演講MP3+雙語文稿:我們在與饑餓的斗爭中出了什么錯

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[演講者及介紹]Jasmine Crowe

Jasmine Crowe是Goodr的創(chuàng)始人，Goodr是一家以科技為基礎的可持續(xù)食物垃圾管理公司，致力于消除饑餓，節(jié)省垃圾填埋場的食物。

[演講主題]我們在結束饑餓的斗爭中出了什么錯

[中英文字幕]

翻譯者Wanting Zhong 校對者 Kiki Peng

00:12

In June of 2017, I volunteered with a groupat a local food pantry on the south side of my home city in Atlanta, Georgia.It was a Friday afternoon, the day of their weekly food giveaway. And as Idrove up, I saw people beginning to arrive, many with their rolling carts intow, prepared to receive their food supply for the week. As I was walking inthe door, there were about 40 people outside waiting in line. And I was soexcited, because there are very few things I enjoy more than giving back.

2017 年 6 月，我和一群人在我的家鄉(xiāng)佐治亞州亞特蘭大市南邊的一所食品救濟站做志愿者。那是個星期五下午，是每周一次的食品派發(fā)日。當我開車抵達時，我看到人們陸續(xù)到達，很多人都推著他們的小推車，準備領取那一周的食品供應。我走進門的時候，外面大概有 40 人在排隊等待。我非常激動，因為我最喜歡的事情莫過于回贈社會。

00:44

But then, as I entered the room where thevolunteer meeting was taking place, I immediately realized: we weren't about togive these people any real meals. We were essentially just giving them food. Itook my place on the assembly line, where -- get this -- I was in charge ofmaking sure that the Weight Watchers Ding Dongs made it into every family'sbag.

然而，當我走進志愿者會議室，我立刻意識到：我們無法給這些人提供任何一頓像樣的飯。我們本質(zhì)上只是在給他們提供食物。我走到自己在流水線的位置，接下來，聽好了——我負責確保 WW 牌奶油夾心巧克力蛋糕順利進入每一家人的袋子里。

01:04

As the bags started to come around, I'mthinking to myself: What on earth are we doing here? Each bag contained two20-ounce diet Snapples, a gallon of barbecue sauce, a bag of kettle potatochips, a box of superhero-shaped vegetable-enriched macaroni noodles, a box ofbelVita breakfast bars, a can of refried beans, a can of sweet peas, aminiature can of corn, I can't forget about those Ding Dongs and french friedgreen onions, you know, the kind that go on top of a green bean casserole. Andthat was it. We made over a hundred of those bags that day, and people indeedstood in line to receive one. But a feeling came over me; I felt bad and alittle angry. It was like, how could I even feel good about the work that I wasdoing when I knew for a fact that not one meal was to come from the food we hadjust given to over 100 families? I mean, who wants to have a meal with barbecuesauce and Ding Dongs?

當袋子開始傳過來時，我心想：我們到底在這里干什么？每個食品袋都裝有：兩瓶 590 毫升思樂寶低糖飲料，3.8 升燒烤醬，一包手切薯片，一盒超級英雄形狀的添加蔬菜成分的通心粉，一盒貝唯他早餐棒，一罐焗豆泥，一罐甜豌豆，一小罐玉米，我沒法忘記那些奶油夾心蛋糕 以及油炸蔥碎，就是灑在青豆砂鍋煲 （美國感恩節(jié)特色菜品）上面的那種。就這么多。那天我們制作了 超過一百個袋子，人們也的確排隊領取了。但我心中充斥著一種感覺；我覺得很糟糕，還有一點憤怒。當我明知道我們剛剛分配給上百個家庭的那些食物 根本沒法做出一頓飯，我還怎么可能對我的工作 自我感覺良好？ 我的意思是，有誰會想拿 燒烤醬和奶油夾心蛋糕當飯啊？

02:02

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

02:03

And the reality is, I've been part of thisprocess all my life. I've participated in food drives, I've collected canssince I was a kid, I've donated in the grocery store more times than I cancount, I've volunteered at shelters, I've worked in food pantries, and I'msure, like me, so many of you have, too. In 2013, I even created a pop-uprestaurant, called Sunday Soul. And I rented tables and chairs and linens and Iprinted out menus and I took these experiences to alleyways, underneath bridgesand in parks to allow people that were experiencing homelessness to dine withdignity. So I've invested in this fight for quite some time.

