英語世界文摘:The Earthquake in Tangshan

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2021年04月15日

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對于有些小伙伴來說，越是努力背單詞背語法，英語成績越是難看，倒不如去多讀多看些自己喜歡的文章，在文章中培養(yǎng)語感和理解力，下面是小編整理的關于英語世界文摘:The Earthquake in Tangshan的資料，希望對你有所幫助！

The Earthquake in Tangshan¹

唐山大地震

By Sidney Shapiro

文/沙博理

As if these events weren’t momentous enough, nature joined in with an earthquake in July of 1976 which killed hundreds of thousands.² Its epicenter was the industrial city of Tangshan, only about 100 miles from Beijing.

仿佛發(fā)生的這些事還不夠重大，大自然也來添亂，1976年7月28日來了一場致死幾十萬人的大地震，震中位于工業(yè)城市唐山，離北京僅約170公里。

I was awakened before four in the morning by the violent shaking of our bed and Phoenix yelling: “Earthquake! Earthquake!” Still half asleep, I clumsily dressed and staggered into the front garden. Everyone was present and accounted for – our bao mu, our nextdoor neighbors and their kids. Yamei was honeymooning in Shanghai with husband Taiping. The house seemed intact. Later we found a big crack, right through the foot-thick wall, running from ceiling to floor.

我是凌晨不到4點被床鋪劇烈的震顫驚醒的，鳳子大喊：“地震了！地震了！”半睡半醒之中，我笨手笨腳地把衣服穿上，一搖一晃地來到前院。大家都在這兒了，人齊了：我家保姆，隔壁鄰居兩口和他們的孩子。亞美和丈夫太平此時正在上海度蜜月。房子好像毫無損傷。后來才發(fā)現(xiàn)30厘米厚的墻壁有一道不小的裂縫，從天花板裂到地板。

Others didn’t get off so lightly.³ Many of Beijing’s picturesque buildings have plastered-over walls of rubble and mud.⁴ Quite a number collapsed under the initial tremor – nearly eight on the Richter scale at Tangshan, six or seven around Beijing. Casualties were higher in Tianjin and towns in the earthquake zone, where people rushed out into the narrow crowded streets and were killed by flying bricks and tiles. In traditional single storey homes, where pillars and beams support the roof, it was relatively safe indoors. The walls were only to ward off the weather, and tend to fall outward during quakes.⁵ Prefabricated tall modern dwellings were the most dangerous.⁶ The huge cement slabs which formed the floors and ceilings came down flat, directly, crushing all beneath.

其他房舍的損傷可沒有這樣輕。北京不少漂亮的老房子是碎石土砌墻，外涂一層泥，初震就倒塌的老房子不在少數(shù)。唐山初震接近里氏八級，北京周邊六七級。天津和地震帶的城鎮(zhèn)傷亡比率高，人們沖出屋子跑到狹窄擁擠的街上，被亂飛的磚瓦砸死。傳統(tǒng)的平房有立柱和橫梁支撐房頂，屋內相對安全些，墻壁主要是遮風擋雨，地震的時候一般朝外倒，而現(xiàn)代用預制構件蓋的高層住宅最危險，大片水泥板做成的天花板和地板，掉下來就直接砸在下面所有的東西上。

We learned these things, and other quake lore, in the next few days.⁷ The unthinkable had happened. Centuries before, Beijing had been chosen as the capital partly because it had been free of the serious quakes which periodically rocked other parts of north China. We should have been warned, according to the stories going round. The seismographic instruments had recorded suspicious signs. Moreover, snakes and burrowing animals had come out of their holes, horses had refused to enter their stalls, domestic fowl had roosted high in trees. Certain officials had been lulled by a false sense of security – or had been criminally negligent.

