2022年12月08日 VOA慢速英語：舊金山撤回允許武裝警察機器人的決定

 

The city of San Francisco has put a policy on hold that would permit police to deploy armed robots to deal with emergency situations.
舊金山市暫停了一項允許警察部署武裝機器人來處理緊急情況的政策。
 
The city's Board of Supervisors voted eight to three last week to approve the measure. On Tuesday, however, the board voted to temporarily ban the use of such robots. Board members sent the issue back to a committee for more discussion. They could vote on a new measure in the future permitting use of armed robots.
該市監(jiān)事會上周以八票對三票通過了該措施。然而，周二，董事會投票決定暫時禁止使用此類機器人。董事會成員將問題發(fā)回委員會進行更多討論。他們可以在未來對一項允許使用武裝機器人的新措施進行投票。
 
The policy, considered by the San Francisco Police Department, planned to arm robots with explosives, not guns. Supporters of the policy said it would permit armed robots to be used only in life-threatening situations in which other police methods had failed.
舊金山警察局考慮了這項政策，計劃為機器人配備炸藥，而不是槍支。該政策的支持者表示，該政策將允許武裝機器人僅在其他警察方法無效的危及生命的情況下使用。
 
The measure was strongly opposed by several rights groups and police oversight organizations. Opponents warned that the policy would open the door to future militarization of the police force. They also said it would likely lead to more conflict between police and citizens in poor and minority communities.
該措施遭到多個人權組織和警方監(jiān)督的強烈反對。反對者警告說，該政策將為未來警察部隊的軍事化打開大門。他們還表示，這可能會導致貧困和少數(shù)族裔社區(qū)的警察與公民之間發(fā)生更多沖突。
 
A spokesperson for the San Francisco Police Department, Allison Maxie, explained the policy in a statement. She said it would permit officers to deploy robots equipped with explosives "to contact, incapacitate or disorient violent, armed or dangerous suspects."
舊金山警察局的 A Allison Maxie 在一份聲明中解釋了這項政策。她說，這將允許警官部署裝有炸藥的機器人，“以接觸暴力、武裝或危險的嫌疑人，使其喪失行動能力或迷失方向。”
 
Maxie added that the use of such robots would only be used in "extreme" situations in an effort "to save or prevent further loss of innocent lives."
Maxie 補充說，此類機器人的使用只會用于“極端情況” “ ” 努力“挽救或防止無辜生命的進一步損失”的情況。
 
The policy under consideration stated that officers could use robots only after officers had tried using other forms of force and de-escalation methods against suspects. Only a limited number of leading officers would be able to approve robots to be used as deadly force.
正在考慮的政策規(guī)定，只有在官員嘗試使用其他形式的武力和降級后，他們才能使用機器人對付疑心的方法。只有少數(shù)高級官員能夠批準將機器人用作致命力量。
 
The San Francisco policy came about because of a California state law. The law requires police departments to examine all military-grade equipment and seek approval from the public for its use.
舊金山政策的出臺是因為加利福尼亞州的一項法律。法律要求警察部門檢查所有軍用級設備，并征求公眾的使用許可。
 
So far, two California cities – San Francisco and Oakland – have publicly discussed the use of robots as part of the state's legal requirement.
到目前為止，加利福尼亞州的兩個城市——舊金山和奧克蘭——已經公開討論使用機器人作為國家法律要求的一部分。
 
Across the United States, police have used robots over the past 10 years to communicate with blockaded suspects, enter possibly dangerous spaces and, in rare cases, to carry out deadly force. Experts say, however, that the use of such robots remains rare even as the technology progresses.
在過去的 10 年里，美國各地的警察都使用機器人與被封鎖的可疑人員進行交流，進入可能危險的空間，并在極少數(shù)情況下執(zhí)行致命武力.然而，專家表示，即使技術取得成功，此類機器人的使用仍然很少見。
 
Dallas police became the first police force to kill a suspect with a robot in 2016. In that case, police used a robot to blow up explosives during a standoff with a shooter who had killed five police officers and injured nine others.
達拉斯警方在 2016 年成為第一支使用機器人擊斃嫌疑人的警察部隊。在那起案件中，警方在與槍手對峙時使用機器人引爆了炸藥，這名槍手殺死了 5 名警察，炸傷了 9 人。
 
The new San Francisco policy has reopened debates in the U.S. over the ethics of using robots to kill a suspect.
舊金山新政策在美國重新引發(fā)爭論關于使用機器人殺死嫌疑人的道德問題。
 
Michael White is a professor in the School of Criminology and Criminal Justice at Arizona State University. He told The Associated Press that even if robotics companies present deadlier methods to police officials, it does not mean departments will buy them.
邁克爾懷特是亞利桑那州立大學犯罪學和刑事司法學院的教授。他告訴美聯(lián)社，即使機器人公司向警察官員展示了更致命的方法，也不意味著部門會購買它們。
 
"It's hard to say what will happen in the future, but I think weaponized robots very well could be the next thing that departments don't want because communities are saying they don't want them," White said.
“很難說未來會發(fā)生什么，但我認為武器化機器人很可能是下一個部門不想要的東西，因為社區(qū)說他們不想要它們，”懷特說。
 
Protesters marched outside City Hall on Monday to express their opposition to San Francisco's policy. City Supervisor Dean Preston joined the demonstrators. He told other supervisors he felt the public had not been given enough time to voice their opinions on the issue.
周一，抗議者在市政廳外游行，表達他們對舊金山政策的反對。城市主管迪恩普雷斯頓參加了示威。他告訴其他主管，他覺得公眾沒有足夠的時間就這個問題發(fā)表意見。
 
"The people of San Francisco have spoken loud and clear: There is no place for killer police robots in our city," he said in a statement after the vote. "We should be working on ways to decrease the use of force by local law enforcement, not giving them new tools to kill people."
“舊金山人民已經大聲而明確地說：殺人警察機器人沒有立足之地在我們的城市，”他在投票后的一份聲明中說。 “我們應該研究減少當?shù)貓?zhí)法部門使用武力的方法，而不是給他們新的殺人工具。”
 
The new measure still permits police to use robots to be sent into dangerous situations to keep officers at a safe distance. San Francisco police currently have a limited number of ground robots designed to investigate bombs or provide an extra set of eyes.
新措施仍然允許警察使用機器人去危險的地方使警員保持安全距離的情況。舊金山警方目前擁有數(shù)量有限的地面機器人，旨在調查炸彈或提供額外服務
 
Supervisor Aaron Peskin brought forward last week's motion on the city's use of robots. He said, "Having robots that have eyes and ears and can remove bombs – which happens from time to time – is something that we want the police department to do while we continue to have this very controversial discussion."
主管亞倫·佩斯金 (Aaron Peskin) 提出了上周關于該市使用機器人的動議。他說，“擁有有眼睛和耳朵并且可以移除炸彈的機器人——這種情況時有發(fā)生——是我們希望警察部門在我們繼續(xù)進行這個非常有爭議的討論的同時做的事情。”
 
Speaking about the possible use of armed robots, San Francisco Police Chief Bill Scott said in a statement, "We live in a time when unthinkable mass violence is becoming more commonplace. We need the option to be able to save lives in the event we have that type of tragedy in our city."
在談到可能使用武裝機器人時，舊金山警察局長比爾斯科特在一份聲明中說，“我們生活在一個不可想象的大規(guī)模暴力變得越來越普遍的時代。我們需要能夠在我們擁有的情況下拯救生命的選擇我們城市發(fā)生的那種悲劇。”