①. 英文先結(jié)果,后原因。
因為我愛他而不是恨他,所以我才會批評他。
I criticized him, not because I hate him but because I love him.
也許校園生活并非總像想象中的那樣,所以很多學生才會感到失落。
Many students feel lost because campus life is not always what they imagined.
②.英文先結(jié)論,后敘事
經(jīng)過多年的努力,我們終于解決了這個難題。
We have solved the problem after many years’ hard work.
③. 英語先表態(tài),后敘事
是什么導致了人的犯罪,我們還不能確定。
We are still not sure what causes people to commit a crime
死記硬背有很多的局限性,這一點我們必須承認。
We should admit that rote learning has a number of limitations.
3.英語多替換,漢語多重復
由于英文重形合,所以通過各種形合手段將比較大量的信息連接在一個句子里,聯(lián)系緊密,邏輯分明。這種情況下,其代詞所指往往比較明確而不易混淆,因此,為了避免單調(diào)乏味,英文句子常常采用替換、省略等方式來變換同一個詞的表達。而中文則相反,由于漢語主要考意合,考隱含的邏輯貫穿全句,因此為了保持句子的“形散神不散”,就需要通過重復的手段來增強凝聚力,保持讀者的注意力。所以,漢語往往不使用同義詞等替代手段,因為那樣會使得精力分散。如,用代詞替代:
他討厭失敗,他一生曾戰(zhàn)勝失敗,超越失敗,并且蔑視別人的失敗。
He hated failure, he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others.
而不會寫成:
He hated failure, he had conquered the failure all his life, risen above the failure, despised the failure in others.