為什么困惑可能對(duì)你有好處

為什么困惑可能對(duì)你有好處

The headline for this article may leave you a little, well, confused.

這篇文章的標(biāo)題可能會(huì)讓你有點(diǎn)困惑。

After all, we've long associated the mental stutter that occurs when we don't understand something to be a shortcoming, a glitch in our central processing unit. Or worse, confusion could mark serious cognitive decline, perhaps even a disease-related impairment.

畢竟，我們很長時(shí)間以來都認(rèn)為，當(dāng)我們不明白某件事是缺點(diǎn)，是中央處理器的一個(gè)小故障時(shí)，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)精神上的口吃。更糟的是，困惑可能標(biāo)志著嚴(yán)重的認(rèn)知能力下降，甚至可能是疾病相關(guān)的損害。

Depending on how open we are to a little confusion, it can spur the mind to understand a difficult concept. (Photo: ImageFlow/Shutterstock)

You're probably OK. In fact, according to a new study, it isn't so much about being confused, but how we respond to that feeling that matters.

你沒有問題。事實(shí)上，根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新的研究，這并不是關(guān)于困惑，而是我們?nèi)绾螒?yīng)對(duì)這種感覺。

The study, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, suggests some people make confusion work for them — prompting them to learn more about something they don't initially understand.

這項(xiàng)發(fā)表在《人格與社會(huì)心理學(xué)雜志》上的研究表明，有些人讓困惑為他們服務(wù)——促使他們?nèi)W(xué)習(xí)更多他們最初不理解的東西。

Others, on the other hand, react to confusion by turning away from the subject completely.

另一方面，另一些人對(duì)困惑的反應(yīng)則是完全避開這個(gè)話題。

It all comes down to how people respond to feelings of uncertainty and bewilderment, the research suggests.

研究表明，這完全取決于人們?nèi)绾螒?yīng)對(duì)不確定和困惑的感覺。

Reacting to confusion

應(yīng)對(duì)困惑

What's your response when faced with befuddlement? (Photo: Peshkova/Shutterstock)

To test their theory, University of Notre Dame researchers invited test subjects to learning sessions that involved a complex idea. Then they intentionally ratcheted up the confusion — and monitored participants' reactions.

為了驗(yàn)證他們的理論，圣母大學(xué)的研究人員邀請(qǐng)實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象參加涉及復(fù)雜概念的學(xué)習(xí)課程。然后他們故意加劇這種困惑，并觀察參與者的反應(yīng)。

Or, in the appropriately bewildering language of the study, "Confusion was experimentally induced via a contradictory-information manipulation involving the animated agents expressing incorrect and/or contradictory opinions and asking the (human) learners to decide which opinion had more scientific merit."

或者，用研究中適當(dāng)?shù)牧钊死Щ蟮恼Z言來說，“通過一種矛盾信息的操作，通過實(shí)驗(yàn)引起了混淆，這涉及到動(dòng)畫代理表達(dá)不正確和/或矛盾的觀點(diǎn)，并要求(人類)學(xué)習(xí)者決定哪種觀點(diǎn)更有科學(xué)價(jià)值。”

Got that? Yeah, same here.

明白了嗎?是的,我也一樣。

It's the kind of language that separates confused people into two groups: the learn-more-about-it kind and the not-today-thanks kind.

這種語言把困惑的人分成兩類:“多學(xué)點(diǎn)”類和“不要今天就說謝謝”類。

To make matters murkier, the scientists ensured there was a fundamental contradiction in each of the scientific models discussed in case studies.

更糟糕的是，科學(xué)家們確信案例研究中討論的每一個(gè)科學(xué)模型都存在根本的矛盾。

At the end of each discussion, participants were tested on their understanding of the subject. Interestingly, people who had reported higher rates of confusion were also better able to grasp the subject — and identify the scientific contradictions.

每次討論結(jié)束時(shí)，參與者都要接受對(duì)主題理解程度的測試。有趣的是，那些報(bào)告有較高困惑率的人也能更好地掌握主題——并識(shí)別科學(xué)上的矛盾。

Essentially, they had a positive reaction to confusion, using it as a motivation to wrap their heads around a subject. For them, confusion was a preface to learning something new.

從本質(zhì)上講，他們對(duì)困惑有積極的反應(yīng)，把它作為一種動(dòng)機(jī)來圍繞一個(gè)主題進(jìn)行思考。對(duì)他們來說，困惑是學(xué)習(xí)新事物的序幕。

They demonstrated what behavioral scientist Nick Hobson describes as a high degree of openness.

他們展示了行為科學(xué)家尼克·霍布森所描述的高度開放性。

"Openness is associated with the experience of immersion, absorption and wonderment," he writes in The Behaviorist. "Individuals higher in openness are fascinated by complex situations and tend to have more nuanced experiences. It is characterized by a greater tolerance of ambiguity."

他在《行為主義者》中寫道:“開放與沉浸、專注和驚奇的體驗(yàn)有關(guān)。”“開放度較高的人會(huì)被復(fù)雜的情況所吸引，往往會(huì)有更多微妙的經(jīng)歷。它的特點(diǎn)是對(duì)歧義有更大的容忍度。”

There is, however, an important caveat. D'Mello cautions against deliberately sowing confusion in the context of learning. People already struggling to understand a concept — especially one that they're under pressure to understand — may not benefit from the added confusion.

然而，有一個(gè)重要的警告。德梅洛警告說，不要在學(xué)習(xí)的過程中故意制造困惑。人們已經(jīng)在努力理解一個(gè)概念——尤其是他們?cè)趬毫ο乱斫獾母拍?mdash;—可能不會(huì)從額外的困惑中受益。

Instead, confusion may work best for people who are actually looking for a challenge and don't face consequences for taking a chance to learn something new.

相反，對(duì)于那些正在尋找挑戰(zhàn)的人來說，困惑可能是最好的解決方法，而且他們也不會(huì)因?yàn)閲L試學(xué)習(xí)新東西而面臨后果。

Those would be the intellectual risk-takers who are spurred on, rather than dissuaded by feelings of confusion. And perhaps even those who find themselves right here at this very moment. Congratulations on following up on your initial confusion.

這些人是智力上敢于冒險(xiǎn)的人，他們會(huì)受到困惑感的激勵(lì)，而不是勸阻。甚至是那些此時(shí)此刻發(fā)現(xiàn)自己就處在困惑中的人。祝賀你在最初的困惑中堅(jiān)持了下來。