演講MP3+雙語文稿:以社會(huì)服務(wù)的形式還貸如何改變社區(qū)面貌

聽力課堂TED音頻欄目主要包括TED演講的音頻MP3及中英雙語文稿，供各位英語愛好者學(xué)習(xí)使用。本文主要內(nèi)容為演講MP3+雙語文稿:以社會(huì)服務(wù)的形式還貸如何改變社區(qū)面貌，希望你會(huì)喜歡！

【演講者及介紹】Angie Murimirwa

作為CAMFED（女性教育運(yùn)動(dòng)）的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，教育活動(dòng)家Angie Murimirwa決心消除非洲女學(xué)生在尋求教育方面面臨的巨大障礙。

【演講主題】以社會(huì)服務(wù)的形式還貸如何改變社區(qū)面貌

How repaying loans with social service transforms communities

【中英文字幕】

翻譯者Huilin Yang 校對(duì)者Yolanda Zhang

00:19

Most of you will know about the challenges faced by my beloved continent, Africa. Too many people are poor. Millions of girls don't have access to school. And there aren't enough jobs for the rapidly growing population. Every day, 33,000 new young people join the search for employment. That's 12 million for three million formal jobs. In sub-Saharan Africa, less than one in four young people are likely to get waged or salaried work. The chances of making a secure living are even slimmer for poor and rural young women. They cannot afford an education. And they do not have the same access to wages, loans or land as men. This leaves entire communities trapped in a vicious cycle of poverty, inequality and hopelessness.

接下來你們會(huì)了解到， 我深愛的非洲大陸面臨著的種種挑戰(zhàn)。 貧困人口太多， 數(shù)百萬的女孩無法上學(xué)。 人口高速增長，職位供不應(yīng)求。 每一天， 都有 3.3 萬個(gè)新人加入找工作的行列。 1200 萬人競爭 300 萬個(gè)工作崗位。 在撒哈拉以南的非洲， 僅不到四分之一的年輕人 有機(jī)會(huì)得到帶薪工作。 謀生的機(jī)會(huì) 對(duì)于那些貧窮的農(nóng)村婦女來說 更是十分渺茫。 她們負(fù)擔(dān)不起教育的費(fèi)用， 也無法像男人一樣獲得工資、貸款 或土地。 這使整個(gè)社區(qū)陷入到 一種貧窮、不平等和 絕望的惡性循環(huán)中。

01:17

But I'm not here to narrate the doom and gloom, because we also know that a youthful population presents an opportunity to kick-start economic growth and solve global challenges. And in fact, there is a growing movement in Africa, of educated young women, who are stepping up and using the power of their network and a tool we call social interest to uplift communities.

但是我站在這里，不是為了 抱怨現(xiàn)狀和傳遞負(fù)面情緒的， 因?yàn)槲覀円仓溃贻p群體 代表著拯救經(jīng)濟(jì) 和解決世界挑戰(zhàn)的機(jī)會(huì)。 實(shí)際上， 非洲有越來越多受過教育的 年輕女性組織或參與了 一項(xiàng)社會(huì)運(yùn)動(dòng)，并利用她們的網(wǎng)絡(luò)力量 和我們稱之為“社會(huì)利益”的工具 來發(fā)展社區(qū)。

01:45

I'm one of the leaders of the organization behind this movement. An organization that also supported me through school. And I have seen social interest multiply the impact of our work. Social interest is a way to pay back interest on a loan through service, rather than dollars. Sharing time and knowledge through mentoring, academic support, business training to others in need. This means the impact of a loan is felt not by one, but by many.

這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)背后的組織 由我和其他一些人領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。 這個(gè)組織也通過學(xué)校對(duì)我提供了支持。 同時(shí)我也看到，社會(huì)利益 擴(kuò)大了我們工作的影響力。 社會(huì)利益是償還 貸款利息的一種方式—— 通過社會(huì)服務(wù)來償還，而非美元。 授業(yè)解惑， 提供學(xué)術(shù)指導(dǎo)， 通過商業(yè)培訓(xùn)去幫助 那些有需要的人—— 這意味著信貸模式影響著集體而非個(gè)人。

02:22

Through this system, we've been able to help and send more and more girls to school, support them while they are there, help them start businesses and ultimately, lead in their communities -- all while providing funding for the next generation. Social interest can be used to supercharge any movement where the benefits can be paid forward.