而現(xiàn)實是，我一生都在參與這個過程：我參加過食品募捐，我小時候收集過食品罐頭，我給雜貨店捐贈的次數(shù)已經(jīng)數(shù)不過來了，我在收容所做志愿者，我在食品救濟站幫忙，并且我肯定，你們很多人都和我一樣。在 2013 年，我甚至創(chuàng)立了一家叫做“星期日之魂”的限時餐廳。我租來了桌椅和桌布，打印出菜單，并將這種用餐的體驗帶到各個小巷、橋洞、公園中，讓那些無家可歸的人們也能體面地用餐。我已經(jīng)投身這場斗爭不少時日。

02:43

In almost every major US city, the foodbank is viewed as a beloved community institution. Corporations send volunteersdown on a weekly basis to sort through food items and make boxes of food forthe needy. And can drives -- they warm the hearts of schools and officebuildings that participate and fill the shelves of food banks and food pantriesacross the nation. This is how we work to end hunger. And what I've come torealize is that we are doing hunger wrong. We are doing the same things overand over and over again and expecting a different end result. We've created acycle that keeps people dependent on food banks and pantries on a monthly basisfor food that is often not well-balanced and certainly doesn't provide themwith a healthy meal.

在幾乎所有的美國主要城市中，食品救濟站都被視為深受喜愛的社區(qū)機構。公司每周都派送志愿者分揀食物、為需要的人制作一盒盒食品。還有罐頭募捐——這些活動溫暖了參與的學校與公司的心靈，并填滿了全國各地食品倉庫與食品救濟站的貨架。這就是我們努力消除饑餓的方式。而我也漸漸開始意識到，我們對付饑餓的方式是錯誤的。我們在一遍又一遍地重復同樣的做法，卻期盼能獲得不同的結果。我們創(chuàng)造的循環(huán)讓人們月復一月地依賴食品救濟站，依賴往往營養(yǎng)不均衡的食品，肯定無法從中獲得健康的三餐。

03:30

In the US, our approach to doing good, orwhat we call "charity," has actually hindered us from making realprogress. We're educating the world on how many people are food insecure. Thereare television commercials, billboards, massive donations, the engagement ofsome of our biggest celebrities in the fight. But the ever-present reality isthat, even with all of this work, millions of people are still going hungry.And we can do better. Globally, 821 million people are hungry. That's one innine people on this planet.

在美國，我們做好事的途徑，或者說是“慈善”，其實反而阻礙了我們?nèi)〉谜嬲倪M步。我們正在讓世界了解還有多少人缺乏食物保障，包括電視廣告、廣告牌、 大型募捐，以及參與到斗爭中 的一些頗具影響力的名人。但一直存在的現(xiàn)實是，即使投入了這么多努力，仍有數(shù)百萬民眾食不果腹。而我們可以做得更好。全球有 8.21 億人口在挨餓。也就是說地球上每九個人中就有一人吃不飽肚子。

04:03

And here in the United States, nearly 40million people experience hunger every single year, including more than 11million children that go to bed hungry every night. Yet, we're wasting morefood than ever before -- more than 80 billion pounds a year, to be exact. TheEPA estimates that food waste has more than doubled between 1970 and 2017, andnow accounts for 27 percent of everything in our landfills. And as this foodsits, it gradually rots and produces harmful methane gas, a leading contributorto global climate change. We have the waste of the food itself, the waste ofall the money associated with producing this now-wasted food and the waste oflabor with all of the above. And then there's the social inequity betweenpeople who really need food and can't get it and people who have too much andsimply throw it away.

而在美國，每年有約 4 千萬人會歷經(jīng)饑餓，包括超過 1100 萬名每晚饑腸轆轆入睡的兒童。然而，我們對食物的浪費程度前所未有：準確說來，每年浪費的食物數(shù)量超過八百億噸。環(huán)境保護局估計在 1970 年和 2017 年之間，食品浪費翻了不止一倍，現(xiàn)在占據(jù)了垃圾填埋場的 27%。這些食物在放置過程中漸漸腐爛，并產(chǎn)生有害的甲烷氣體，即全球氣候變化的主要原因。我們浪費的不僅是食物本身，還有在生產(chǎn)被浪費食物過程中投入的金錢，以及其中涉及的勞動力。同時，社會不平等現(xiàn)象存在于那些真正需要食物卻無法獲得，以及那些因食物綽綽有余而隨意丟棄的人之間。

04:54

All of this made me realize that hunger wasnot an issue of scarcity but rather a matter of logistics. So in 2017, I setout to end hunger using technology. After all, food delivery apps had begun toexplode on the scene, and I thought surely we can reverse-engineer thistechnology and get food from businesses like restaurants and grocery stores andinto the hands of people in need. I believe that technology and innovation havethe power to solve real problems, especially hunger.

