演講MP3+雙語文稿:幫助別人讓我們更幸福，但也取決于如何做

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【演講人】Elizabeth Dunn

【演講主題】幫助別人能夠讓我們更幸福，但也取決于如何做

【中英文字幕】

翻譯者：psjmz mz 校對(duì)：Jin Ge

00:04

So, I have a pretty fun job,which is to figure out what makes people happy.It's so fun, it might almost seen a little frivolous,especially at a time where we're being confrontedwith some pretty depressing headlines.But it turns out that studying happiness might provide a keyto solving some of the toughest problems we're facing.It's taken me almost a decade to figure this out.

我的工作很有趣，內(nèi)容是搞清——什么讓人快樂。它是如此有趣，以至看起來沒啥用，尤其是當(dāng)我們面臨一些非常令人沮喪的頭條新聞時(shí)。但結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)研究幸福可能是解決我們面臨的這些難題的鑰匙。我花了快10年時(shí)間才明白這點(diǎn)。

00:35

Pretty early on in my career,I published a paper in "Science" with my collaborators,entitled, "Spending Money on Others Promotes Happiness."I was very confident in this conclusion,except for one thing:it didn't seem to apply to me.

在我職業(yè)的早期階段，我和我的合作者在《科學(xué)》上 發(fā)表了一篇論文，題為“為他人花錢能帶來幸福。”我對(duì)這個(gè)結(jié)論非常有信心，除了一點(diǎn)：它在我身上好像不起作用。

00:52

（笑聲）

00:53

I hardly ever gave money to charity,and when I did,I didn't feel that warm glow I was expecting.So I started to wonder if maybe there was something wrong with my researchor something wrong with me.My own lackluster emotional response to giving was especially puzzlingbecause my follow-up studies revealed that even toddlers exhibited joyfrom giving to others.

我?guī)缀醪唤o慈善組織捐錢，就算當(dāng)我捐款了，我也沒感受到預(yù)期的充實(shí)。于是我開始懷疑 是不是我的研究存在問題或者我本人有什么問題。我自己在給予他人之后感覺很平淡， 這讓我很困惑，因?yàn)槲液罄m(xù)的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)， 即便是蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子也能在給予中感到快樂。

01:24

n one experiment, my colleagues Kiley Hamlin, Lara Aknin and Ibrought kids just under the age of two into the lab.Now, as you might imagine,we had to work with a resource that toddlers really care about,so we used the toddler equivalent of gold,namely, Goldfish crackers.

在一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，我和我的同事 基利·哈姆林、勞拉·阿克寧把不到2歲的孩子帶到實(shí)驗(yàn)室。正像你們想的那樣，我們必須用一些小孩特別喜歡的玩意，所以我們使用了兒童非常喜歡的食物，也就是金魚餅干。

01:43

（笑聲）

01:44

We gave kids this windfall of Goldfish for themselvesand a chance to give some of their Goldfish awayto a puppet named Monkey.

我們給孩子們發(fā)了一筆 “金魚橫財(cái)”，并給他們一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì) 把他們的一部分金魚送給一個(gè)叫猴子的木偶。

01:54

(Video) Researcher: I found even more treats,and I'm going to give them all to you.

（視頻）研究員： 我發(fā)現(xiàn)了更多的糖果，我要把它們都給你。

01:58

Toddler: Ooh. Thank you.

孩子：噢，謝謝你！

02:02

Researcher: But, you know, I don't see any more treats.Will you give one to Monkey?

研究員：你知道嘛， 除了你沒人有糖果了哦。你愿意給猴子一個(gè)嗎？

02:07

Toddler: Yeah. Researcher: Yeah?

孩子：我愿意。 研究員：確定嗎？

02:10

Toddler: Yeah.Here.

孩子：嗯啊。給你。

02:17

Researcher: Ooh, yummy. Mmmm.

研究員：哇~真好吃~嗯~

02:22

Toddler: All gone, he ate it.