通過這樣的系統(tǒng)， 我們得以幫助更多的女孩接受教育， 提供在校支持， 創(chuàng)業(yè)指導(dǎo)， 最終，在引領(lǐng)社區(qū)的同時(shí)， 為下一代人儲(chǔ)備資金。 社會(huì)利益可以被用來 推動(dòng)任何可以帶來利益的運(yùn)動(dòng)。

02:46

Let me give you an example. Stumai from rural Tanzania, tragically lost her father when she was just three years old. Leaving a disabled mother to single-handedly raise her and her five siblings. Once Stumai completed primary school, she was about to drop out of school and become one of the 92 percent of girls in sub-Saharan Africa that never finish high school. Instead, she got lucky. She got support from a nonprofit that paid her fees and kept her in school.

我舉個(gè)例子。 來自坦桑尼亞農(nóng)村地區(qū)的 Stumai， 三歲喪父， 她和五個(gè)兄弟姐妹由患有殘疾的母親 一手撫養(yǎng)長大。 Stumai 小學(xué)畢業(yè)時(shí)， 差點(diǎn)就像 撒哈拉以南非洲 92％ 的女孩一樣， 沒有機(jī)會(huì)讀完高中。 然而，她是幸運(yùn)的。 她得到了一個(gè)非營利組織的資助， 讓她得以繼續(xù)學(xué)業(yè)。

03:18

But upon graduating high school, she faced a daunting challenge of what's next. She knew she had to start her own business to survive. And to help her mother, who had tried so hard to keep her in school by selling her only assets, a stack of corrugated iron sheets she had been saving in the hope of building a better home for her children. Stumai also knew she wouldn’t get a loan from a traditional bank, which generally considers young, rural women like her, without land or assets, unbankable.

但當(dāng)她高中畢業(yè)時(shí)， 又面臨了下一輪艱巨的挑戰(zhàn)。 她知道她必須通過創(chuàng)業(yè)來謀生。 來幫助自己的母親， 那個(gè)為了送她上學(xué) 而傾其所有的母親， 那個(gè)存了一堆鐵皮， 只為給孩子們一個(gè)更好的家的母親。 Stumai 也知道她無法從銀行貸款， 像她這樣的年輕農(nóng)村女性， 沒有固定資產(chǎn)，不會(huì)有銀行提供貸款的。

03:53

Through a special group of lending partners, she secured 350 dollars to start a food shop, selling vegetables, oil, rice, tomatoes, onions and beans. Fellow network members helped to train her on basic business skills, like creating a business plan, working out profits, marketing, keeping business records and the value of savings. And the business took off. She repaid the original loan within eight months, and then borrowed 2,000 dollars to start a motorcycle taxi and courier business.

通過一個(gè)特殊的借貸組織， 她拿到了 350 美元， 開了一家食品店， 賣蔬菜，食用油， 米， 番茄，洋蔥和豆子。 在資深成員的幫助下， 她提升了基本業(yè)務(wù)技能， 比如制定業(yè)務(wù)計(jì)劃， 計(jì)算利潤，營銷推廣， 記錄業(yè)務(wù) 和營收。 她的生意逐漸步入正軌。 她在八個(gè)月內(nèi)還清了原有的債務(wù)， 然后又借了 2000 美元， 開始做摩托計(jì)程車和快遞生意。

04:29

Stumai now owns two motorcycles and employs two people. And she has been able to purchase land and build a house, and the business continues to grow from strength to strength.

Stumai 現(xiàn)在擁有兩輛摩托車 和兩名員工。 她有能力買地建房了， 與此同時(shí)，業(yè)務(wù)也在不斷增長， 生意越來越好。

04:43

Stumai repaid her interest in social interest. She paid social interest by providing mentoring to girls in a local high school. She volunteered weekly as a learner guide, delivering a life skills and well-being curriculum that helps children gain the confidence to ask questions, care for and support each other, learn about health and nutrition, set goals and learn how to achieve them. Stumai says her greatest reward is witnessing the girls she mentors start to believe in themselves and succeeding.

