英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí):什么才是省時(shí)又省力的記憶規(guī)律？

Long Term and Short Term

長(zhǎng)期記憶和短期記憶

Remembering is really the act of recalling something that we"ve stored away in our brains.

記憶實(shí)際就是回想起我們之前儲(chǔ)存在腦內(nèi)的信息。

Think of your brain as a storage space with two compartments called long term and short term.

把大腦想成存在兩個(gè)存儲(chǔ)區(qū)間：長(zhǎng)期記憶區(qū)間和短期記憶區(qū)間。

Obviously, if we store something away in the short-term compartment, we won"t be able to keep it very long. It dissolves within seconds if we don"t refresh and renew it.

顯然，如果我們把信息儲(chǔ)存在短期記憶區(qū)內(nèi)，我們很快就會(huì)忘掉這些信息。如果我們不反復(fù)回憶這些信息，過(guò)幾秒后我們就會(huì)遺忘。

Short term memory is sometimes called working memory. It involves the process of remembering little tidbits of information that we need as we work through our day. An example of working memory in action is remembering where we place our pencil between working on math problems.

短時(shí)記憶有時(shí)也被稱作工作記憶，是我們?cè)诠ぷ髦杏涀⌒畔⒌倪^(guò)程。一個(gè)例子就是，我們?cè)谧鲾?shù)學(xué)題的時(shí)候可以記得自己把筆放在何處。

You won"t really need that information later in the day, so you don"t even try to send that sort of information to the long-term bin.

之后這個(gè)信息對(duì)我們就沒(méi)有用處了，所以不用把這種信息變成長(zhǎng)期記憶。

When we encounter information that we know we"ll need to use later, we try to memorize it by sending it to the long term compartment. Sometimes it stays there, and sometimes it dissolves.

當(dāng)我們接觸到將來(lái)可能還會(huì)再用到的信息，我們?cè)囍阉鼉?chǔ)存在長(zhǎng)期記憶區(qū)。有時(shí)，信息會(huì)一直留在長(zhǎng)期記憶區(qū)，而有時(shí)它們也會(huì)消失不見(jiàn)。

There are a few ways to make things "stick."

下面是保持記憶的幾種方法。

Committing Things to Long Term Memory

把信息變成長(zhǎng)期記憶

There is one fail-safe way to keep memories "fresh" in the long term bin. That method is rehearsing. When you rehearse information over and over, it starts to sink in. Once it sinks in, you can recall it as you need it.

有一種萬(wàn)無(wú)一失的方法幫助我們形成長(zhǎng)期記憶。這種方法的實(shí)質(zhì)就是重復(fù)回憶。當(dāng)你不斷地重復(fù)某個(gè)信息，這個(gè)信息就會(huì)嵌入你的腦中。一旦如此，今后有需要的話就能隨時(shí)想起。

But there"s another process that takes place in long term memory that you should be aware of. It"s called deletion.

但是，還有一點(diǎn)要注意的是，長(zhǎng)期記憶區(qū)內(nèi)也存在另一個(gè)過(guò)程，這就是遺忘。

New information decays if you ignore it too long.

長(zhǎng)時(shí)間忽略新信息就會(huì)遺忘。

New information dissolves if it becomes bombarded by too much noise and interference.

周遭有太多噪音與干擾也會(huì)產(chǎn)生遺忘。

If you wait too long between rehearsal sessions, decay can set in. If you try to memorize information while the TV is on, the interference can cause deletion.

如果兩次重復(fù)的時(shí)間間隔太長(zhǎng)，也會(huì)漸漸遺忘。如果你開(kāi)著電視記憶，這種干擾也會(huì)讓記憶效果大打折扣。

The science behind memory and recall leads to several conclusions about memorizing information for school:

記憶背后的科學(xué)奧秘對(duì)如何學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)給出了幾條結(jié)論。

1.Rehearsal, which means repetition, makes information sink in.

重復(fù)回顧讓信息嵌入腦中。

2.You should not wait until the last day to study.

不要等到最后一天才開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)。

3.You should not wait too long between rehearsal (study) sessions.

兩次重復(fù)的時(shí)間間隔不能太長(zhǎng)。

4.Even if you study a lot, you will forget some information if you don"t review.

就算你學(xué)了很多，不復(fù)習(xí)的話也會(huì)忘記。