VOA慢速英語：非洲呼吁更多文物歸還

African countries have reclaimed many historic objects, called artifacts, from European countries.
非洲國(guó)家從歐洲國(guó)家回收了許多歷史文物。
 
Recently, Nigeria and Germany signed a deal for the return of hundreds of artifacts known as the Benin Bronzes. The deal followed French President Emmanuel Macron's decision last year to sign over 26 pieces known as the Abomey Treasures. Those are valuable artworks from the 19th century Dahomey kingdom in present-day Benin.
最近，尼日利亞和德國(guó)簽署了一項(xiàng)協(xié)議，將歸還數(shù)百件被稱為貝寧青銅器的文物。去年，法國(guó)總統(tǒng)埃馬紐埃爾·馬克龍決定簽署26件被稱為“阿波美珍寶”的藝術(shù)品。這些都是來自19世紀(jì)達(dá)荷美王國(guó)的珍貴藝術(shù)品，位于今天的貝寧。
 
But many artifacts are still missing and some countries have also been resistant to returning them.
但許多文物仍然下落不明，一些國(guó)家也拒絕歸還它們。
 
One such object is an eight-legged seat from the old kingdom in Uganda. The important artifact now sits at a museum thousands of kilometers away in Britain.
其中一個(gè)是烏干達(dá)古王國(guó)的八足座椅。這件重要的文物現(xiàn)在位于數(shù)千公里外的英國(guó)博物館中。
 
The wooden seat is housed at the University of Oxford. It is one of at least 279 objects there taken from the Bunyoro-Kitara kingdom during colonial times. Oxford has fought off attempts to have the artifact taken back to Uganda, saying it was donated to the university.
這個(gè)木制座椅收藏于牛津大學(xué)。它是殖民時(shí)期從布約洛-基塔拉王國(guó)帶走的至少279件物品之一。牛津大學(xué)拒絕了將該文物帶回烏干達(dá)的企圖，稱其是捐贈(zèng)給牛津大學(xué)的。
 
Apollo John Rwamparo is a deputy prime minister of Uganda. He urged the British to do "like the French and the Germans have done and return the artifacts."
阿波羅·約翰·魯萬帕羅是烏干達(dá)副總理。他敦促英國(guó)人“像法國(guó)人和德國(guó)人那樣，歸還文物”。
 
Uganda officials are preparing to meet in November with the University of Cambridge in Britain. The school has an unknown number of artifacts from Africa. It recently returned a bronze cockerel to Nigeria.
烏干達(dá)官員正準(zhǔn)備在 11 月與英國(guó)劍橋大學(xué)會(huì)面。這所學(xué)校有數(shù)量不詳?shù)膩碜苑侵薜奈奈?。它最近將一只青銅公雞歸還給了尼日利亞。
 
But London's British Museum has been hard to negotiate with, said Rose Mwanja Nkaale. She is Uganda's commissioner for museums and monuments. "We can start with those that are willing to cooperate. It is not useful to fight these people."
但羅斯·姆萬賈·恩卡勒說，倫敦的大英博物館一直很難協(xié)商。她是烏干達(dá)博物館和紀(jì)念碑的專員。“我們可以從那些愿意合作的人開始，與這些人打架是沒有用的。”
 
The British Museum holds a large collection from across Africa. It is protected by a 1963 law preventing the museum from returning artifacts unless the objects are considered unfit or useless. Some African officials believe that law is increasingly weak as other nations have been more open to returning them.
大英博物館收藏了大量來自非洲各地的藏品。它受到1963年一項(xiàng)法律的保護(hù)，該法律禁止博物館歸還文物，除非這些文物被認(rèn)為是不適合或無用的。一些非洲官員認(rèn)為，隨著其他國(guó)家對(duì)歸還文物的態(tài)度更加開放，這條法律的約束力越來越薄弱。
Abba Isa Tijani is director-general of Nigeria's National Commission for Museums and Monuments. He said Nigeria is pressuring Britain and other countries to change the laws permitting the return of disputed collections. But he expressed concern that while some countries are starting to open up, in Britain such efforts "have not even started."
Abba Isa Tijani 是尼日利亞國(guó)家博物館和紀(jì)念碑委員會(huì)的總干事。他說，尼日利亞正在向英國(guó)和其他國(guó)家施壓，要求修改允許歸還有爭(zhēng)議的藏品的法律。但他表示擔(dān)心，雖然一些國(guó)家開始開放，但在英國(guó)，這種努力“甚至還沒有開始”。
 