這些事以及其他地震知識，我們是在隨后幾天里學到的。無法想象的事情還是發(fā)生了。幾個世紀前，北京之所以被選為首都，差不多就是因為這里未曾有過嚴重的地震，而華北其他地區(qū)發(fā)生過周期性的地震。聽人們說，我們本該得到預警的，因為地震監(jiān)測儀器已捕捉到可疑的跡象。還有，蛇和穴居動物鉆出洞，馬不肯進馬廄，家禽上樹棲息。然而某些官員被虛幻的安全感所麻痹，也可以說簡直就是玩忽職守。

Recriminations were no use. The situation had to be met. Immediately, the Chinese genius for organization and self-discipline swung into action. Food and medical care were rushed to Tangshan and other badly stricken areas. Teams began clearing away the rubble and erecting shelters.

責怪誰也沒用，災情必須應對。中國人特有的組織紀律性立刻變?yōu)閷嶋H行動。食物和藥品迅速送抵唐山和其他重災區(qū)，救援隊開始清除瓦礫，搭起救護站。

In Beijing, the parks and playgrounds were filled with makeshift shacks of every description.⁸ They lined the sides of broad avenues, and mushroomed in gardens and on campuses.⁹ It was feared there might be another quake. Indeed, the ground never stopped trembling, and there were minor shocks every few days. Many homes were destroyed. Of those still standing, several needed only one more good shake to bring them down as well. For about a week everyone was urged to stay out of all buildings, regardless of condition, except where absolutely necessary.¹⁰

在北京，公園和操場到處都是臨時搭起的小屋，各式各樣；有的搭建在大街兩旁，有的簇立在花園和校園。人們都害怕再有地震。也確實是，大地就沒有停止過震顫，而且隔幾天就有一次余震。許多家舍被毀，那些依然屹立不倒的，有那么幾幢只要再來一次震搖就會倒掉。約有一個星期，要求所有的人除了實在必須，都要離開一切建筑物，無論結實不結實。

Fortunately, the water supply in Beijing was not disrupted. Electricity, which had been cut, was restored for certain hours of the day. Trams and buses ran. Most work resumed. But vigilance was constant. Yamei, who had hurried back with Taiping from Shanghai, was among the doctors on duty in the hundreds of first-aid stations set up all over the city.

幸好，北京的供水沒有受到影響。電倒是停過，恢復到每天能供電幾小時。電車公交照常開通，上班工作大都恢復，但警戒照舊不變。亞美和丈夫太平從上海匆匆返回，到全城設立的好幾百家急救站值班。

With our next-door neighbors, we erected a temporary shelter in our common front garden. We built it of poles – supplied by our respective offices – plus tarpaper, matting, and plastic sheets.¹¹ Our beds were planks laid on benches and chairs. We all slept there at night.¹² There had been a little looting – which was severely punished.¹³ The main danger was a new tremor. Someone had to remain awake at night to hear any shouted warnings, and listen for a possible ringing of the phone, which was in the house.

我們和隔壁鄰居一起在共用的前院搭了一間臨時防震棚，用的是各自單位給的竹竿，再鋪上油氈、席子和塑料布，把木板架在長凳和椅子上就是床，我們都在里面過夜。還發(fā)生過一件小小的搶劫呢，也受到了嚴懲。主要危險是還會再有地震，所以夜里需要有人不睡覺，聽高聲報警聲，聽屋里可能會響的電話聲。

I rather enjoyed my shifts. Beijing was very beautiful in the summer moonlight. The stillness was almost absolute broken only by the occasional wail of a far off train.¹⁴ You could feel beneath your feet the solidity of a city which for 1,000 years had been a major center of civilization. It would take more than an earthquake to destroy Beijing.¹⁵

輪到我值班我挺高興，北京城沐浴在夏夜的月光下，非常美，靜極了，偶爾有遠處火車的汽笛聲打破這寧靜。你都能感覺到腳下這座城市的堅實，一千年來它一直是主要的文明中心，就憑一次地震豈能把北京摧毀！

Gradually, as the weeks went by, those who could began moving back into their homes. Outdoor living was inconvenient, and the nights were turning cold. Remembering my army training, I dug a drainage ditch around the shelter, but when it rained the inside of our flimsy structure was damp from leaks and drips.