以上種種使我意識到饑餓并不是資源短缺的問題，而是物流統(tǒng)籌的問題。于是在 2017 年，我開始使用科技消除饑餓。畢竟食品快遞應用已經(jīng)呈現(xiàn)爆炸式增長，我覺得我們一定能夠反向運用這項技術，從餐廳與雜貨店之類的商家處獲得食物并送到需要的人們手中。我相信科技與創(chuàng)新有解決現(xiàn)實問題的力量，尤其是饑餓。

05:25

So in 2017, I created an app that wouldinventory everything that a business sells and make it super easy for them todonate this excess food that would typically go to waste at the end of thenight. All the user has to do now is click on an item, tell us how many theyhave to donate, and our platform calculates the weight and the tax value ofthose items at time of donation. We then connect with local drivers in theshared economy to get this food picked up and delivered directly to the doorsof nonprofit organizations and people in need. I provided the data and theanalytics to help businesses reduce food waste at the source by letting themknow the items that they waste repeatedly on a regular basis, and they evensaved millions of dollars. Our mission was simple: feed more, waste less. Andby 2018, our clients included the world's busiest airport, Atlanta's Hartsfield-Jackson,and we were working with brands and corporations like Hormel, Chick-fil-A andPapa John's. We even had the opportunity to work with the NFL for Super BowlLIII. And over the last two years, we've worked with over 200 business todivert more than two million pounds of edible food from landfills into thehands of people that needed it most.

于是在 2017 年，我開發(fā)了一款應用，能夠盤點商家所有販售品的存貨，并能讓他們非常輕松地捐贈過剩的食材，而不是像以往那樣在打烊時丟棄掉。用戶只需要點擊某樣物品，告訴我們想要捐贈的數(shù)量，我的平臺就會計算出這些物品的重量 以及捐贈時的稅額。接下來我們會聯(lián)系 共享經(jīng)濟中的當?shù)厮緳C，讓他們提取這些食物，并直接運送到 非營利機構和需要幫助 的民眾家門口。我提供數(shù)據(jù)和分析 讓企業(yè)了解他們經(jīng)常 反復地浪費了哪些食材，以此幫助企業(yè)在源頭 減少食品浪費，他們甚至得以節(jié)省幾百萬美元。我們的使命很簡單：多喂飽，少浪費。截止 2018 年，我們的客戶包括了世界最繁忙的機場，亞特蘭大的哈茨菲爾德-杰克遜機場，我們也在與荷美爾食品、副樂雞和棒!約翰連鎖餐廳這樣的品牌與公司合作。我們甚至有機會和全美橄欖球聯(lián)盟合作，參與了第 53 屆超級碗。在過去兩年，我們和兩百多家企業(yè)合作，讓超過 200 噸可食用的食品免于進入垃圾填埋場，而是送到了最需要的人們手中。

06:34

(Applause)

（掌聲）

06:35

Thank you.

謝謝。

06:37

(Applause)

（掌聲）

06:43

This has accounted for about 1.7 millionmeals and allowed us to start to expand our efforts to other cities, likeWashington, DC, Chicago, Miami, Philadelphia and more.

這相當于 170 萬頓飯，我們得以開始將業(yè)務拓展到其它城市，例如華盛頓特區(qū)，芝加哥，邁阿密，費城等等。

06:53

That's just one approach that actuallytackles the problem. Another was the launch of our pop-up grocery stores. Werecover excess food from businesses and set up free community grocery storesright in the middle of food deserts. We bring out a chef, and we do on-sitetaste-testings and allow families to leave with recipe cards. We give everyfamily reusable grocery bags and allow them to simply shop minus the price tag.We wanted to give people access to meals and not just food. We wanted to changethe way that we think and work to solve hunger in this country, get people tobelieve that we can solve hunger, not as a nonprofit, not as a food bank but asa social enterprise, with the goal of reducing waste and ending hunger. But ithasn't been as easy as I thought to change the narrative and the thoughtprocess on how we think that hunger can be solved.

