演講MP3+雙語文稿:老師們需要真正的反饋

聽力課堂TED音頻欄目主要包括TED演講的音頻MP3及中英雙語文稿，供各位英語愛好者學習使用。本文主要內容為演講MP3+雙語文稿:老師們需要真正的反饋，希望你會喜歡！

【演講人】比爾·蓋茨

【演講主題】《老師們需要真正的反饋》

【演講文稿-中英文】

翻譯者明寬 張 校對xuan wang

00:04

每一個人都需要一位教練。無論你是籃球運動員，網球運動員，體操選手或者是打橋牌的。（笑聲）

Everyone needs a coach.It doesn't matter whether you're a basketball player,a tennis player, a gymnastor a bridge player.(Laughter)

00:18

我的橋牌教練，Sharon Osberg，說包含她后腦勺的照片比世界上其他任何人的都多。（笑聲）抱歉，Sharon。這張應該可以了。

My bridge coach, Sharon Osberg,says there are more pictures of the back of her headthan anyone else's in the world. (Laughter)Sorry, Sharon. Here you go.

00:30

我們都需要能給我們反饋信息的人。這是我們不斷自我發(fā)展的方式。遺憾的是，有一群人幾乎收不到系統(tǒng)化的反饋信息來提高他們的工作效率，而這一群人從事著世界上最重要的職業(yè)之一。我指的就是老師們。當Melinda和我了解到大部分老師得到的有用的反饋有多么少時，我們驚呆了。直到最近，超過98%的老師得到的反饋只包含一個詞：滿意。如果我的橋牌教練只跟我說我的表現(xiàn)“令人滿意”，我永遠也不可能變得更好。我怎么知道誰是最好的？我怎么知道什么事我做的和別人不一樣？現(xiàn)在，各個校區(qū)都在改進評估教師的方式，但是我們仍給他們很少能夠提高他們工作水平的反饋信息。我們的教師應該受到更好的對待。今天我們在用的系統(tǒng)對他們不公平。這系統(tǒng)對學生也不公平，而且置美國的全球領導地位于水深火熱之中。因此今天我想講講我們如何能幫助所有的老師獲得他們想要而且值得獲得的提高自己的工具。

We all need people who will give us feedback.That's how we improve.Unfortunately, there's one group of peoplewho get almost no systematic feedbackto help them do their jobs better,and these peoplehave one of the most important jobs in the world.I'm talking about teachers.When Melinda and I learnedhow little useful feedback most teachers get,we were blown away.Until recently, over 98 percent of teachersjust got one word of feedback:Satisfactory.If all my bridge coach ever told mewas that I was "satisfactory,"I would have no hope of ever getting better.How would I know who was the best?How would I know what I was doing differently?Today, districts are revampingthe way they evaluate teachers,but we still give them almost no feedbackthat actually helps them improve their practice.Our teachers deserve better.The system we have today isn't fair to them.It's not fair to students,and it's putting America's global leadership at risk.So today I want to talk about how we can help all teachersget the tools for improvement they want and deserve.

01:54

我們先來問問誰做得比較好。遺憾的是，國際上沒有一個用來給評估老師的系統(tǒng)分等級的標準。所以我看了看那些擁有學術表現(xiàn)非常好的學生的國家，然后看看他們在做什么來幫助他們的教師提高教學水平。我們來看看閱讀水平的排名。美國并不是第一。我們甚至連前十都沒能進入。我們和冰島以及波蘭并列排名第15名。在閱讀水平方面做得比美國出色的地方中又有多少個擁有能幫助教師提高自己的正規(guī)流程？11個。在閱讀方面美國并列第15名，但在科學與數(shù)學方面我們分別排在第23名與第31名。因此我們只有一個方面排名比較靠前，而那就是無法提供給教師發(fā)展自己所需要的幫助。

Let's start by asking who's doing well.Well, unfortunately there's no international ranking tablesfor teacher feedback systems.So I looked at the countrieswhose students perform well academically,and looked at what they're doingto help their teachers improve.Consider the rankings for reading proficiency.The U.S. isn't number one.We're not even in the top 10.We're tied for 15th with Iceland and Poland.Now, out of all the placesthat do better than the U.S. in reading,how many of them have a formal systemfor helping teachers improve?Eleven out of 14.The U.S. is tied for 15th in reading,but we're 23rd in science and 31st in math.So there's really only one area where we're near the top,and that's in failing to give our teachersthe help they need to develop their skills.

02:55

我們來看看學業(yè)上表現(xiàn)最好的地區(qū)：中國的上海。他們在閱讀，數(shù)學以及科學等所有方面排名都是第一，而上海能有這種令人驚訝的成功的關鍵之一就在于他們幫助教師不斷自我發(fā)展的方式。他們確保年輕的教師有機會看到資深教師授課。他們每周都有讓老師聚在一起并討論哪些教學方法比較有用的學習會。他們甚至要求每位老師觀察他的同事并給他們反饋信息。

Let's look at the best academic performer:the province of Shanghai, China.Now, they rank number one across the board,in reading, math and science,and one of the keys to Shanghai's incredible successis the way they help teachers keep improving.They made sure that younger teachersget a chance to watch master teachers at work.They have weekly study groups,where teachers get together and talk about what's working.They even require each teacher to observeand give feedback to their colleagues.