Stumai 用社會(huì)利益 償還了貸款利息—— 她所支付的社會(huì)利益 是通過指導(dǎo)當(dāng)?shù)嘏咧猩鷣韺?shí)現(xiàn)的。 她每周自愿進(jìn)行一次學(xué)習(xí)輔導(dǎo)， 傳遞生活技能和福利課程， 來幫助孩子們建立自信， 讓她們敢于提出問題， 相互扶持， 了解健康與營養(yǎng)， 建立目標(biāo)并學(xué)習(xí)如何實(shí)現(xiàn)它們。 Stumai 說她最大的收獲是 親眼目睹了那些被她輔導(dǎo)過的女孩 開始相信自己并且正在走向成功。

05:21

These days, Stumai also trains other learner guides. That's multiplying the number of girls making it through school and into secure livelihoods like she did. Through her business profits, she has been able to support her siblings, three nieces and nephews and other children in her community to go to school. She also regularly supports other network members. For example, a young woman studying for a diploma in community development. In the past two years, Stumai helped her with money for bus fare, for sanitary pads, for soap and encouraged her to keep going. Stumai spends 370 dollars a year supporting the education of others. That's 17 percent of her gross earnings from her motorcycle business. This is the power of social interest.

這些天， Stumai 也開始 培訓(xùn)新的學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)員們。 這使得越來越多的女生 能夠像她一樣步入學(xué)校， 過上安穩(wěn)的生活。 通過做生意賺到的錢， 她得以幫助自己的兄弟姐妹， 三個(gè)侄子侄女和社區(qū)里的其他兒童 進(jìn)入學(xué)校。 她也經(jīng)常定期幫助其他成員。 例如： 一位年輕女子正在攻讀 社區(qū)發(fā)展專業(yè)的文憑。 在過去的兩年中， Stumai 為她提供了交通費(fèi)用、 女性衛(wèi)生用品和清潔用品， 并鼓勵(lì)她勇往直前。 Stumai 每年花費(fèi) 370 美元 來扶持教育事業(yè)。 那是她經(jīng)營摩托車業(yè)務(wù)毛收入的 17%。 這就是社會(huì)利益的力量。

06:18

Stumai's example shows that if you help one girl, not only to go to school, but graduate and start a business, she can in turn make a giant difference in the lives of others and her community. Had Stumai paid back interest on her loan in dollars, her success might have been felt by her and her immediate family, but because she paid interest as social interest, the impact was felt by her mentees, her nieces, nephews, her employees and so many others around her. Stumai is just one example of many.

Stumai 的例子告訴我們， 如果你幫助了一個(gè)女孩， 不止是送她進(jìn)入學(xué)校， 甚至幫助她順利畢業(yè)，創(chuàng)業(yè)， 作為回饋，她將為社區(qū)中 其他人的命運(yùn)帶來巨大的改變。 如果 Stumai 以美元的形式 償還了貸款利息， 她的成功也許給人感覺 跟她的家庭有關(guān)， 但正因?yàn)樗怯蒙鐣?huì)利益的形式 償還了貸款利息， 這種影響得以被傳遞給她的學(xué)員， 她的侄子、侄女，她的員工， 以及她身邊的很多人。 Stumai 只是眾多例子中的一個(gè)。

06:58

Today, we have 7,000 learner guides like Stumai, working across Malawi, Tanzania, Ghana, Zambia and Zimbabwe. And collectively, they've helped children do better in school. The girls we work with are nearly three times less likely to drop out of school, because learner guides make home visits when girls fail to attend school to help them back on track. They also work with communities and district governments to address the challenges children face, including preventing or annulling child marriages, connecting children facing hunger or hardship at home with local support, or running study groups so that children who might be lagging behind in their studies can get supporters and catch up. They act as trusted sisters, friends and guardians.

今天，我們有七千多個(gè) 像 Stumai 一樣的學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)員， 她們分布在馬拉維、 坦桑尼亞、加納、贊比亞 和津巴布韋等地工作。 通過她們的共同努力， 孩子們得以在學(xué)校里更好的學(xué)習(xí)， 讓這些受到幫助的女孩 輟學(xué)的可能性 降低了三倍。 因?yàn)閷W(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)員會(huì)在 女孩缺勤的時(shí)候進(jìn)行家訪， 幫助她們重返校園。 她們也會(huì)跟社區(qū)和區(qū)域政府合作， 一起解決兒童所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)， 包括制止或廢除童婚， 對(duì)饑餓兒童和貧困兒童 進(jìn)行幫扶， 或組織學(xué)習(xí)小組， 幫助那些跟不上教學(xué)進(jìn)度的孩子 迎頭趕上。 她們是互相信賴的姐妹， 朋友和監(jiān)護(hù)人。

07:53

So far, nearly 6,300 network members have borrowed close to three million dollars, with a repayment rate of those loans at consistently above 95 percent. And our 140,000 members, they have invested their own resources to support and send over 937,000 children to primary and secondary school. Every young woman we work with supports, on average, another three children outside of her immediate family to go to school. All without additional money from us.