這只是其中一種解決問題的方法。另一種方法是創(chuàng)設限時食品雜貨店。我們從商家回收富余食品，在饑餓的重災區(qū)正中心開設免費的社區(qū)食品雜貨店。我們讓廚師烹飪，舉辦現(xiàn)場試吃，并讓家庭帶著食譜離開。我們給每個家庭提供環(huán)保購物袋，讓他們不用在意價格標簽，盡情采購。我們想讓人們獲得一日三餐，而不僅僅是食物。我們想要改變解決這個國家饑餓問題的思考和工作方式，讓人們相信我們能攻克饑餓難題，不是作為非營利機構或是食品救濟站，而是作為一個旨在減少浪費、結束饑餓的社會企業(yè)。但要改變我們對于解決饑餓問題的視角和思考方式，并沒有我想象的那么簡單。

07:41

In 2016, France became the first country toban supermarkets from throwing away unused food. Instead, they must donate it,and they're fined if they don't.

在 2016 年，法國成為了第一個禁止超市丟棄未使用食物的國家。超市必須捐贈這些食物，否則將會面臨罰款。

07:51

Yes.

7:51

沒錯。

07:52

(Applause)

（掌聲）

07:56

In 2017, Italy followed suit, becoming thesecond European nation to pass an anti-food-waste ban. And they stated it sosimply as it was passed through legislation: "We have millions of poundsof good food going to waste, and we have poor people that are goinghungry." That simple.

2017 年，意大利效仿，成為了第二個通過 禁止食品浪費法案 的歐洲國家。而在通過立法時，他們的陳述如此簡單： “我們浪費了數(shù)百噸優(yōu)質(zhì)食品，但我們的窮人還填不飽肚子。” 就這么簡單。

08:13

Denmark now has a mandated food wastegrocery store. Its name: Wefood. They recover excess food from local grocerystores and sell it at up to a 50 percent off discount. They then use all theproceeds and donate it to emergency aid programs and social need issues for thepeople in need. It has been hailed as "the Goodwill of grocery."

丹麥現(xiàn)在開設了過剩食物的專門店，叫做威福（Wefood）。他們從當?shù)氐氖称冯s貨店回收過剩食物，并以最高可達五折的折扣販售。他們將全部所得捐贈給緊急援助項目 以及幫助有需求群體的公益項目。威福被譽為“食品界的 Goodwill”。【注：美國二手商店，致力公益】

08:34

And last year, the world got its firstpay-what-you-can grocery store, when Feed it Forward opened in Toronto. Theirshelves remain stocked by recovering excess food from major supermarkets andallowing families to simply pay what they can at their grocery store.

去年，世界首家“給錢就賣”雜貨店 Feed it Forward 在多倫多開業(yè)?！咀ⅲ阂鉃椤鞍殉缘膫鬟f出去”】他們的貨架上放滿了從各大超市回收的富余食品，讓在店里購物的家庭能付多少錢就看著給。

08:51

This is amazing. This innovation we needmore of. Everyone can take on the roles of changing the attitudes about how wesolve hunger. When we think of how we've allowed innovation and technology tochange our lives, from how we communicate with each other to how we view ourentertainment to how we even receive food, it's amazing that we haven't solvedhunger yet. We literally have cars that can drive themselves and millions ofpeople that cannot feed themselves. With millions of dollars being donated toend food insecurity, we should've solved hunger years ago. And I asked myself--

這真是了不起。我們需要更多這樣的創(chuàng)新。每個人都能為改變對待如何緩解饑餓的態(tài)度出一份力。想想我們?nèi)绾稳斡蓜?chuàng)新與科技 改變了我們的生活，從溝通方式，到對娛樂的看法，甚至到我們獲得食物的途徑；相比之下，我們依然還沒有攻克饑餓就顯得很不可思議。我們甚至有能夠自主駕駛的汽車，卻還有數(shù)百萬人沒法喂飽自己。為了結束食物無保障的狀況已經(jīng)捐贈了幾百萬美元，我們早在多年前就理應解決好饑餓問題了。于是我問自己——

09:27

(Applause)

（掌聲）

09:31

I asked myself, why can't we escape thisvicious cycle? Why haven't we solved this problem? I remember meeting withinvestors and pitching the idea, trying to raise funds for my business, and oneof them said to me, in true seriousness, "Hunger is already beingsolved," as if millions of people weren't going to go to bed hungry thatvery night, and as if there was nothing else to do. And the reality is, onewould think that hunger is being solved, but the truth is, it's being workedon.