孩子：都沒了，他吃光了。

02:25

Elizabeth Dunn: Now, we trained research assistants to watch these videosand code toddlers' emotional reactions.Of course, we didn't tell them our hypotheses.The data revealed that toddlers were pretty happywhen they got this pile of Goldfish for themselves,but they were actually even happierwhen they got to give some of their Goldfish away.

伊麗莎白·鄧恩： 接著，我們培訓(xùn)研究助理觀看這些視頻并記錄兒童的情感反應(yīng)。當(dāng)然，我們并沒有告訴他我們的假設(shè)。數(shù)據(jù)顯示 這些蹣跚學(xué)步的孩子在得到金魚餅干時(shí)非常高興，但當(dāng)他們把一些金魚餅干分享給別人時(shí)，他們更高興。

02:45

And this warm glow of giving persists into adulthood.When we analyzed surveys from more than 200,000 adultsacross the globe,we saw that nearly a third of the world's populationreported giving at least some money to charity in the past month.Remarkably, in every major region of the world,people who gave money to charity were happier than those who did not,even after taking into account their own personal financial situation.And this correlation wasn't trivial.It looked like giving to charitymade about the same difference for happinessas having twice as much income.

這種給予的熱情會(huì)持續(xù)到成年。當(dāng)我們分析來自全球20萬成年人的問卷答案時(shí)，我們看到近1/3的全球人口表示至少在過去一個(gè)月有向慈善組織捐贈(zèng)。值得注意的是， 在全球每一個(gè)主要地區(qū)都是如此：那些向慈善組織捐贈(zèng)的人 要比那些不捐贈(zèng)的人更快樂，即便考慮進(jìn)了他們個(gè)人的經(jīng)濟(jì)情況。這種相關(guān)性并非微不足道。根據(jù)數(shù)據(jù)，給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)捐款對(duì)幸福感的影響，相當(dāng)于你的收入增加了一倍。

03:29

Now, as a researcher,if you're lucky enough to stumble on an effectthat replicates around the world in children and adults alike,you start to wonder:Could this be part of human nature?We know that pleasure reinforces adaptive behaviorslike eating and sexthat help perpetuate our species,and it looked to me like giving might be one of those behaviors.

作為一個(gè)研究員，如果你足夠幸運(yùn)，偶爾發(fā)現(xiàn)這種在全球各地的兒童和 成人身上都能復(fù)制的效應(yīng)，你會(huì)開始好奇：這是人類本質(zhì)的一部分嗎？我們知道快樂能增強(qiáng)適應(yīng)性行為，諸如吃飯和性愛有助于物種延續(xù)，看起來給予可能也屬于這類行為。

03:58

I was really excited about these ideas,and I wrote about them in the "New York Times."One of the people who read this articlewas my accountant.

我對(duì)這些想法非常激動(dòng)，還在《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》寫了想法。其中一個(gè)看到這個(gè)文章的人是我的會(huì)計(jì)。

04:07

（笑聲）

04:10

Yeah.At tax time, I found myself seated across from him,watching as he slowly tapped his penon the charitable giving line of my tax returnwith this look of, like,poorly concealed disapproval.

沒錯(cuò)。報(bào)稅時(shí)，我坐在他對(duì)面，看著他對(duì)著我的納稅申報(bào)單慈善捐贈(zèng)欄的地方慢慢地敲打著筆，帶著一種毫不掩飾的反對(duì)表情。

04:26

（笑聲）

04:28

Despite building my career by showing how great giving can feel,I actually wasn't doing very much of it.So I resolved to give more.

盡管我的工作很多都是在揭示 給予的感覺是多么棒，我其實(shí)很少這么去做。所以我決定付出更多。

04:40

Around that time,devastating stories about the Syrian refugee crisiswere everywhere.I really wanted to help,so I pulled out my credit card.I knew my donations would probably make a difference for someone somewhere,but going to the website of an effective charityand entering my Visa numberstill just didn't feel like enough.