至今為止，約 6300 名成員 借了近 300 萬美元， 償還率持續(xù)保持在 95％ 以上。 與此同時(shí)，我們的 14 萬名成員 也投入了自己的資源， 去支持和幫助 超過 93.7 萬名兒童進(jìn)入到中小學(xué)。 我們合作過的每一位女性 在直系親屬之外， 平均還支持了 3 個(gè)兒童 進(jìn)入學(xué)校。 所有這些行動(dòng)都沒有 跟我們申請(qǐng)額外的資金。

08:36

We are building a powerful force. Gaining ever greater momentum as we open the door for more and more girls to go to school, succeed, lead and in turn, support thousands more. This system, supporting those once excluded to transform their lives and then step up for others, can work for more than girls' education. Of course, you need to get your money back if you lend it. But instead of demanding interest in dollars, can you consider using social interest instead?

我們正打造出一股強(qiáng)大的力量。 隨著我們?yōu)樵絹碓蕉嗟?女孩打開大門， 幫助她們上學(xué)、獲得成功、 發(fā)揮領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用， 她們也反過來 支持成千上萬的女孩， 我們也從中獲得了越來越大的動(dòng)力。 這個(gè)系統(tǒng) 幫助著那些曾經(jīng)游離在 社會(huì)邊緣的人去改變命運(yùn)， 然后為他人挺身而出， 其作用遠(yuǎn)不止停留在女性教育層面。 當(dāng)然，你需要收回你曾借出的錢。 但是相比用美元計(jì)算利息， 你是否可以考慮 用社會(huì)利益作為償付方式？

09:13

For example, could young people pass on the skills they learned in training colleges? Like Michelle, who teaches brickmaking in rural Zimbabwe. Or Louisa, who is training others on climate-smart agriculture in Malawi. Or Fatima in Ghana, who is training women to help deliver babies where expectant mothers might not be able to make it to the local hospital on time.

例如： 年輕人能不能 在技校授人以漁？ 像 Michelle 那樣， 在津巴布韋偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)教授制磚方法。 或 Louisa, 在馬拉維培訓(xùn)人們進(jìn)行 氣候智能型農(nóng)耕。 又或者像加納的 Fatima, 教授女性在那些準(zhǔn)媽媽 來不及趕到當(dāng)?shù)蒯t(yī)院的時(shí)候 如何幫助接生。

09:42

When I was growing up, an elder in my village in rural Zimbabwe once described the challenges I faced in going to school. She said, "Those who harvest many pumpkins often do not have the clay pots to cook them in."

在我小的時(shí)候， 我所在的津巴布韋村莊里的一個(gè)老人 曾經(jīng)描述過我在上學(xué)時(shí)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。 她說， “那些收獲了很多南瓜的人 通常沒有陶鍋?zhàn)鲲?。?/p>

10:00

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

10:02

What she meant was that, although I got the best possible results in my exams when I finished elementary school, my talent was of no value if my family could not afford to pay for me to continue my education. Well, with this system, we are not just providing pots, or making a single meal out of the pumpkins. After all, there are hundreds of seeds in a single pumpkin. We are saving the seeds, planting them and nurturing every one of them. And the result? A virtual cycle of prosperity, equality and hope, led by young women. Because together, we are shaking up the world. Pamoja tunaweza -- that's Swahili for my network motto: "Together we can!"

她想表達(dá)的意思是， 當(dāng)我讀完小學(xué)， 即使我在所有的考試中 拿到最好的成績， 如果我的父母付不起 我接下來上學(xué)的錢， 我的所學(xué)也會(huì)毫無價(jià)值。 然而，有了這個(gè)系統(tǒng)， 我們不止可以提供陶鍋， 或用南瓜做一頓飯—— 畢竟， 一個(gè)南瓜里有幾百顆種子—— 我們還能收集種子， 進(jìn)行播種， 精心培育每一顆幼苗。 結(jié)果是什么呢？ 一個(gè)由年輕女性主導(dǎo)的， 處處體現(xiàn) 繁榮、平等和希望的 虛擬循環(huán)。 因?yàn)閳F(tuán)結(jié)起來， 我們正在改變世界。 “Pamoja tunaweza”—— 這是斯瓦西里語中 我的座右銘：“眾志成城！”

11:00

Thank you.

謝謝大家。

11:01

(Applause)

（掌聲）