賣假貨不打假這口黑鍋馬云不背，他呼吁把制假售假者關(guān)起來

他在致中國(guó)兩會(huì)代表的公開信中，首次直接呼吁政府加大力度根除假貨。他將假貨猖獗歸咎于法律寬松、處罰太輕。

Weibo/Jack Ma

2016年底阿里巴巴“二度”上榜美國(guó)貿(mào)易代表辦公室（United States Trade Representative，簡(jiǎn)稱USTR）發(fā)布的“惡名市場(chǎng)”黑名單，由此可知，阿里在打假運(yùn)動(dòng)上收效甚微。

馬云此次向問題的另一端——中國(guó)政府呼吁，政府會(huì)否接受其意見尚未可知?？梢源_定的是，阿里巴巴自身仍須付出更大的誠(chéng)意來改善假貨問題。

The appeal to delegates at this week's National People's Congress marks an escalation by Mr Ma, one of China's richest men, and a reversal from his earlier comments that counterfeits are often better quality than the real thing.

馬云在本周召開的全國(guó)人大會(huì)議上向代表們發(fā)出上述呼吁，此舉標(biāo)志著他在打假問題上的立場(chǎng)變得更加積極，態(tài)度也與以往截然不同——他曾說假貨質(zhì)量往往比正品更好。馬云是中國(guó)最富有的人之一。

It also follows a renewed crusade against fakes that followed the return of Alibaba's ecommerce platform Taobao to the US blacklist of “notorious markets” for peddling counterfeit goods.

在此之前，阿里巴巴電商平臺(tái)淘寶（Taobao）因銷售假貨再次被美國(guó)列入“惡名市場(chǎng)”黑名單，阿里巴巴由此掀起了新一輪的打假運(yùn)動(dòng)。

Photo Credit：The official site of USTR

USTR在2016年報(bào)告中，就阿里巴巴加強(qiáng)淘寶知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)方面，提出三點(diǎn)改善建議：

（1） simplifying processes for right holders to register and request enforcement action;

簡(jiǎn)化產(chǎn)權(quán)持有人注冊(cè)和請(qǐng)求執(zhí)法行動(dòng)的程序；

（2） making good faith takedown procedures generally available;

讓誠(chéng)信下架機(jī)制普遍適用；

（3） reducing Taobao's timelines for takedowns and issuing penalties for counterfeit sellers.

縮短淘寶假貨下架時(shí)間，對(duì)假冒產(chǎn)品商家征收罰款。

Photo Credit：The official site of USTR

In an open letter to delegates of the NPC and The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference posted on China's Twitter-like Weibo platform, Mr Ma called for counterfeits to be tackled in the same way as drink driving.

馬云在新浪微博（Weibo）上發(fā)表了一封致全國(guó)人大和全國(guó)政協(xié)代表的公開信，他在信中呼吁像治理酒駕那樣治理假貨。

“If, for example, we imposed a seven-day prison sentence for every fake product sold, the world would look very different both in terms of intellectual property enforcement and food and drug safety, as well as our ability to foster innovation,” he wrote.

他寫道：“設(shè)想假如銷售一件假貨拘留七天，制造一件假貨入刑，那么我想今天中國(guó)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)現(xiàn)狀、食品藥品安全現(xiàn)狀，我們國(guó)家未來的創(chuàng)新能力一定會(huì)發(fā)生天翻地覆的變化?！?/p>

Highlighting laws that enabled 99 per cent of counterfeit activities to go unchecked and inappropriately small penalties for those fined, he said there was “a lot of bark around stopping counterfeits, but no bite”.

他說，“人人喊打，卻無人真打”，強(qiáng)調(diào)是法律讓99%的制假售假行為不了了之，而且罰款數(shù)額也低得不像樣子。

馬云在打假運(yùn)動(dòng)上的努力一直存在爭(zhēng)議，主要原因是其努力的結(jié)果并不讓人滿意。他到底是真心整改還是假意作秀，先來看看各方的意見。

Turning the onus on to Beijing is a calculated gamble for Mr Ma.He has been under pressure to clamp down on fakes since the US Office of the Trade Representative blacklisted Taobao, both by overseas regulators and big brands, but his plea may not align with the government's priorities, say observers.