那段時(shí)間，關(guān)于敘利亞難民危機(jī)的毀滅性報(bào)道無處不在。我真的很想給予幫助，于是我掏出我的信用卡。我知道我的捐贈(zèng)或許可以讓 某地方的某個(gè)人改變?nèi)松?，然而打開一個(gè)慈善機(jī)構(gòu)的網(wǎng)站，輸入我的信用卡信息仍然感覺做得不夠。

05:06

That's when I learned about the Group of Five.The Canadian government allows any five Canadiansto privately sponsor a family of refugees.You have to raise enough money to support the familyfor their first year in Canada,and then they literally get on a plane to your city.One of the things that I think is so cool about this programis that no one is allowed to do it alone.And instead of a Group of Five,we ended up partnering with a community organizationand forming a group of 25.After almost two years of paperwork and waiting,we learned that our family would be arriving in Vancouverin less than six weeks.They had four sons and a daughter,so we raced to find them a place to live.We were very lucky to find them a house,but it needed quite a bit of work.So my friends came out on evenings and weekendsand painted and cleaned and assembled furniture.

就在那時(shí)，我了解到了“五人小組”。加拿大政府允許任意五名加拿大人聯(lián)合起來資助一個(gè)難民家庭。你需要募集足夠的錢來支持難民們初到加拿大第一年的費(fèi)用，然后他們就坐飛機(jī)到你們城市。我覺得這個(gè)項(xiàng)目很酷的一個(gè)原因是沒有人可以單獨(dú)行動(dòng)。我們沒有選擇“五人小組”，而是最終與一個(gè)社區(qū)組織合作，組成了一個(gè)25人的小組。在將近2年的手續(xù)辦理和等待后，我們得知我們資助的家庭 將在不到六周的時(shí)間內(nèi)到達(dá)溫哥華。他們有4個(gè)男孩和1個(gè)女孩，所以我們趕緊給他們找地方住。我們很幸運(yùn)給他們找到了房子，但需要花大量的時(shí)間來布置。所以我的朋友們?cè)谕砩虾椭苣﹣矸鬯ⅰ⑶鍧嵑徒M裝家具。

06:09

When the big day came,we filled their fridge with milk and fresh fruitand headed to the airport to meet our family.It was a little overwhelming for everyone,especially the four-year-old.His mother was reunited with her sisterwho had come to Canada earlier through the same program.They hadn't seen each other in 15 years.

當(dāng)那一天終于到來時(shí)，我們?cè)谒麄兊谋淅镅b滿了 牛奶和新鮮水果，然后去機(jī)場(chǎng)迎接他們。這種場(chǎng)面讓每個(gè)人都感覺有點(diǎn)緊張，尤其是那個(gè)四歲的小家伙。他的母親和她的妹妹終于團(tuán)聚了，她的妹妹早些時(shí)候也通過 同樣的項(xiàng)目來到加拿大。她們已經(jīng)有15年沒見過彼此了。

06:35

When you hear that more than 5.6 million refugees have fled Syria,you're faced with this tragedythat the human brain hasn't really evolved to comprehend.It's so abstract.Before, if any of us had been asked to donate 15 hours a monthto help out with the refugee crisis,we probably would have said no.But as soon as we took our family to their new home in Vancouver,we all had the same realization:we were just going to do whatever it took to help them be happy.

當(dāng)你聽說有560多萬 難民逃離敘利亞時(shí)，你所面臨的慘狀已經(jīng)超過了大腦所能夠理解的范圍。它是如此抽象。以前，如果有人被要求 每月捐出15個(gè)小時(shí)來幫助解決難民危機(jī)，我們很可能會(huì)拒絕。但是當(dāng)我們帶我們資助的家庭 去溫哥華的新家時(shí)，我們都有同樣的認(rèn)識(shí)：我們只想盡一切可能讓他們開心。

07:11

This experience made me think a little more deeply about my research.Back in my lab,we'd seen the benefits of giving spikewhen people felt a real sense of connection with those they were helpingand could easily envision the difference they were makingin those individuals' lives.

