即使在不吸煙的地方，你也不可能遠(yuǎn)離三手煙

即使在不吸煙的地方，你也不可能遠(yuǎn)離三手煙

Most people are probably familiar with the concept of second-hand cigarette smoke. Standing in the general vicinity of someone who is smoking can lead to unhealthy or even fatal tobacco exposure. Now scientists are warning of the dangers of third-hand smoking, showing even smoke-free locations may not be entirely safe.

大多數(shù)人可能都熟悉二手煙的概念。站在吸煙的人周圍會(huì)導(dǎo)致不健康甚至致命的煙草接觸。現(xiàn)在，科學(xué)家們對三手煙的危害發(fā)出警告，表明即使是在無煙的地方也不一定完全安全。

The experience of sitting next to a heavy smoker and inhaling the stink from their clothes is common, but you may consider it more an annoyance than a health concern. However, Dr Drew Gentner and colleagues at Yale thought it better to check. They measured the concentrations of tobacco-related volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in a non-smoking cinema as patrons, both smoking and non-smoking, came and went.

坐在煙鬼旁邊，吸入他們衣服上的臭味，這種經(jīng)歷很常見，但你可能會(huì)認(rèn)為這是一種煩惱，而不是健康問題。然而，耶魯大學(xué)的德魯·根特納博士和他的同事們認(rèn)為最好還是去核實(shí)一下。他們測量了一家無煙區(qū)電影院中與煙草相關(guān)的揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物(VOCs)的濃度，因?yàn)轭櫩蛡?，無論吸煙還是不吸煙，都來了又走。

Stephen Luntz

In Science Advances they report: “These VOC emission events exposed occupants to the equivalent of 1-10 cigarettes of secondhand smoke, including multiple hazardous air pollutants (eg. benzene and formaldehyde) at parts-per-billion concentrations.” Nicotine was by far the most common molecule. Moreover, they add, that's not the worst of it. The movie theater, in this case, was large and well-ventilated. Conditions could be considerably worse in tighter situations.

他們在《科學(xué)進(jìn)展》雜志上報(bào)告說:“這些VOC排放事件使居住者暴露在相當(dāng)于1-10支二手煙的環(huán)境中，其中包括多種有害的空氣污染物(例如:苯和甲醛)，濃度為十億分之一。“到目前為止，尼古丁是最常見的分子。此外，他們補(bǔ)充說，這還不是最糟糕的。在這個(gè)例子中，電影院很大，通風(fēng)良好。在更緊張的情況下，情況可能會(huì)更糟。

The authors are not the first to consider third-hand smoke's dangers. They note previous studies that have shown its effects on cultured cells and live mice. As you might imagine, none of these are good. Similarly, smoker's homes have been found to contain a lot of VOCs even when they are not currently smoking.

作者并不是第一個(gè)考慮三手煙危害的人。他們注意到以前的研究已經(jīng)顯示了它對培養(yǎng)細(xì)胞和活老鼠的影響。你可以想象，這些都不好。同樣的，吸煙者的家里也被發(fā)現(xiàn)含有大量的揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物，即使他們現(xiàn)在不吸煙。

The circumstances Gentner investigated, however, are relevant to far more people, and hadn't previously been examined.

然而，根特納調(diào)查的情況涉及的人要多得多，而且之前從未被調(diào)查過。

The study was done in Germany, where smoking in cinemas has been banned for 15 years, easily long enough to remove any legacy of people lighting up inside. The venue's air intakes were far away from potential sources of smoke, yet 35 different VOCs associated with tobacco were detected over a four-day period. Concentrations peaked at the start of films as patrons arrived, carrying their smoke particles with them. The type of film made a difference, with those that appealed to children and their parents having smaller VOC spikes than horror movies.

這項(xiàng)研究是在德國進(jìn)行的，在那里，在電影院吸煙已經(jīng)被禁止了15年，很容易就能消除人們在里面吸煙的任何后遺癥。該場所的進(jìn)氣口遠(yuǎn)離潛在的煙霧來源，但在4天的時(shí)間里檢測到35種不同的與煙草有關(guān)的揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物。電影開始時(shí)，隨著顧客帶著煙霧顆粒的到來，濃度達(dá)到了頂峰。電影的類型不同，那些吸引孩子和他們的父母的電影比恐怖電影的揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物含量少。

Identifying the problem is one thing, addressing it another. There would be serious social and civil liberties consequences if people are banned from certain indoor locations because they carry tobacco on their clothes, not to mention the difficulties of enforcement.

發(fā)現(xiàn)問題是一回事，解決問題又是另一回事。如果人們因?yàn)橐路蠑y帶煙草而被禁止進(jìn)入某些室內(nèi)場所，將會(huì)產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)和公民自由后果，更不用說執(zhí)法的困難了。

Discouraging teenagers smoking early in life would certainly help, even if only in the long term. Earlier this week a study in Addiction measured the impact on teenagers of being close to tobacco outlets. Its finding that proximity did not affect whether someone smoked, but did increase the number of cigarettes consumed by smokers, suggests limiting outlet locations might help.

在青少年早期就阻止他們吸煙肯定會(huì)有幫助，即使只是長期的。本周早些時(shí)候，一項(xiàng)關(guān)于成癮的研究測量了青少年接近煙草銷售點(diǎn)的影響。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，近距離接觸并不影響吸煙者是否吸煙，但確實(shí)增加了吸煙者的香煙消費(fèi)量，這表明限制門店的位置可能會(huì)有所幫助。