就這樣過了好幾周，漸漸地，能搬回家里住的開始往回搬。住在外面實在是不方便，晚上開始變涼。想起來我當兵受的訓練，我便在防震棚四圍挖了一道排水溝，但是一逢下雨，簡陋的棚子里還是因為漏雨滴水而潮濕。

For a time after returning to the house, we continued to be cautious. Chinese beds are simply a mattress on a board platform. We, being more effete, had managed to buy a box-spring affair, but still retained the board platform of our old bed.¹⁶ We suspended it above us by tying it to the bedposts in the pious hope that this would protect us should the ceiling fall in the night. Similar contraptions were erected for the rest of the household. We kept banging our heads every time we sat up, and finally decided repeated concussions might prove more injurious than what, by then, seemed a highly unlikely collapse.¹⁷ We dismantled the thing and resumed more or less normal living.¹⁸

搬回屋后一段時間里，我們仍然謹慎有加。中國的床只是在木板床架上鋪一層墊子，我們因為上了點年紀，就買了一張彈簧床墊，舊床木板還留著用，把它綁在床柱上，空懸在我們的床榻上面，誠心希望要是夜里天花板掉下來的話它能保護我們，類似的新招兒也用在家里其他地方。由于每次從床上坐起來都會撞頭，最后我們盤算明白了，老這么碰頭對腦子的震蕩可能比天花板砸下來傷害更大，何況此時看樣子房子不大可能倒塌。于是我們把這玩意兒拆掉，總算恢復了正常生活。

注釋：

1. 1976年發(fā)生的唐山大地震給當?shù)睾途┙虻貐^(qū)造成重大損失，影響到普通人的正常生活。沙博理在其英文自傳My China: The Metamorphosis of a Country and a Man（《我的中國》）中用生動、細膩的筆觸記錄了這次地震后兩個月的生活情況，措辭精準，句式活潑，行文簡潔，不乏詼諧，生活氣息濃厚，是一篇不可多得的散文風格紀實文字。選文取自該書1997 年版第203—205 頁，標題為譯者所加。

2. 句中these events指1976年發(fā)生的幾件大事：1月8日周總理去世，4月5日天安門事件，7月6日朱德逝世?；趯θ髦嫉目剂浚瑢oined靈活譯成“添亂”，與文末resumed譯作“恢復”形成首尾對照，是基于語篇理解后的措辭選擇。

3. 根據(jù)語義將原文成分進行詞性轉換，將原文謂語動詞did not get off轉化為譯文的名詞主語“損傷”；原文主語others轉化為譯文的主語修飾語“其他房舍的”，使譯文通順流暢，符合中文的表達習慣。

4. 此處采用增譯法，使得譯文更加飽滿，更加符合漢語讀者的認知。

5. ward off the weather譯作“遮風擋雨”，四字格的運用既準確到位，又干脆利落。

6. 根據(jù)漢語語義流增加了連接詞“而”，使得譯文更符合漢語行文邏輯。

7. 將賓語提前，突出強調，同時也更加符合漢語的習慣，讀者讀來更加流暢貼切。

8. of every description拆分成獨立短句“各式各樣”，避免句子冗長。

9. lined、mushroomed譯為“搭建”“簇立”十分巧妙，畫面感十足。

10. 原文是被動句，翻譯時用無主句，巧妙避免譯文出現(xiàn)被動結構。

11. 英語中常用破折號對前文提到的內容進行信息的補充或解釋說明；譯成漢語時則需考慮漢語行文的流暢，靈活處理破折號內的信息。譯者注意到了這點，善用漢語的流水句，將原文的四個句子由不同的動詞串聯(lián)起，合為一整句。

12. 英文句子注重主語，漢語句子注重話題。譯者根據(jù)“搭防震棚”這一話題將原句中四句話合譯為一句，話題更加緊湊，行文更加流暢，更符合中文的表達習慣。

13. 句尾感嘆詞“呢”的使用，使句子更生動活潑。