同學(xué)們還在頭疼到底應(yīng)該記哪些語(yǔ)法嘛?今天跟小編來(lái)看看有哪些重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法吧!
Unit1:
直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)(一)
直接引語(yǔ):直接引述別人的原話。一般前后要加引號(hào)。
間接引語(yǔ):用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。間接引語(yǔ)在多數(shù)情況下可構(gòu)成賓語(yǔ)從句且不要加引號(hào)。 例:Mr. Black said, “ I’m busy.” Mr. Black said that he was busy.
變化規(guī)則
1. 陳述句的變化規(guī)則
直接引語(yǔ)如果是陳述句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),用連詞that(可省略)引導(dǎo),從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)都要發(fā)生相應(yīng)的變化。
(1)人稱的變化——人稱的變化主要是要理解句子的意思
例:1. He said, “ I like it very much.” → He said that he liked it very much.
2. He said to me, “I'v left my book in your room.” → He told me that he had left his book in my room.
例: “I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne. →Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary. The boy said, “I’m using a knife.” → The boy said that he was using a knife.
▲注意:如果直接引語(yǔ)是客觀真理,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)不變,
如: He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
(2)指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞的變化
3. 疑問(wèn)句的變化規(guī)則
如果直接引語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)要把疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z(yǔ)序,句末用句號(hào)。 (1)一般疑問(wèn)句:如果直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是say或said時(shí),要改為 ask 或asked,原問(wèn)句變?yōu)橛蒳f/whether 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。
例:“Do you think a diary can become your friend?” the writer says. → The writer asks us if we think a diary can become our friend.
(3)特殊疑問(wèn)句:如果間接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),仍用原來(lái)的引導(dǎo)詞,但疑問(wèn)句要變?yōu)殛愂鼍洹?/p>
例:“What do you want?” he asked me.
→ He asked me what I wanted
Unit2:
直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)(二)
3.祈使句的變化規(guī)則
如果直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句,變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí),要將祈使句的動(dòng)詞原形變?yōu)閹o的不定式,并根據(jù)句子意思在不定式前加上tell/ask/order等動(dòng)詞,如果祈使句是否定句,在不定式前面還要加上not。
例:The hostess said to us, “Please sit down.”
→ The hostess asked us to sit down.
He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys.”
→ He told the boys not to make so much noise.
Unit3:
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)
表示在近期按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
① 瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)在任何情況下都表示將來(lái)含義。
這些動(dòng)詞包括go , come , leave,arrive , return等。
I am leaving. 我將要離開了。
I am leaving tomorrow. 我將會(huì)明天離開。
② 持續(xù)動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí),只有在有將來(lái)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或?qū)?lái)語(yǔ)境的情況下才可以表示將來(lái)含義。 An American professor is giving a lecture this afternoon.
今天下午一位美國(guó)教授將要作報(bào)告。(將來(lái)含義)
An American professor is giving a lecture. 一個(gè)美國(guó)教授正在作報(bào)告。(進(jìn)行含義)
Unit4:
定語(yǔ)從句
概念:在復(fù)合句中,修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。
成分:先行詞,即被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞;關(guān)系代詞:that,which,who(賓格為whom,所有格為whose);或者關(guān)系副詞where,when,why等。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞處在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間,起著連接主從句的作用。
1. 關(guān)系代詞that的用法
關(guān)系代詞that在定語(yǔ)從句中既能指人,也能指物;既能做主語(yǔ),也能做賓語(yǔ)。
例:1)A plane is a machine that can fly. (指物,作主語(yǔ))
2)The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. (指物,作賓語(yǔ),可省略)
3)Who is the man that is reading a book over there? (指人,作主語(yǔ))
4)The girl (that) we saw yesterday was Jim’s sister,(指人,作賓語(yǔ),可省略)
2. 關(guān)系代詞which的用法
3. 關(guān)系代詞which在定語(yǔ)從句中只能指物,既可以做賓語(yǔ)也能作主語(yǔ)。
例:1)They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. (作主語(yǔ))
2)The fish (which) we bought this morning were not fresh. (作賓語(yǔ),可省略)
4. 關(guān)系代詞who,whom的用法
關(guān)系代詞who,whom 只能指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中分別作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)
例:1)The foreigner who helped us yesterday is from USA.(作主語(yǔ))
3)The person to whom you just talked to is Mr. Li. (作賓語(yǔ),可省略)
5. 關(guān)系代詞whose的用法
關(guān)系代詞whose為關(guān)系代詞who的所有格形式,其先行詞既可以是人也可以是物,whose和它所修飾的名詞在定語(yǔ)從句中既可以做主語(yǔ)也可以做賓語(yǔ)。
例:1)This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. (指人,作主語(yǔ))
2) The room whose window faces south is mine. (指物,作主語(yǔ))
3) He has written a book whose name I’ve forgotten. (指物,作賓語(yǔ))
6. 關(guān)系副詞when的用法 關(guān)系副詞when在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
例:1)I’ll never forget the time when (=during which) we worked on the farm.
2) Do you remember the afternoon when (=on which) we first met three years ago?
7. 關(guān)系副詞where在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法
關(guān)系副詞where在定語(yǔ)從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)
例:1)This is the place where( =at/in which) we first met.
3) The hotel where (= in which ) we stayed wasn’t very clean.
8. 關(guān)系副詞why在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法
關(guān)系副詞why在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)
例: 1). I didn’t get a pay rise, but this wasn’t the reason why(= for which) I left.
2) . The reason why (=for which) he has late was that he missed the train.
看完小編的總結(jié)同學(xué)們有沒(méi)有思路清晰一點(diǎn)呢?