這個(gè)經(jīng)歷讓我對(duì)我的研究 思考得更深了一層?；氐轿业膶?shí)驗(yàn)室，當(dāng)人們與他們所幫助的人 產(chǎn)生真正的聯(lián)系，以及可以很容易地想象到 這一切能給受助人的生活帶來的改變時(shí)，我們看到了給予幫助的好處。

07:30

For example, in one experiment,we gave participants an opportunity to donate a bit of moneyto either UNICEF or Spread the Net.We chose these charities intentionally,because they were partners and shared the same critically important goalof promoting children's health.But I think UNICEF is just such a big, broad charitythat it can be a little hard to envisionhow your own small donation will make a difference.In contrast, Spread the Net offers donors a concrete promise:for every 10 dollars donated,they provide one bed net to protect a child from malaria.

舉個(gè)例子，在一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，我們?yōu)閰⑴c者提供一個(gè)捐錢給聯(lián)合國(guó)兒童基金會(huì)或 Spread the Net的機(jī)會(huì)。我們有意選擇了這些慈善機(jī)構(gòu)，因?yàn)樗麄兪呛献骰锇椋?有著促進(jìn)兒童健康的同樣至關(guān)重要的目標(biāo)。但我認(rèn)為聯(lián)合國(guó)兒童基金會(huì) 是一個(gè)大而廣的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)，人們會(huì)很難想象你的小小捐贈(zèng)會(huì)產(chǎn)生什么作用。相比之下，Spread the Net 給了捐贈(zèng)者一個(gè)具體承諾：每捐贈(zèng)10美元，他們會(huì)提供一個(gè)蚊帳來保護(hù) 兒童免受瘧疾的侵害。

08:08

We saw that the more money people gave to Spread the Net,the happier they reported feeling afterward.In contrast, this emotional return on investmentwas completely eliminated when people gave money to UNICEF.So this suggests that just giving money to a worthwhile charityisn't always enough.You need to be able to envisionhow, exactly, your dollars are going to make a difference.

我們看到給Spread the Net 捐贈(zèng)越多錢的人，他們事后報(bào)告的快樂也更多。相比之下，當(dāng)人們把錢 捐給聯(lián)合國(guó)兒童基金會(huì)時(shí)，這種情感上的投資回報(bào)就完全消失了。所以這就意味著把錢捐給 一個(gè)有價(jià)值的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)并不足夠。你必須得能夠想象，確切地說，你的錢將如何發(fā)揮作用。

08:38

Of course, the Group of Five program takes this idea to a whole new level.When we first took on this project,we would talk about when the refugees would arrive.Now, we just refer to them as our family.Recently, we took the kids ice skating,and later that day, my six-year-old, Oliver, asked me,"Mommy, who is the oldest kid in our family?"I assumed he was talking about his plethora of cousins,and he was talking about them,but also about our Syrian family.

當(dāng)然，“五人小組”的項(xiàng)目把這個(gè) 想法帶到一個(gè)全新的高度。我們剛開始這個(gè)項(xiàng)目時(shí)，我們會(huì)討論難民何時(shí)到達(dá)?，F(xiàn)在，我們把他們稱作我們的家人。最近，我們帶孩子們?nèi)セ?，那天晚些時(shí)候， 我六歲的兒子奧利弗問我，“媽媽，誰是我們家最大的孩子?”我猜想他指的是他那 一大堆堂兄弟姐妹，他談的是他們，但也包括我們的敘利亞家人。

09:11

Since our family arrived,so many people and organizations have offered to help,providing everything from free dental fillingsto summer camps.It's made me see the goodness that exists in our community.Thanks to one donation,the kids got to go to bike camp,and every day of the week,some member of our group tried to be there to cheer for them.I happened to be therethe day the training wheels were supposed to come off,and let me tell you, the four-year-old did not think this was a good idea.So I went over and talked to himabout the long-term benefits of riding without training wheels.

