當(dāng)每件事看起來都很重要的時(shí)候，如何區(qū)分工作的輕重緩急

當(dāng)每件事看起來都很重要的時(shí)候，如何區(qū)分工作的輕重緩急

Even with all of the advances in modern technology, there are only so many hours in the day to cram in everything that we need to do. A simple “to-do” list doesn’t always cut it, and it’s easy to feel adrift in a sea of tasks without an oar. The key to managing all of the work responsibilities on your plate is prioritization.

即使有現(xiàn)代科技的進(jìn)步，我們每天也只有那么多的時(shí)間去填滿我們需要做的事情。一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的“要做的事”清單并不總能解決問題，而且很容易讓人在沒有槳的情況下感到在任務(wù)的海洋中漂流。管理所有工作職責(zé)的關(guān)鍵是分清輕重緩急。

In this article, we’ll look at various ways to help you become a master of time management at work and keep all of those proverbial spinning plates from crashing to the ground.

在本文中，我們將探討各種方法，以幫助您成為工作中時(shí)間管理的大師，并避免所有那些眾所周知的“旋轉(zhuǎn)的盤子”摔到地上。

1. Write out All the Things You Need to Do

把你需要做的事情都寫下來

Becoming a master of prioritizing will have numerous benefits. You’ll get more done, climb the job ladder faster, and have more free time to enjoy life outside of work. It all starts, though, with making a list of what you need to get done.

成為分清主次的大師會(huì)有很多好處。你會(huì)完成更多的工作，工作中更快地晉升，有更多的空閑時(shí)間來享受工作之外的生活。不過，這一切都要從列出你需要完成的事情開始。

Write down the things you need to get done at work today, tomorrow, this week, and this month. Don’t worry about the order — we’ll get to that in a minute — just write down everything.

寫下你今天、明天、本周和本月需要完成的工作。不要擔(dān)心順序——我們馬上就會(huì)講到——把所有的東西都寫下來。

2. Start by Asking: What’s Really Important Here?

首先要問:這里真正重要的是什么?

Chances are, you have a pretty full list and that a good deal of them seem like the most important thing or at least top priorities. Some of these tasks may very well be top priorities, but others can probably wait. And they’re going to have to if you’re ever going to tackle the top priorities on your list.

很有可能，你有一個(gè)相當(dāng)完整的清單，其中很多似乎是最重要的事情，或者至少是比較重要的事情。其中一些任務(wù)很可能是最優(yōu)先考慮的，但其他的可能可以等待。如果你要處理你清單上的首要任務(wù)，將不得不這樣做。

Each priority will fall under: do, defer, delegate, and delete. You don’t necessarily need to assign each priority a label just yet, as there are a few methods to help you cut through the fog.

每個(gè)優(yōu)先級(jí)分別是:do、defer、delegate和delete。您現(xiàn)在還不需要為每個(gè)優(yōu)先級(jí)分配一個(gè)標(biāo)簽，因?yàn)橛幸恍┓椒梢詭椭朔щy。

3. The Triangle of Cost, Scope, and Time

成本、范圍和時(shí)間的三角關(guān)系

One method that effective project managers use to help with prioritizing tasks on a large-scale project is by looking at each task as an equilateral triangle. Each priority’s side can be measured by its cost (resources needed to complete it), scope (how big the task is) and time (how long it will take to complete). Here’s a graph showing the Triple Constraint, illustrated by the site Project Manager:

在大型項(xiàng)目中，有效的項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理用于幫助確定任務(wù)優(yōu)先級(jí)的一個(gè)方法是將每個(gè)任務(wù)看作一個(gè)等邊三角形。每個(gè)優(yōu)先級(jí)的方面可以通過它的成本(完成它所需的資源)、范圍(任務(wù)的大小)和時(shí)間(完成它需要的時(shí)間)來度量。這是一個(gè)圖表顯示三重約束，由網(wǎng)站項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理說明:

You may be able to change a particular side of the triangle, perhaps reducing the cost needed to finish it, but it will likely involve altering the scope or deadline.

你可能會(huì)改變?nèi)切蔚哪骋幻妫苍S會(huì)降低完成它所需的成本，但它可能會(huì)涉及改變范圍或期限。

If a deadline and scope can’t be changed on a task, then perhaps that project takes top priority and compromise will have to be made with cost or the scope of other tasks.

如果一項(xiàng)任務(wù)的最后期限和范圍無法改變，那么這個(gè)項(xiàng)目可能是最優(yōu)先的，必須在成本或其他任務(wù)的范圍上做出妥協(xié)。

4. Apply the Eisenhower Matrix

運(yùn)用艾森豪威爾矩陣

“I have two kinds of problems: the urgent and the important. The urgent are not important, and the important are never urgent.” —President Dwight D. Eisenhower.

“我有兩類問題:緊急的和重要的。緊急的不重要，重要的永遠(yuǎn)不緊急。——艾森豪威爾總統(tǒng)。

It was out of this quote that the Eisenhower Matrix of prioritization was formed. Remember those do, defer, delegate, and delete labels we mentioned?

艾森豪威爾優(yōu)先級(jí)矩陣就是從這句話中形成的。還記得我們提到的那些do、defer、delegate和delete標(biāo)簽嗎?

Here’s where they come into play as illustrated in a graph made by James Clear:

這就是它們發(fā)揮作用的地方，正如詹姆斯·克利爾繪制的圖表所示:

· Urgent & Important = Do. As in, do it now.

· Important & Not Urgent = Decide. Do it later, and decide when to do it.

· Urgent & Not Important = Delegate. Give the task to somebody else.

· Not Important & Not Urgent = Delete. Don’t waste your time on it.

既緊急又重要=做?，F(xiàn)在就做。

重要但不緊急=決定。以后再做，然后決定什么時(shí)候做。

緊急但不重要=委派。把任務(wù)交給別人。

不重要又不緊急=刪除。不要在這上面浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。

We only spend around 40 percent of our workday on primary tasks, with things like checking emails, meetings, and trivial tasks eating up the rest of the day. If you learn how to prioritize effectively, however, you’ll soon find that managing that giant to-do list is easier and finishing those must-do tasks happens quicker!

我們一天中只有40%的時(shí)間花在了最基本的事情上，比如查收郵件，開會(huì)，做一些瑣碎的事情。然而，如果你學(xué)會(huì)了如何有效地劃分優(yōu)先級(jí)，你很快就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)管理一個(gè)巨大的待辦事項(xiàng)清單是很容易的，完成那些必須完成的任務(wù)會(huì)更快!