殺千刀的-cide

外媒近日多篇報(bào)道中出現(xiàn)的fratricide一詞為何意？今天，跟隨FT，了解詞根-cide背后的故事。

金正男在馬來(lái)西亞機(jī)場(chǎng)身亡后，多家媒體帶來(lái)后續(xù)報(bào)道，其矛頭多指向朝鮮領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人金正恩。

FT在《金正恩向世界秀肌肉》這篇報(bào)道中這樣寫道：

From the ballistic missile test to suspected fratricide, the events of the past week reflect clearly on the aggressive nature of the regime in Pyongyang.

從彈道導(dǎo)彈試驗(yàn)到涉嫌殘殺兄弟，上周的事態(tài)變化清楚地反映了平壤政權(quán)的好斗性質(zhì)。

這里的fratricide正是這個(gè)事件核心詞，“suspected fratricide”，意思即為金正恩涉嫌殺害兄長(zhǎng)金正男。

fratricide:

the crime of killing your brother or sister; a person who is guilty of this crime

殺害兄弟（或姐妹）罪；殺害兄弟（或姐妹）者

根據(jù)詞根在線查詢網(wǎng)站etymonline.com的詞根釋義：

cide：word-forming element meaning “killer,” from French -cide, from Latin -cida “cutter, killer, slayer.The element also can represent ”killing,“from French -cide, from Latin -cidium”a cutting, a killing.

-cide，單詞組成的一部分，意思是“殺手”，來(lái)源于法語(yǔ)的-cide，拉丁語(yǔ)的-cida，意思是“切割工，殺手，殺人者”。這個(gè)組成部分還可以指“殺”這個(gè)動(dòng)作，來(lái)自法語(yǔ)詞根-cide，拉丁語(yǔ)-cidium，表示“切割，殺害”。

因此fratricide的構(gòu)成就顯而易見了。

fratricide由兩部分組成：frater表示“兄弟”+cide表示“殺害”=fratricide“殺害兄弟”（既可以指殺害兄弟的行為也可以指殺害兄弟的人）。

了解了-cide的意思，經(jīng)過(guò)排列組合我們就可以得出更多-cide家族的詞匯。比如古希臘神話中，就出現(xiàn)了許多與“殺”相關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)，背后牽出不少悲劇故事。

patricide

kill one's father 弒父

希臘神話《俄狄浦斯王》就講述了這樣一個(gè)故事。在線教育平臺(tái)shmoop.com上簡(jiǎn)要介紹了這個(gè)古希臘的悲劇。

The Oracle of Delphi tells King Laius of Thebes that he'll have a child who's destined to kill him and sleep with Laius's wife, Jocasta, the boy's own mother.When a baby comes along, the king pierces his ankles and leaves him on a mountainside to die.A shepherd finds the baby, though, and takes him to King Polybus and Queen Merope of Corinth, who name him Oedipus and raise him as their own.

德爾斐的神諭告訴底比斯國(guó)王拉伊俄斯，說(shuō)他以后會(huì)有一個(gè)孩子，注定要?dú)⒌舾赣H，迎娶拉伊俄斯的妻子裘娥卡斯達(dá)，即孩子的生母。孩子降生后，國(guó)王將孩子的腳踝刺破，把他扔在山上自生自滅。恰巧有個(gè)牧羊人發(fā)現(xiàn)了孩子，就把孩子送給科林斯的國(guó)王波呂玻斯和其王后。這對(duì)夫婦給孩子起名為俄狄浦斯，并將他視如己出。

One day, Oedipus goes to the Oracle of Delphi to find out who his real parents are.The Oracle doesn't see fit to tell him this, but she does tell him that he's destined to kill his father and sleep with his mother.Oedipus tries to run from this fate, but ends up running right into it.He kills Laius in a scuffle at a crossroads, not knowing he's his real dad.Later, he wins the throne of Thebes and unknowingly marries his mother, Jocasta, after answering the riddle of the Sphinx.

有一天，俄狄浦斯找到德爾斐的神諭，想知道自己的親生父母是誰(shuí)。神諭認(rèn)為這時(shí)候透露還不合適，不過(guò)她告訴他：“你注定要弒父娶母”。俄狄浦斯想要擺脫這樣的命運(yùn)，沒想到最終還是逃脫不掉。在一個(gè)十字路口，打斗之間，他殺了拉伊俄斯。當(dāng)時(shí)他并不知道這個(gè)人是自己的親生父親。接著，他答對(duì)了斯芬克斯之謎，因此贏得了底比斯王國(guó)的王位。在不知情的情況下，娶了自己的母親，裘娥卡斯達(dá)。

得知真相后，王后上吊自盡，而俄狄浦斯也自戳雙眼。

這里的詞根組合相信你已經(jīng)猜到了。patri-表示與父親相關(guān)的+-cide殺=殺害父親的人（或者行為）。

表示母親的詞根為matri-，則我們可以得到：matricid ：kill one's mother 弒母 1.the murder of one's own mother 殺害自己母親的行為 2.a person who murders their mother 殺害了自己母親的人

-cide這個(gè)詞根應(yīng)用十分廣泛，與不同詞根組合還有不同的變體：

表示殺害親人的詞匯

suicide,selfcide

Killing oneself

parenticide

Killing one's parent（s）

uxoricide

killing one's wife

mariticide

killing one's husband

filicide,prolicide

killing one's son or daughter

表示殺害了其他的人的詞匯

homicide

killing a man or any person

femicide

killing a woman

infanticide

killing an infant

ambicide

killing a friend

hosticide

killing an enemy

表示殺害動(dòng)物的詞匯

ursicide

killing of bears

canicide

killing of dogs

apicide

killing of bees

insecticide

killing of insects

詞匯總結(jié)

destined[?dest?nd]

adj.命中注定的，預(yù)定的;去往…的

The Oracle of Delphi tells King Laius of Thebes that he'll have a child who's destined to kill him and sleep with Laius's wife, Jocasta, the boy's own mother.

德爾斐的神諭告訴底比斯國(guó)王拉伊俄斯，說(shuō)他以后會(huì)有一個(gè)孩子，注定要?dú)⒌舾赣H，迎娶拉伊俄斯的妻子裘娥卡斯達(dá)，即孩子的生母。

scuffle[?sk?fl]

n.扭打，混戰(zhàn);拖腳行走，拖步;拖著腳走的聲音

He kills Laius in a scuffle at a crossroads, not knowing he's his real dad.

在一個(gè)十字路口，打斗之間，他殺了拉伊俄斯。當(dāng)時(shí)他并不知道這個(gè)人是自己的親生父親。