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英語語音(English Pronunciation)
1、關(guān)于語音的幾個概念
1) 字母：語言的書寫形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u.2) 音標(biāo)：詞的語音形式。
3) 音素：音的最小的單位。英語中有48音素。
4) 音節(jié)：由元音和輔音構(gòu)成的發(fā)音單位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand.
5) 元音：發(fā)音響亮，是樂音；口腔中氣流不收阻礙；是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語中有20元音。
6) 輔音：發(fā)音不響亮，是噪音；口腔中氣流受到阻礙；不是構(gòu)成音節(jié)的主要音。英語中有28輔音。
7) 開音節(jié)：a) 輔音+元音+輔音+e name bike；b) 輔音+元音 he, go, hi.
8) 閉音節(jié)：a) 輔音+元音+輔音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup； b)元音+輔音it.
9) 重讀音節(jié)：單詞中發(fā)音特別響亮的音節(jié)。
2、元音：（注意：下面空方括號是電腦無法輸入的音標(biāo)）1) [i:] sea, he, see, piece, ceiling
2) [i] sit, build, miss, myth
3) [e] bed, desk, head,
4) [ ] bad, land, bank, stamp
5) [a:] car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt
6) [ ] hot, want
7) [ ] door, more, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught
8) [u:] good, who, blue, soup,
9) [u] look, put, women, could
10) [ ] cup, come, blood, rough
11) [ ] girl, work, serve, nurse
12) [ ] cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday
13) [ei] cake, they, play, eight, great,
14) [ai] bike, die, neither, light, try, find, height, eye
15) [ ] phone, cold, boat, soul, grow
16) [au] house, town
17) [ ] boy, oil
18) [ ] dear, idea, deer, here, fierce,
19) [ ] pear, care, there, fair
20) [ ] tour, poor,
3、容易混淆的元音1) [e] [] bed bad; men, man; pen, pan; lend land
2) [i:] [ei] real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid
3) [e] [ai] bet bite; red write; said side, head, hide
4) [au] [ ] house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause
5) [au] [ ] found fond; gown gone; down don
4、輔音1) [p] pen,
2) [b] bed, comb
3) [t] tell,
4) [d], day, played, wanted
5) [k] cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box
6) [g] big, go, guess, language
7) [m] man
8) [n] nine, knife, autumn
9) [ ] bank, uncle, English, sing,
10) [l] land, world
11) [r] read, write,
12) [f] five, cough, laugh
13) [v] voice, of
14) [ ] think,
15) [ ] this, bathe
16) [s] sit, miss, science, case, scarf
17) [z] zoo, close,
18) [ ] sure, she, social, nation
19) [ ] pleasure,
20) [h] hot, who, hour
21) [w] wall, what, answer
22) [j] yes
23) [ ] child, teach, catch
24) [ ] joke, bridge,
25) [ts] boats
26) [dz] goods
27) [tr] tree
28) [dr] dream
5、容易混淆的輔音1) [v] [w] vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well
2) [s] [ ] sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math
3) [z] [ ] closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes
4) [n] [ ] thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang
6、讀音規(guī)則1) 重讀音節(jié)（見元音和輔音的例句）
2) 非重讀音節(jié) [ ] banana, student, today, after,
[i] orange, secret, evening, very, Monday
7、特殊讀音1) 音的連讀：not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all
2) 失去爆破：good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme
3) 音的同化：this year, Would you do it? Can't you see it?
8、重音1)單詞重音
A)雙音節(jié)詞
a)一般在第一個音節(jié)重讀。letter, sorry
b)有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前綴的詞，第二個音節(jié)是重音。
a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect, com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss,
im'press, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'late
c)有 de-, in-, re-, con-, pre- 等前綴的重音與詞義和詞類有關(guān), 一般名詞的重音在第一個音節(jié)上，其它的詞性在第二個音節(jié)上。
'record, re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'sent; 'content, con'tent
d)有些復(fù)合詞和帶有前綴 re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-, 等的詞，有兩個重音。
'out'side, 're'tell, 'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fif'teen, 'Chi'nese, 'pre-'war, 'post-'war
B)多音節(jié)詞
a)一般倒數(shù)第三個音節(jié)是重音。'difficult, 'communist, 'family, e'conomy, oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.
b)有一些雙音節(jié)詞，加了前綴和后綴成了多音節(jié)，但這些詞按原來詞根的重音讀音。
'carefully, in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor, ac'cording, dis'turbance, 'complicated,es'tablishment,
c)詞尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, ive 后綴的詞，重音在這些后綴的前一個音節(jié)上。
cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'torial, his'torian, peri'odic, mathe'matics, ex'perience,suf'ficient, i'dentify, trans'lation, re'ligious, curi'osity, pro'tective
d)詞尾有 -ain, -ee, -eer, -ese, -ette 后綴的詞，重音在該后綴上，而且有一個次重音。enter'tain, emplo'yee, mountai'neer, Japa'nese, ciga'rette
2)句子重音
A) 英語的節(jié)奏：（輕）-輕-重-輕-（輕）或重-輕-（輕）（輕）重
B) 英語句子的長短：是由句子中的重讀詞的數(shù)目決定的，而不是象漢語那樣由句子中的漢字?jǐn)?shù)目決定的。
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