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英語語音(English Pronunciation)

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      英語語音(English Pronunciation)
       

      1、關(guān)于語音的幾個概念

      1)
      字母:語言的書寫形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u.

      2) 音標(biāo):詞的語音形式。

      3) 音素:音的最小的單位。英語中有48音素。

      4) 音節(jié):由元音和輔音構(gòu)成的發(fā)音單位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand.

      5) 元音:發(fā)音響亮,是樂音;口腔中氣流不收阻礙;是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語中有20元音。

      6) 輔音:發(fā)音不響亮,是噪音;口腔中氣流受到阻礙;不是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語中有28輔音。

      7) 開音節(jié):a) 輔音+元音+輔音+e name bike;b) 輔音+元音 he, go, hi.

      8) 閉音節(jié):a) 輔音+元音+輔音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+輔音it.

      9) 重讀音節(jié):單詞中發(fā)音特別響亮的音節(jié)。


      2、元音:(注意:下面空方括號是電腦無法輸入的音標(biāo))

      1) [i:] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling

      2) [i] sit, build, miss, myth

      3) [e] bed, desk, head,

      4) [ ] bad, land, bank, stamp

      5) [a:] car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt

      6) [ ] hot, want

      7) [ ] door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught

      8) [u:] good, who, blue, soup,

      9) [u] look, put, women, could

      10) [ ] cup, come, blood, rough

      11) [ ] girl, work, serve, nurse

      12) [ ] cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday

      13) [ei] cake, they, play, eight, great,

      14) [ai] bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye

      15) [ ] phone, cold, boat, soul, grow

      16) [au] house, town

      17) [ ] boy, oil

      18) [ ] dear, idea, deer, here, fierce,

      19) [ ] pear, care, there, fair

      20) [ ] tour, poor,


      3、容易混淆的元音

      1) [e] [] bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land

      2) [i:] [ei] real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid

      3) [e] [ai] bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide

      4) [au] [ ] house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause

      5) [au] [ ] found fond; gown gone; down don


      4、輔音

      1) [p] pen,

      2) [b] bed, comb

      3) [t] tell,

      4) [d], day, played, wanted

      5) [k] cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box

      6) [g] big, go, guess, language

      7) [m] man

      8) [n] nine, knife, autumn

      9) [ ] bank, uncle, English, sing,

      10) [l] land, world

      11) [r] read, write,

      12) [f] five, cough, laugh

      13) [v] voice, of

      14) [ ] think,

      15) [ ] this, bathe

      16) [s] sit, miss, science, case, scarf

      17) [z] zoo, close,

      18) [ ] sure, she, social, nation

      19) [ ] pleasure,

      20) [h] hot, who, hour

      21) [w] wall, what, answer

      22) [j] yes

      23) [ ] child, teach, catch

      24) [ ] joke, bridge,

      25) [ts] boats

      26) [dz] goods

      27) [tr] tree

      28) [dr] dream


      5、容易混淆的輔音

      1) [v] [w] vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well

      2) [s] [ ] sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math

      3) [z] [ ] closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes

      4) [n] [ ] thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang


      6、讀音規(guī)則

      1) 重讀音節(jié)(見元音和輔音的例句)

      2) 非重讀音節(jié) [ ] banana, student, today, after,

      [i] orange, secret, evening, very, Monday


      7、特殊讀音

      1) 音的連讀:not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all

      2) 失去爆破:good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme

      3) 音的同化:this year, Would you do it? Can't you see it?


      8、重音

      1)單詞重音

      A)雙音節(jié)詞

      a)一般在第一個音節(jié)重讀。letter, sorry

      b) a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前綴的詞,第二個音節(jié)是重音。

      a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect, com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss,

      im'press, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'late

      c) de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前綴的重音與詞義和詞類有關(guān), 一般名詞的重音在第一個音節(jié)上,其它的詞性在第二個音節(jié)上。

      'record, re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content, con'tent

      d)有些復(fù)合詞和帶有前綴 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的詞,有兩個重音。

      'out'side, 're'tell, 'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese, 'pre-'war, 'post-'war

      B)多音節(jié)詞

      a)一般倒數(shù)第三個音節(jié)是重音。'difficult, 'communist, 'family, e'conomy, oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.

      b)有一些雙音節(jié)詞,加了前綴和后綴成了多音節(jié),但這些詞按原來詞根的重音讀音。

      'carefully, in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor, ac'cording, dis'turbance, 'complicated,es'tablishment,

      c)詞尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后綴的詞,重音在這些后綴的前一個音節(jié)上。

      cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'torial, his'torian, peri'odic, mathe'matics, ex'perience,suf'ficient, i'dentify, trans'lation, re'ligious, curi'osity, pro'tective

      d)詞尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后綴的詞,重音在該后綴上,而且有一個次重音。enter'tain, emplo'yee, mountai'neer, Japa'nese, ciga'rette

      2)句子重音

      A) 英語的節(jié)奏:(輕)----(輕)或重--(輕)(輕)重

      B) 英語句子的長短:是由句子中的重讀詞的數(shù)目決定的,而不是象漢語那樣由句子中的漢字?jǐn)?shù)目決定的。

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