對(duì)馬云來說，把責(zé)任推到中國(guó)政府頭上是一次經(jīng)過精心計(jì)算的賭博。自美國(guó)貿(mào)易代表辦公室（Office of the US Trade Representative）將淘寶列入黑名單以來，馬云一直承受著海外監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)和大品牌要求其打擊假貨的壓力，但觀察家們表示，他所呼吁的事情可能不會(huì)成為中國(guó)政府的優(yōu)先事項(xiàng)。

While applauding Alibaba's efforts, some lawyers pointed to an element of lip-service：Alibaba has come out with a string of initiatives since the USTR move, including working with police in Shenzhen and Swarovski to sue two merchants selling fake watches.

一些律師雖然稱贊阿里巴巴的打假努力，但指出這些努力有作秀成分：自美國(guó)貿(mào)易代表辦公室將淘寶列入黑名單以來，阿里巴巴采取了一系列舉措，包括與深圳警方和施華洛世奇（Swarovski）合作，起訴兩個(gè)銷售冒牌手表的商家。

“What he is saying is valid：China needs to do more,” said Paul Haswell, a partner at Pinsent Masons in Hong Kong, “Alibaba is investing more in anti-counterfeiting, hiring more lawyers and going after people.But it still feels very much like showboating.”

品誠(chéng)梅森律師事務(wù)所（Pinsent Masons）駐香港合伙人保羅·哈斯維爾（Paul Haswell）表示：“他說中國(guó)需要采取更多措施，這是合理的。阿里巴巴投入更多資源打擊造假，雇傭了更多的律師并追究售假者。但還是讓人感覺它在作秀?！?/p>

Brands complain that merchants selling knock-offs that are closed down by Alibaba simply reappear under a different name a few hours later, and point to the swath of fake goods available across the platform.

品牌商家抱怨稱，被阿里巴巴關(guān)掉的售假商家在幾個(gè)小時(shí)后換個(gè)名字就會(huì)重新出現(xiàn)在平臺(tái)上，它們指出，整個(gè)平臺(tái)充斥著大量的假貨。

阿里巴巴認(rèn)為其努力收效甚微可歸因于薄弱的法律法規(guī)。由于兩者未能協(xié)同并進(jìn)，努力便不能達(dá)到應(yīng)有的成效。

Alibaba says it is harnessing big data, combining addresses and other information, to detect reincarnated merchants.But these efforts are undermined by laws, said Mr Ma.

阿里巴巴表示，它正利用大數(shù)據(jù)以及地址和其他信息來監(jiān)測(cè)換了“馬甲”的售假商家。但馬云表示，由于法律法規(guī)滯后，這些努力效果不佳。

Big data enabled Alibaba to pass on 4,495 leads to cases for offline investigations, which resulted in the successful criminal prosecution of 469 cases, he said—a hit rate of roughly 10 per cent.

他說，阿里巴巴利用大數(shù)據(jù)排查出4495件線索讓警方展開線下調(diào)查，結(jié)果被成功提起刑事訴訟的只有469件，打擊率大約為10%左右。

Of the 200 counterfeit cases penalised by the Bureau of Commerce and Industry last year that Alibaba studied, the average fine was Rmb10,000.（$1,450）.“This reality only encourages more people to produce and sell fake goods!” he wrote.

在阿里巴巴研究的去年被工商行政管理局行政處罰的200例制假販假案件中，平均罰款額不到10萬元人民幣（合1450美元）。馬云寫道：“這樣的局面只會(huì)鼓勵(lì)更多人前赴后繼地參與制假售假！”

He said that manufacturers, rather than internet ecommerce platforms, were the root problem.“Counterfeit goods are being produced in a steady stream every day by illegitimate factories, just like the smog that comes from all directions and fills the streets …Manufacturers will always be the source of the problem; and the law has to be the root of the solution.”