自從我們的家人抵達(dá)后，很多的個(gè)人和組織提供了幫助，從提供免費(fèi)的口腔牙齦保護(hù)到夏令營(yíng)的一些東西。它讓我看到了存在我們社區(qū)的善良。多一份捐贈(zèng)，讓孩子能夠參加單車夏令營(yíng)，每天都能去，我們組的一些成員都 在那里為他們加油。我碰巧在輔助輪（輔助學(xué)習(xí)騎車） 應(yīng)該被取下的那天到那，我不得不說，這個(gè)四歲的孩子 覺得這不是好主意。所以我過去告訴他關(guān)于不使用輔助輪的長(zhǎng)期好處。

09:52

（笑聲）

09:55

Then I remembered that he was four and barely spoke English.So I reverted to two words he definitely knew:ice cream.You try without training wheels, I'll buy you ice cream.Here's what happened next.

然后我想起他才四歲， 幾乎不會(huì)說英語。于是我回到了他肯定知道的單詞：冰淇淋。你試試不帶訓(xùn)練輪，我給你買冰淇淋。這是接下來發(fā)生的事情。

10:11

(Video) ED: Yes. Yeah!

（視頻）伊麗莎白：是的，對(duì)！

10:13

Kid: I'm gonna try.

孩子：我試試。

10:14

ED: Oh my God! Look at you go!

伊麗莎白：老天，看你騎得多好！

10:16

(Squealing) Look at you go! You're doing it all by yourself!

(尖叫)看你騎得多好！ 完全不需要輔助輪了！

10:19

（觀眾）（笑聲）

10:21

（視頻）伊麗莎白：好樣的！

10:23

（觀眾）（笑聲）

10:25

（鼓掌）

10:29

ED: So this is the kind of helping that human beings evolved to enjoy,but for 40 years,Canada was the only country in the worldthat allowed private citizens to sponsor refugees.

伊麗莎白：享受這種幫助行為 是人類進(jìn)化而來的能力，但是40年來，加拿大是全球唯一一個(gè)允許公民個(gè)人贊助難民的國(guó)家。

10:44

Now -- Canada!

如今——加拿大萬歲！

10:46

（鼓掌）

10:48

好極了。

10:50

Now Australia and the UK are starting up similar programs.Just imagine how different the refugee crisis could lookif more countries made this possible.

現(xiàn)在澳大利亞和英國(guó) 也開始了類似的項(xiàng)目。試想一下，如果更多的國(guó)家 能夠做到這一點(diǎn)，難民危機(jī)將會(huì)變得多么不同。

11:02

Creating these kinds of meaningful connections between individualsprovides an opportunity to deal with challengesthat feel overwhelming.One of those challenges lies just blocks from where I'm standing right now,in the Downtown Eastside of Vancouver.By some measures, it's the poorest urban postal code in Canada.We actually debated whether to bring over a family of refugees,because there are so many people right here already struggling.My friend Evan told me that when he was a kidand his parents drove through this neighborhood,he would duck down in the back seat.But Evan's parents never would have guessedthat when he grew up,he would open up the doors of a local restaurantand invite this community inside to enjoy three-course dinners.The program that Evan helped build is called "Plenty of Plates,"and the goal is not just to provide free mealsbut to create moments of connectionbetween people who otherwise might never make eye contact.Each night, a local business sponsors the dinnerand sends a team of volunteerswho help make and serve the meal.Afterward, the leftovers get distributed to people who are out on the street,and importantly, there's enough money leftto provide a thousand free lunches for this communityin the days that follow.

