考點3 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句
關(guān)系副詞主要有when, where和why,其中when表示時間,where表示地點,why表示原因,它們在定語從句中均用作狀語。
1. 關(guān)系副詞when/where
關(guān)系副詞when/where 既可引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,又可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。先行詞是時間或地點名詞,在從句中充當時間狀語或地點狀語,相當于“介詞+which”。
October 1, 1949 was the day when(=on which)the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中華人民共和國成立的日子。(限制性定語從句)
This is the school where(=in which)I studied a few years ago.
這就是我?guī)啄昵白x書的學校。
I will never forget the day, when(=on which)I joined the Party.
我入黨的那一天,我永遠不會忘記。(非限制性定語從句)
Let’s go to the concert, where(=in which)you will find much fun.
我們?nèi)ヂ犚魳费莩獣?,在那里你會找到很大的樂趣?/p>
where有時還可用于抽象名詞后引導(dǎo)定語從句。常見此類抽象名詞有point, degree, stage, position, case, condition等。
We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我們到了必須要改變的地步。
He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong.
他陷入一種難以分辨是非的局面。
I don’t want a job where I’m chained to a desk all day.
我不想找一份整天坐辦公桌前的工作。
2. 關(guān)系副詞why
關(guān)系副詞why只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,先行詞只有reason一詞,在從句中充當原因狀語,相當于for+which。
Do you know the reason why(=for which)he is not here now?
你知道他還沒有來這兒的原因嗎?
注意
用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句主要看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中的作用(即所擔當?shù)某煞郑?。試比較:
I know a place where we can have a picnic. 我知道一個我們可以野炊的地方。
I know a place which/that is famous for its beautiful natural scenery.
我知道一個以自然景色優(yōu)美而聞名的地方。
I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.
我永遠忘不了我們一起度假的日子。
I will never forget the days that/which we spent together.
我永遠忘不了我們一起度過的日子。
This is the reason why he was dismissed. 這就是他被解雇的原因。
This is the reason that/which he explained to me for his not attending the meeting.
這就是他向我解釋的他沒有參加會議的原因。