be caught doing sth。

Next time I catch you stealing from others’ pockets, I’ll turn you in to the police.

下次再讓我看到你偷別人口袋里的東西，我就把你送到警察局。（作賓語補(bǔ)足語）

She was caught cheating in the exam. 她考試作弊被抓到了。（作主語補(bǔ)足語）

6. with+賓語+非謂語動(dòng)詞（作賓語補(bǔ)足語）

（1）“with+賓語+不定式”通常表示不定式動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生或在當(dāng)時(shí)看來尚未發(fā)生。

With all this work to do, I won’t have time to go out.

有這么多工作要做，我就沒有時(shí)間出去了。

（2）“with+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞”指動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行或在當(dāng)時(shí)看來已是一種在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。

He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 他很快就睡著了，燈還亮著。

注意

正如進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)有時(shí)可以表示將來意義一樣，有時(shí)“現(xiàn)在分詞”也可表示將來意義。

With winter coming on, it’s time to buy warm clothes.

冬天就要到了，該買暖和衣裳了。

（3）“with+賓語+過去分詞”指與其前的名詞或代詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。

She sat with her head bent. 她低著頭坐在那里。

7. 不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語的常見結(jié)構(gòu)

一些動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，后面常接不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語，構(gòu)成如下結(jié)構(gòu)：

Sb./Sth.+be said/believed/known/reported/considered/found/thought to do/to have done/to be done/to have been done.例如：

Shakespeare is considered to be one of the greatest writers.

莎士比亞被認(rèn)為是最偉大的作家之一。

（=It is considered that Shakespeare is one of the greatest writers.）

He was said to have been cheated in the street. 據(jù)說，他在大街上被騙了。

（=It was said that he has been cheated in the street.）