在個(gè)人之間建立這種有意義的聯(lián)系提供了來應(yīng)對(duì)那些讓人難以承受的挑戰(zhàn)的機(jī)遇。其中一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)就在離我現(xiàn)在所站的 地方幾個(gè)街區(qū)遠(yuǎn)的地方，在溫哥華市中心的東側(cè)。從某些方面來看， 它是加拿大最窮的城市地區(qū)。我們實(shí)際上在討論是否要 把一個(gè)難民家庭帶來，因?yàn)檫@里已經(jīng)有很多人在掙扎。我的朋友埃文告訴我在他小的時(shí)候，他的父母開車穿過這個(gè)街區(qū)，他會(huì)在后座上蹲下身子。但埃文的父母絕不會(huì)猜到當(dāng)他長(zhǎng)大后，他會(huì)打開當(dāng)?shù)剡@家餐廳的門邀請(qǐng)這個(gè)社區(qū)來享受三道菜的晚餐。埃文幫助建立的這個(gè)項(xiàng)目 叫做“很多的盤子”，但其目標(biāo)不僅是提供免費(fèi)午餐，而是在那些從來不會(huì) 彼此有眼神接觸的人中創(chuàng)造連接的機(jī)會(huì)。每個(gè)晚上都有一家本地企業(yè)贊助晚餐，并派出一隊(duì)志愿者幫助制作和遞送晚餐。之后，剩飯剩菜會(huì)分發(fā)給街上的人們，重要的是，還剩下了足夠的錢在接下來的日子里為這個(gè)社區(qū)提供一千份免費(fèi)午餐。

12:23

But the benefits of this program extend beyond food.For the volunteers, it provides an opportunity to engage with people,to sit down and hear their stories.After this experience, one volunteer changed his commuteso that instead of avoiding this neighborhood,he walks through it,smiling or making eye contact as he passes familiar faces.

但這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的益處超出食物本身。對(duì)于志愿者，它提供了 一個(gè)與人互動(dòng)的機(jī)會(huì)，坐下來聽聽他們的故事。在這次經(jīng)歷后，一個(gè)志愿者 改變了他的通勤路線，這樣就不會(huì)避開這個(gè)鄰區(qū)，而是讓他能夠穿過去，當(dāng)他經(jīng)過熟悉的面孔時(shí)， 他們會(huì)對(duì)彼此微笑或通過眼神交流。

12:48

All of us are capable of finding joy in giving.But we shouldn't expect this to happen automatically.Spending money helping others doesn't necessarily promote happiness.Instead, it matters how we do it.And if we want people to give more,we need to subvert the way we think about charitable giving.We need to create opportunities to givethat enable us to appreciate our shared humanity.If any of you work for a charity,don't reward your donors with pens or calendars.

我們都能在給予中找到快樂。但我們不能預(yù)期它會(huì)自動(dòng)發(fā)生。把錢花在別人身上未必帶來幸福感，關(guān)鍵在于我們?nèi)绾巫?。如果我們想讓人們給予更多，就需要顛覆我們對(duì)慈善捐贈(zèng)的看法。我們需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)，使我們能夠欣賞我們共同的人性。如果你們有誰在慈善組織工作，不要用筆或日歷獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)你的捐贈(zèng)者。

13:25

（鼓掌）

13:29

Reward them with the opportunityto see the specific impact that their generosity is havingand to connect with the individuals and communities they're helping.

獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)他們看到他們的慷慨產(chǎn)生的特別作用，還有提供他們與幫助的個(gè)人 和群體之間連接的機(jī)會(huì)。

13:41

We're used to thinking about giving as something we should do.And it is.But in thinking about it this way,we're missing out on one of the best parts of being human:that we have evolved to find joy in helping others.Let's stop thinking about giving as just this moral obligationand start thinking of it as a source of pleasure.

我們習(xí)慣于認(rèn)為給予是 我們應(yīng)該做的事情。的確是這樣的。但這樣想，我們就會(huì)錯(cuò)過人類最好的一面：我們已經(jīng)進(jìn)化到在助人中體會(huì)快樂。讓我們停止把給予 僅僅看作是一種道德義務(wù)，開始把它視作快樂的源泉吧。

14:10

Thank you.

謝謝。

14:11

（鼓掌）