03:33

也許你會問，為什么這樣的系統(tǒng)那么重要？這是因為在教師這個職業(yè)中有太多的不同。有的教師的教學效率遠遠超過其他教師。事實上，在全國各地有一些老師正在幫助他們的學生實現(xiàn)難以想象的巨大進步。如果今天的普通老師能和那些老師一樣好，我們的學生就可以在全世界獨領風騷了。因此我們需要一個能使我們每一位教師和最好的教師一樣好的系統(tǒng)。

You might ask, why is a system like this so important?It's because there's so much variationin the teaching profession.Some teachers are far more effective than others.In fact, there are teachers throughout the countrywho are helping their students make extraordinary gains.If today's average teachercould become as good as those teachers,our students would be blowing away the rest of the world.So we need a system that helps all our teachersbe as good as the best.

04:06

這樣一個系統(tǒng)會是什么樣子的？為了查明這個事情，我們的基金會和全國各個校區(qū)的3000多名老師合作開展了一個叫“有效教育方式”(MET)的項目。我們派遣觀察員觀看老師在教學中的錄像并且評估他們所做的一系列事情。舉例來說，他們有沒有問學生具有挑戰(zhàn)性的問題？他們有沒有找到多種方式來解釋一個概念？我們也讓學生做包含如“你的老師是否知道整個班級聽懂了一堂課？”“你是否學會了改正錯誤？”等問題的問卷。

What would that system look like?Well, to find out, our foundationhas been working with 3,000 teachersin districts across the countryon a project called Measures of Effective Teaching.We had observers watch videosof teachers in the classroomand rate how they did on a range of practices.For example, did they ask their studentschallenging questions?Did they find multiple ways to explain an idea?We also had students fill out surveys with questions like,"Does your teacher knowwhen the class understands a lesson?""Do you learn to correct your mistakes?"

04:47

結果令我們非常驚喜。首先，在這些評測中表現(xiàn)很好的老師所教出來的學生也更好。這說明我們問的問題是對的。其次，參與這個項目的老師告訴我們這些錄像以及向學生發(fā)放的調查問卷是非常有用的診斷工具，因為它們指明了教師們能夠改進的具體環(huán)節(jié)。我想讓你們看看MET中的視頻部分是什么樣的。

And what we found is very exciting.First, the teachers who did well on these observationshad far better student outcomes.So it tells us we're asking the right questions.And second, teachers in the program told usthat these videos and these surveys from the studentswere very helpful diagnostic tools,because they pointed to specific placeswhere they can improve.I want to show you what this video component of METlooks like in action.

05:20

（音樂）

05:23

（錄像）Sarah Brown Wessling: 大家早上好。讓我們說說今天干些什么。首先，今天將會是一個“同學互評日”。這個“同學互評日”的目的就是在下課前大家可以好好判斷自己作文是不是經得起推敲。

(Video) Sarah Brown Wessling: Good morning everybody.Let's talk about what's going on today.To get started, we're doing a peer review day, okay?A peer review day, and our goal by the end of classis for you to be able to determinewhether or not you have moves to prove in your essays.

05:37

我的名字是Sarah Brown Wessling。我在衣阿華州的Johnston的Johnston高中擔任英語老師。

My name is Sarah Brown Wessling.I am a high school English teacherat Johnston High School in Johnston, Iowa.

05:43

轉向你們身邊的一個人。告訴他們你認為我說“經得起推敲”時我是什么意思。我曾說過--

Turn to somebody next to you.Tell them what you think I mean when I talk about moves to prove. I've talk about --

05:47

我認為對于老師而言，我們對我們的表現(xiàn)的抽象看法和實際情況是有區(qū)別的。

I think that there is a difference for teachersbetween the abstract of how we see our practiceand then the concrete reality of it.

05:55

好的，請你們拿出你們的紙張。

Okay, so I would like you to please bring up your papers.

05:58

我認為視頻給我們展現(xiàn)了某種程度的現(xiàn)實。你無法對你在視頻中看到的表示異議，你從中能學到很多，而且當我們看到它時我們看到有很多方式能讓我們的職業(yè)水平更上一層樓。我只有這個輕按相機和這個小小的三腳架并再花了一點錢買了這個微小的廣角鏡。在開始上課的時候，我就把相機放在教室的后面。視角并非完美。它沒法捕捉到發(fā)生的每一件事。但我能聽見聲音。我能看到很多。而且我能從中學到很多。因此它成了一個用于自我反思的簡單而強大的工具。

I think what video offers for usis a certain degree of reality.You can't really dispute what you see on the video,and there is a lot to be learned from that,and there are a lot of ways that we can growas a profession when we actually get to see this.I just have a flip camera and a little tripodand invested in this tiny little wide-angle lens.At the beginning of class, I just perch itin the back of the classroom. It's not a perfect shot.It doesn't catch every little thing that's going on.But I can hear the sound. I can see a lot.And I'm able to learn a lot from it.So it really has been a simplebut powerful tool in my own reflection.

