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語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目 構(gòu) 成 用 法 象 征 詞 規(guī)則變化 不規(guī)則變化 例 句 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 動(dòng)詞用原形
三人稱單數(shù)-s / es表示經(jīng)常性的
動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)Every often always on 天 in月、季、節(jié)、年。 一般-s –es 輔音＋y---ies have----has
He goes to school every day.
I often have lunch at home.一般過去時(shí) 動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)
Be—was/ were表過去某個(gè)、段時(shí)間內(nèi)動(dòng)作及狀態(tài) ago/just now /In1998 last/yesterday 等 一般/去e 雙寫/輔＋y結(jié)尾－ied go-went come-came
do-did leave-left等He wrote a letter yesterday.
I studied hard last year.一般將來時(shí) be going to＋V原
will / shall + V原在將來某個(gè)時(shí)間或
某段時(shí)要做的事tomorrow / after
next / tonight in 2010
Go come leave stay
fly等用進(jìn)行表將來Are you going to read ?
He is coming tomorrow .現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) be＋doing 表此時(shí)此刻正進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) listen look now
all the time Don’t…一般去e 雙寫
+ingtie die lie –
變ie為y加ingTom is writing now .
They are lying on the bed .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行have / has +PP
have/has been+doing發(fā)生在過去影響在現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)等 含糊的頻率副詞 already just never ever 分詞規(guī)則的同過去式是一樣的 不規(guī)則的動(dòng)詞的過去分詞需逐個(gè)記憶 I have been teaching for 8 years.
He has slept for two days..過去進(jìn)行時(shí) was / were +doing
多用于復(fù)合句中表在過去某時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 at this time yesterday
last Sunday evening一般去e 雙寫
+ingtie die lie –
變ie為y加ingHe was reading at that time
last Friday過去完成時(shí) had+動(dòng)過去分詞
多用于復(fù)合句中該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去的過去 by the time＋過去時(shí)
when after before規(guī)則的分詞構(gòu)成與過去時(shí)一樣的 需要逐個(gè)記憶
詳見不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表We had learnt 2000 words
by the end of last year.過去將來時(shí) would + V 原形
多用賓語(yǔ)從句中過去看來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) He said that he… the next day . He said that he would come here the next day . 比較級(jí)形式
形容副詞名詞后--er 前加more
名詞比較用more表示兩個(gè)人、物
之間進(jìn)行比較時(shí)than /much/ a little
far / in the two 等一般/去e 雙寫/輔＋y結(jié)尾－ier good/well —better
much/many—moreShe is the tall in the two.
He runs faster than Tom .最高級(jí)形式
形容副詞名詞后-est 前加most
名詞比較用most大于等于三個(gè)人、物之間進(jìn)行比較 in the ＋比較范圍
of the 具體的數(shù)字一般/去e 雙寫/輔＋y結(jié)尾－iest bad/ill/badly-worst
far-farther-farthestShe is the most beautiful
in her class.(最高級(jí)加the)動(dòng)詞不定式
to do沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化作主語(yǔ)
To read is helpful for anybody now .作賓語(yǔ)
He wants to buy a dictionary.作賓補(bǔ)
I hear him sing yesterday
Tom told me to open it.作表語(yǔ)
His job is to take care of children .作狀語(yǔ)
He’ll go to see a doctor tomorrow .作定語(yǔ)
He has much homework
to do every day .主從復(fù)合句 狀語(yǔ)從句
句子作狀語(yǔ) （時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因條件讓步比較）
He was writing a letter when I came in。賓語(yǔ)從句
句子作賓語(yǔ)（語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài)、引導(dǎo)詞、客觀事實(shí)）
He asked me if I had been to Beijing before.定語(yǔ)從句
句子作定語(yǔ)（修飾名詞或代詞的句子、注意先行詞）
I saw the man who was stealing my bike yesterday主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)
與
被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)（人、物）+ 謂語(yǔ) + 賓語(yǔ)
動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者 + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)作承受者
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：主語(yǔ)（人、物）+be PP + by賓語(yǔ)
動(dòng)作承受者 + be PP + by動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者
在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中沒有可以省to 的不定式We speak English .
主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ)
English is spoken by us
賓改主 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 be PP 主by 賓主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)，先找主、謂、賓，賓改主、主by賓，代詞變格要細(xì)心，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞be pp,時(shí)態(tài)隨主、數(shù)隨被
PP 是及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞加ed 或不規(guī)則詳見表
被動(dòng)句的時(shí)態(tài)（be）隨主動(dòng)句的時(shí)態(tài)（do）人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)隨被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)(am、is、are、was、were等 )
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