獲得博士學(xué)位需要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間?

獲得博士學(xué)位需要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間?

Earning a Ph.D. from a U.S. grad school typically requires nearly six years, federal statistics show.

聯(lián)邦統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，從美國(guó)研究生院獲得博士學(xué)位通常需要近六年的時(shí)間。

STUDENTS WHO HAVE excelled within a specific academic discipline and who have a strong interest in that field may choose to pursue a Ph.D. degree. However, Ph.D. degree-holders urge prospective students to think carefully about whether they truly want or need a doctoral degree, since Ph.D. programs last for multiple years.

在某一特定學(xué)科取得優(yōu)異成績(jī)并對(duì)該領(lǐng)域有濃厚興趣的學(xué)生可以選擇攻讀博士學(xué)位。然而，擁有博士學(xué)位的人敦促未來(lái)的學(xué)生仔細(xì)考慮他們是否真的想要或需要一個(gè)博士學(xué)位，因?yàn)椴┦宽?xiàng)目會(huì)持續(xù)多年。

According to the Survey of Earned Doctorates, a census of recent research doctorate recipients who earned their degree from U.S. institutions, the median amount of time it took individuals who received their doctorates in 2017 to complete their program was 5.8 years. However, there are many types of programs that typically take longer than six years to complete, such as humanities and arts doctorates, where the median time for individuals to earn their degree was 7.1 years, according to the survey.

根據(jù)“獲得博士學(xué)位調(diào)查”(Survey of Earned Doctorates)的數(shù)據(jù)，2017年獲得博士學(xué)位的個(gè)人完成學(xué)業(yè)所需時(shí)間中值為5.8年。然而，調(diào)查顯示，有許多項(xiàng)目的完成時(shí)間通常超過(guò)6年，比如人文和藝術(shù)博士學(xué)位，個(gè)人獲得學(xué)位的平均時(shí)間為7.1年。

Some Ph.D. candidates begin doctoral programs after they have already obtained master's degrees, which means the time spent in grad school is a combination of the time spent pursuing a master's and the years invested in a doctorate. In order to receive a Ph.D. degree, a student must produce and successfully defend an original academic dissertation, which must be approved by a dissertation committtee. Writing and defending a dissertation is so difficult that many Ph.D. students drop out of their Ph.D. programs without completing the dissertation component. These Ph.D. program dropouts often use the phrase "all but dissertation" or the abbreviation "ABD" on their resumes.

一些博士生在獲得碩士學(xué)位后才開(kāi)始攻讀博士學(xué)位，這意味著他們?cè)谘芯可夯ㄙM(fèi)的時(shí)間是攻讀碩士學(xué)位的時(shí)間和攻讀博士學(xué)位的時(shí)間的總和。為了獲得博士學(xué)位，學(xué)生必須提交并成功答辯一篇原創(chuàng)的學(xué)術(shù)論文，該論文必須得到學(xué)位論文委員會(huì)的批準(zhǔn)。寫(xiě)論文和答辯是如此的困難，以至于許多博士生在沒(méi)有完成論文部分的情況下，從而退出了博士課程。這些博士項(xiàng)目的輟學(xué)者經(jīng)常在他們的簡(jiǎn)歷上使用“除了學(xué)位論文”或縮寫(xiě)“ABD”。

According to a comprehensive study of Ph.D. completion rates published by The Council of Graduate Schools in 2008, only 56.6% of people who begin Ph.D. programs earn Ph.D. degrees.

美國(guó)研究生院理事會(huì)(Council of Graduate Schools) 2008年發(fā)布的一項(xiàng)關(guān)于博士結(jié)婚率的綜合研究顯示，攻讀博士學(xué)位的人當(dāng)中，只有56.6%獲得了博士學(xué)位。

Joan Kee, a professor at the University of Michigan with the university's history of art department, says that the length of time required for a Ph.D. varies widely depending on what subject the Ph.D. focuses on. "Ph.D. program length is very discipline and even field-specific; for example, you can and are expected to finish a Ph.D, in economics in under five years, but that would be impossible in art history (or most of the humanities)," she wrote in an email.

密歇根大學(xué)藝術(shù)史系教授瓊基(Joan Kee)說(shuō)，攻讀博士學(xué)位所需的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短因博士研究的科目而異。“博士項(xiàng)目的長(zhǎng)度是非常有紀(jì)律的，甚至是特定領(lǐng)域的;比如，你可以而且有望在五年內(nèi)獲得經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)博士學(xué)位，但這在藝術(shù)史(或大多數(shù)人文學(xué)科)上是不可能的，”她在一封電子郵件中寫(xiě)道。

Kee adds that humanities Ph.D. programs often require someone to learn a foreign language, and "fields like anthropology and art history require extensive field research." Kee says funding for a humanities Ph.D. program typically only lasts five years, even though it is uncommon for someone to obtain a Ph.D. degree in a humanities field within that time frame. "Because of this, many if not most Ph.D. students must work to make ends meet, thus further prolonging the time of completion," she says.

Kee補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，人文學(xué)科的博士課程通常要求學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)外語(yǔ)，“人類(lèi)學(xué)和藝術(shù)史等領(lǐng)域需要廣泛的實(shí)地研究。”Kee說(shuō)，人文學(xué)科博士項(xiàng)目的資助通常只持續(xù)五年，盡管在這段時(shí)間內(nèi)獲得人文學(xué)科博士學(xué)位的情況并不常見(jiàn)。她說(shuō):“正因?yàn)槿绱?，許多博士生(如果不是大多數(shù)的話)必須工作以維持收支平衡，從而進(jìn)一步延長(zhǎng)了完成學(xué)業(yè)的時(shí)間。”