06:39

好的，我們先看看比較長的一段，怎么樣？

All right, let's take a look at the long one first, okay?

06:42

一旦錄完了，我就把它放到電腦里，掃描一下然后看一眼。如果我不把東西寫下來我就無法記住它們。

Once I'm finished taping, then I put it in my computer,and then I'll scan it and take a peek at it.If I don't write things down, I don't remember them.

06:50

因此記筆記也是我思考過程中的一部分，而當我在做記錄時我也就發(fā)現(xiàn)了我在看的是什么。我把它用于我的個人成長以及關于教學方式，教學原則，課堂管理等各種各樣的和課堂有關的方面的個人反思。

So having the notes is a part of my thinking process,and I discover what I'm seeing as I'm writing.I really have used it for my own personal growthand my own personal reflection on teaching strategyand methodology and classroom management,and just all of those different facets of the classroom.

07:09

我很高興我們以前做過類似的事情所以我們能通過比較得出孰優(yōu)孰劣。

I'm glad that we've actually done the process beforeso we can kind of compare what works, what doesn't.

07:14

我覺得視頻揭示了大量的所對我們老師而言從根本上幫助我們學習和理解的方式方法，并且也幫助社會理解這個復雜的工作究竟是干嘛的。我認為這展現(xiàn)了一些事情他們是我們無法用教學計劃，一個標準，甚至一個關于教育學的書來表達的。

I think that video exposesso much of what's intrinsic to us as teachersin ways that help us learn and help us understand,and then help our broader communities understandwhat this complex work is really all about.I think it is a way to exemplify and illustratethings that we cannot convey in a lesson plan,things you cannot convey in a standard,things that you cannot even sometimes conveyin a book of pedagogy.

07:45

好了，大家，祝你們周末愉快。下次見。

Alrighty, everybody, have a great weekend.I'll see you later.

07:48

[每一個教室都能像那樣]

[Every classroom could look like that]

07:51

（掌聲）

07:56

比爾 蓋茨：我們希望有一天全美的教室都可以像這樣。但我們還有很多事要做。梳理出一位老師在什么地方需要改進只是戰(zhàn)斗的一半。我們還要給他們能讓他們基于診斷結果采取措施的工具。如果你知道你要提高自己教分數(shù)的方式，你應該可以看一段世上最好的人教分數(shù)的視頻。

Bill Gates: One day, we'd like every classroom in Americato look something like that.But we still have more work to do.Diagnosing areas where a teacher needs to improveis only half the battle.We also have to give them the tools they needto act on the diagnosis.If you learn that you need to improvethe way you teach fractions,you should be able to watch a videoof the best person in the world teaching fractions.

08:25

所以說建立一個完整的能給予老師反饋信息以及自我發(fā)展手段的系統(tǒng)不會簡單。比如說，我知道一些老師對于在教室中放一個攝像機這樣的想法感到不舒適。這是可以理解的，但是我們在MET中的經驗說明了如果老師們能忍受這一個過程，如果他們在教室中錄制視頻，然后選擇他們想提交的視頻，很多老師會踴躍參與。

So building this complete teacher feedbackand improvement system won't be easy.For example, I know some teachersaren't immediately comfortable with the ideaof a camera in the classroom.That's understandable, but our experience with METsuggests that if teachers manage the process,if they collect video in their own classrooms,and they pick the lessons they want to submit,a lot of them will be eager to participate.

08:54

建立這樣一個體系也會需要大量的投資。我們的基金會估計會花費多至50億美元。這是一個龐大的數(shù)字，但如果我們換一個視角來看，這比我們每年付給老師的工資的2%還要少。

Building this system will also requirea considerable investment.Our foundation estimates that it could costup to five billion dollars.Now that's a big number, but to put it in perspective,it's less than two percentof what we spend every year on teacher salaries.

09:16

這樣一個系統(tǒng)對于老師的影響是無法估量的。我們終于會有一個能給他們反饋信息，并讓他們照此采取措施的方式。

The impact for teachers would be phenomenal.We would finally have a way to give them feedback,as well as the means to act on it.

09:26

但是這樣一個系統(tǒng)對我們國家的好處會更大。它會讓我們走上一條能確保我們的學生能收到良好教育，找到一份報酬豐厚而且令人滿意的事業(yè)，并且讓他們有機會實現(xiàn)自己的夢想的道路。這不僅會使我們的國家更成功。這也會使我們的國家更充滿公平與正義。

But this system would havean even more important benefit for our country.It would put us on a path to making sureall our students get a great education,find a career that's fulfilling and rewarding,and have a chance to live out their dreams.This wouldn't just make us a more successful country.It would also make us a more fair and just one, too.

09:53

我為能給老師們他們想要且應得的支援的機會感到欣喜。我希望大家也是。

I'm excited about the opportunityto give all our teachers the support they want and deserve.I hope you are too.

10:02

謝謝。

Thank you.

10:04

（掌聲）

(Applause)