他說，問題的根源是制造工廠而非互聯(lián)網(wǎng)電商平臺(tái)。“今天，現(xiàn)實(shí)世界里的假貨源源不斷地從黑工廠中產(chǎn)出，像霧霾一樣四面八方襲來，充斥在大街小巷……法律基石永遠(yuǎn)是根，制造工廠永遠(yuǎn)是源?！?/p>

網(wǎng)絡(luò)假冒商品是一個(gè)世界性的問題，那么其他國(guó)家是如何應(yīng)對(duì)的呢？

法國(guó)

據(jù)財(cái)經(jīng)網(wǎng)報(bào)道，法國(guó)制定的“禁止售賣假冒商品”的自律性憲章頗有成效。采取的主要手段是“上架前阻止”與“制假者懲罰”。前者從源頭遏止，后者在事后打擊，阻止問題再生。知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)人可使用簡(jiǎn)化的通知和刪除程序，對(duì)售賣假冒商品的商家，施以暫停銷售6個(gè)月或注銷賬戶的處罰。

美國(guó)

美國(guó)式打假是典型的“嚴(yán)刑重典”。新浪財(cái)經(jīng)刊文指出，美國(guó)聯(lián)邦法律規(guī)定，初犯者將面臨10年以上的監(jiān)禁，重犯者將面臨20年以上監(jiān)禁和500萬美元的罰款，因假貨造成死亡后果的個(gè)人將會(huì)被終生監(jiān)禁。而對(duì)于公司處罰就更加嚴(yán)厲，罰金高達(dá)1500萬美元。

德國(guó)

據(jù)新京報(bào)報(bào)道，為防止假貨入關(guān)，德國(guó)法律規(guī)定，如果攜帶假貨入關(guān)，通常情況下5件以下的予以沒收；5至10件的還要追加罰款；10件以上的會(huì)被視為制售假冒產(chǎn)品，將會(huì)被送法庭審理，最高可被處以30萬歐元的罰款并被判3年監(jiān)禁。

日本

同樣來自新京報(bào)，報(bào)道指出日本的商標(biāo)法和防止不正當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)法禁止販賣、制造和進(jìn)口假冒、仿冒產(chǎn)品，禁止以販賣為目的持有仿冒產(chǎn)品。違者將判處5年以下拘役或者500萬日元以下罰金；對(duì)違反法律的法人要處以最高達(dá)1億5千萬日元的罰金；除刑事處罰外，還可能被追究民事責(zé)任。

詞匯總結(jié)

counterfeit[?ka?nt?f?t]

adj.偽造的；仿造的；假冒的

It also follows a renewed crusade against fakes that followed the return of Alibaba's ecommerce platform Taobao to the US blacklist of “notorious markets” for peddling counterfeit goods.

在此之前，阿里巴巴電商平臺(tái)淘寶（Taobao）因銷售假貨再次被美國(guó)列入“惡名市場(chǎng)”黑名單，阿里巴巴由此掀起了新一輪的打假運(yùn)動(dòng)。

erase[??re?z]

v.清除；消除；消滅

Alibaba founder Jack Ma has for the first time called directly on China's government to ramp up efforts to erase counterfeiting, blaming modest penalties and lax laws for the scourge of fakes.

阿里巴巴（Alibaba）創(chuàng)始人馬云（Jack Ma）首次直接呼吁中國(guó)政府加大力度根除假貨，他將假貨猖獗歸咎于法律寬松、處罰太輕。

escalate[?esk?le?t]

v.（使）逐步擴(kuò)大,不斷惡化,加劇

The appeal to delegates at this week's National People's Congress marks an escalation by Mr Ma, one of China's richest men, and a reversal from his earlier comments that counterfeits are often better quality than the real thing.

馬云在本周召開的全國(guó)人大會(huì)議上向代表們發(fā)出上述呼吁，此舉標(biāo)志著他在打假問題上的立場(chǎng)變得更加積極，態(tài)度也與以往截然不同——他曾說假貨質(zhì)量往往比正品更好。馬云是中國(guó)最富有的人之一。

lip service 空頭支票，口頭敷衍

While applauding Alibaba's efforts, some lawyers pointed to an element of lip-service.

一些律師雖然稱贊阿里巴巴的打假努力，但指出這些努力有作秀成分。