我問自己，為什么我們無法逃離這個惡性循環(huán)？為什么我們還沒有解決這個問題？我記得和投資者會面，介紹我的想法，試圖為我的事業(yè)籌措資金，而其中一位投資者非常嚴肅地對我說，“饑餓問題已經(jīng)被解決了”，仿佛那一晚的幾百萬人并沒有餓著肚子入睡，仿佛我們已經(jīng)沒有什么要做的了。而現(xiàn)實是，有人或許以為饑餓問題已被攻克，而真相是，它依舊是一個亟待解決的問題。

09:57

If we really want to solve hunger, then wehave to change the way we've been doing it. The same actions will always garnerthe same results. There are hundreds of social entrepreneurs all over theworld. They have a focus to solve really big problems, like hunger, but they'llnever get the same support that we give national hunger-fighting organizationsand food banks. But, if given the opportunity, they have the ability to fosterinsight and perhaps be forward-thinking enough to solve this problem.

如果我們真的想攻克饑餓，就必須改變一貫的處理方式。同樣的做法只會帶來同樣的結果。世界上有幾百名社會企業(yè)家。他們專注于解決非常重大的問題，比如饑餓，但他們永遠不會得到和全國消除饑餓組織及食品救濟站同樣規(guī)模的支持。但如果有機會，他們能夠培養(yǎng)洞察力，或許有足夠的遠見能夠解決這個問題。

10:24

That's why I'm traveling the world and I'mreally talking about what hunger looks like in America and explaining thedifference between giving people access to food and access to meals. I've beenmeeting with city council members and city organizers across the US and tellingthem that technology indeed does have the power to connect businesses withsurplus food to people in need, and explaining to them what a meal can actuallymean to a family. I've been meeting with school boards and school districts totalk about how we feed hungry children, and health care organizations, sharingthe message that food is health, and food is life, and that, by solving hunger,we can solve so many more problems.

正因如此，我才環(huán)游世界，講述美國饑餓的面貌，并解釋給人們提供食物如何有別于給人們提供三餐。我同全美各地的市政府成員與城市組織者會面，告訴他們科技的確有能力將食品富余的企業(yè)和有需求的民眾聯(lián)結，并向他們解釋一頓飯對一個家庭的實際意義。我同學校董事會以及學區(qū)負責人會面，探討我們?nèi)绾挝癸栶囸I的兒童；我同醫(yī)療組織會面，分享這樣的訊息：食物即是健康，食物即是生命，通過解決饑餓，我們能夠解決其它更多問題。

11:01

So if we want to know that we don't live ina nation where perfectly good food goes to waste when our neighbors don't havefood to eat, then we need to change the laws. We need to introduce newpolicies, and, most importantly, we need to change our minds and our actions.Food drives are fine. Food banks serve a huge purpose. And yes, sometimes Ilike Ding Dongs, too. But the reality is that food drives do not solve hunger.And if we are smart about connecting the dots that are right in front of ournoses, we can do far more than give a family a box of superhero-shapedvegetable-enriched macaroni noodles and a gallon of barbecue sauce to feedthemselves. Instead, we can give them back their dignity. Perhaps we canincrease school attendance in schools. We can improve the health outcomes formillions. And, most importantly, we can reduce food waste in our landfills,creating a better environment for all of us.

所以如果我們想要確保我們生活的國家 不會讓優(yōu)質(zhì)食物白白浪費，不會讓我們的鄰居食不果腹，那么我們需要改變法律。我們需要引進新的政策，最重要的是，我們需要改變我們的思考與行為。食品募捐沒有問題。食品救濟站意義重大。沒錯，有時候我也喜歡吃奶油夾心巧克力蛋糕。但現(xiàn)實是，食品募捐無法解決饑餓問題。如果我們能動動腦子，把就在鼻子跟前的點串聯(lián)成線，我們能做的就遠遠不止于給一個家庭提供一盒超級英雄形狀的添加蔬菜成分的通心粉和 3.8 升燒烤醬，讓他們以此充饑。與之相反，我們能還給他們尊嚴?；蛟S我們能增加學校的出勤率。我們能改善幾百萬人的健康。最重要的是，我們能減少垃圾填埋場中的食品浪費，為大家創(chuàng)造更好的環(huán)境。

11:54

The thing I love most is that we can feelgood about it in the process. If we solve hunger, we have nothing to lose andeverything to gain. So let's do it.

最美妙的是，在這過程中我們能感覺良好。解決饑餓有百利而無一害。那就讓我們行動吧！

12:03

Thank you.

謝謝。

12:05

(Applause)

（掌聲）

12:07

Thank you.

謝謝。