Many of the artifacts from Africa cannot even be found. That led to an organization started by late Congolese art collector Sindika Dokolo. It offers to buy stolen African art from collections in foreign countries. By 2020, when Dokolo died, his group had successfully recovered 15 items.
許多來自非洲的文物甚至都找不到，促使一個(gè)由已故的剛果藝術(shù)收藏家Sindika Dokolo成立的組織。它提供從國(guó)外收藏的被盜非洲藝術(shù)品。到2020年Dokolo去世時(shí)，他的團(tuán)隊(duì)已經(jīng)成功找回了15件物品。
 
However, recovery of artifacts remains a struggle for African governments. And the African Union has put the return of stolen cultural property up for discussion. The union aims to soon have a common policy on the issue.
然而，對(duì)非洲各國(guó)政府來說，追回文物仍然是一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)。非洲聯(lián)盟已經(jīng)將歸還被盜文化財(cái)產(chǎn)的問題提上了討論的日程。工會(huì)的目標(biāo)是很快就這個(gè)問題制定出一個(gè)共同的政策。
 
Zimbabwe has pushed for the return of about 3,000 artifacts from Britain. They include weapons as well as the skulls of fighters who fought against colonialism. Their heads were cut off and shipped away as war prizes.
津巴布韋敦促英國(guó)歸還約3000件文物。其中包括武器和反抗殖民主義的戰(zhàn)士的頭骨。他們的頭被砍下來作為戰(zhàn)利品運(yùn)走。
 
Talks between British and Zimbabwean officials have produced no big agreement. But the issue is so important for Zimbabwe that President Emmerson Mnangagwa last year suggested an exchange. Zimbabwe would return the remains of colonialist Cecil Rhodes, who is buried in the country. In return, Zimbabwe would receive the remains of the fighters.
英國(guó)和津巴布韋官員之間的會(huì)談沒有達(dá)成任何重大協(xié)議。但這個(gè)問題對(duì)津巴布韋來說非常重要，以至于埃默森·姆南加古瓦總統(tǒng)去年建議交換。津巴布韋將歸還埋在該國(guó)的殖民主義者塞西爾羅德斯的遺體。作為回報(bào)，津巴布韋將收到戰(zhàn)士們的遺體。
 
Rwanda recently made an agreement with its former colonial occupier, Belgium. The deal included the sharing of digital copies of over 4,000 songs and other recordings kept at the Royal Museum for Central Africa outside Brussels.
盧旺達(dá)最近與它的前殖民占領(lǐng)者比利時(shí)達(dá)成了一項(xiàng)協(xié)議。該協(xié)議包括分享存放在布魯塞爾外的中非皇家博物館的4000多首歌曲的數(shù)字副本和其他錄音。。
 
But the location of the remains of one of Rwanda's last kings, Yuhi Musinga, is a serious issue in the East African country. Many Rwandans believe the body of Musinga, who resisted the Belgians and died in Congo, was sent to Belgium.
但在這個(gè)東非國(guó)家，盧旺達(dá)最后一位國(guó)王尤希·穆辛加 (Yuhi Musinga) 的遺體位置仍是一個(gè)激烈的問題。許多盧旺達(dá)人認(rèn)為，抵抗比利時(shí)人并死于剛果的穆辛加的遺體就在比利時(shí)。
 
Antoine Nyagahene is a professor of history at Rwanda's Gitwe University. He said there should be some justice in that case.
Antoine Nyagahene 是盧旺達(dá)吉特威大學(xué)的歷史教授。他說在這種情況下應(yīng)該有一些正義。
 
"We were robbed of our cultural values and, as you know, a people without roots are a people without a soul," he said.
“我們被剝奪了文化價(jià)值，眾所周知，沒有根的民族就是沒有靈魂的民族。”他說。
 
I'm Dan Novak.
丹·諾瓦克報(bào)道。