如何追蹤你附近的候鳥(niǎo)

如何追蹤你附近的候鳥(niǎo)

With so many people spending a lot more time at home, many have become obsessed with nature. In addition to Netflix and social media, bird-watching has become a popular pastime. As we fill up our feeders, we eagerly awaiting the feathered arrivals.

由于很多人在家里呆的時(shí)間越來(lái)越長(zhǎng)，許多人對(duì)大自然產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣。除了Netflix和社交媒體之外，觀鳥(niǎo)已經(jīng)成為一種流行的消遣方式。當(dāng)我們把飼料喂飽時(shí)，我們急切地等待著有羽毛的鳥(niǎo)的到來(lái)。

Photo: Steve Byland/Shutterstock

Some birds are year-round residents, while others are migratory, often traveling a long distance to make a temporary home in a different climate.

有些鳥(niǎo)是全年的居民，而其他是候鳥(niǎo)，經(jīng)常長(zhǎng)途旅行，在不同的氣候中建立一個(gè)臨時(shí)的家。

Created by scientists at the Cornell Lab of Ornithology, BirdCast offers real-time migration maps showing where birds are and in which direction they're going. The site's forecasts are based on 23 years of radar observations combined with weather forecasts.

由康奈爾大學(xué)鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室的科學(xué)家們創(chuàng)建的BirdCast提供了實(shí)時(shí)遷徙地圖，顯示鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)的位置和它們前進(jìn)的方向。該網(wǎng)站的預(yù)測(cè)基于23年的雷達(dá)觀測(cè)和天氣預(yù)報(bào)。

An online repository for bird-watching observations run by the Cornell Lab of Ornithology, eBird is a citizen science project that claims to have more than 100 million bird sightings contributed each year by members around the world. You can use the site to track specific species or discover birds and hotspots near you.

“eBird”是一個(gè)由康奈爾大學(xué)鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室運(yùn)營(yíng)的觀察鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)的在線(xiàn)資料庫(kù)，它是一個(gè)公民科學(xué)項(xiàng)目，聲稱(chēng)每年有超過(guò)1億的來(lái)自世界各地的成員參與觀察鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)。您可以使用該網(wǎng)站來(lái)跟蹤特定的物種或發(fā)現(xiàn)鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)和熱點(diǎn)附近。

In March, eBird released 500 animated maps showing where hundreds of species of migratory birds travel throughout the Western Hemisphere. The information includes how their numbers vary with habitat, geography, and time of year.

今年3月，eBird發(fā)布了500幅動(dòng)畫(huà)地圖，展示了數(shù)百種候鳥(niǎo)在西半球的遷徙路線(xiàn)。這些信息包括它們的數(shù)量如何隨著棲息地、地理位置和一年中的時(shí)間而變化。

"Building upon more than 750 million observations submitted to eBird provides a whole new way of seeing biodiversity," said Steve Kelling, co-director of Center for Avian Population Studies at the Cornell Lab, in a statement. "Now, we not only have an idea of where to find a bird, but where that bird is most abundant as well. The detail and information in the animations is breathtaking."

“在提交給eBird的超過(guò)7.5億份觀察報(bào)告的基礎(chǔ)上，提供了一種觀察生物多樣性的全新方式，”康奈爾實(shí)驗(yàn)室鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)種群研究中心的聯(lián)合主任史蒂夫·凱林在一份聲明中說(shuō)。“現(xiàn)在，我們不僅知道在哪里可以找到一只鳥(niǎo)，而且知道這種鳥(niǎo)在哪里數(shù)量最多。動(dòng)畫(huà)中的細(xì)節(jié)和信息令人驚嘆。”

If you're specifically intrigued by flittering, colorful hummingbirds, you can chart their path with help from Hummingbird Central. The interactive migration map includes first sighting data from citizen scientist contributors throughout the U.S. and parts of Canada. The site tracks a dozen hummingbird species and in 2019 included more than 10,000 first-sighting reports.

如果你對(duì)飛翔的、五顏六色的蜂鳥(niǎo)特別感興趣，你可以在蜂鳥(niǎo)中心的幫助下畫(huà)出它們的飛行路線(xiàn)。交互式遷移地圖包括來(lái)自美國(guó)和加拿大部分地區(qū)的公民科學(xué)家提供的第一手?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)。該網(wǎng)站追蹤了12種蜂鳥(niǎo)，并在2019年收錄了超過(guò)1萬(wàn)份首次目擊報(bào)告。

In addition to maps, the site shares lots of hummingbird information about these fascinating fliers. For example, "During migration, a hummingbird's heart beats up to 1,260 times a minute, and its wings flap 15 to 80 times a second. To support this high energy level, a hummingbird will typically gain 25-40% of their body weight before they start migration in order to make the long trek over land, and water. They fly alone, often on the same path they have flown earlier in their life, and fly low, just above tree tops or water. Young hummingbirds must navigate without parental guidance."

除了地圖之外，這個(gè)網(wǎng)站還分享了很多蜂鳥(niǎo)的信息。例如，“在遷徙過(guò)程中，蜂鳥(niǎo)的心臟每分鐘跳動(dòng)1260次，翅膀每秒扇動(dòng)15到80次。”為了維持這種高能量水平，蜂鳥(niǎo)在開(kāi)始遷徙前通常會(huì)增加自身體重的25-40%，以便在陸地和水中進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)途跋涉。它們獨(dú)自飛行，經(jīng)常沿著它們生命早期飛行過(guò)的同一條路飛行，飛得很低，就在樹(shù)頂或水面之上。年幼的蜂鳥(niǎo)必須在沒(méi)有父母指導(dǎo)的情況下飛行。”

So go ahead and fill those feeders. Those guys are going to be hungry.

所以繼續(xù)填滿(mǎn)這些喂食器吧，那些家伙會(huì)餓的。