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英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)是怎樣的?什么是英語(yǔ)中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?

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2020年02月22日

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英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)是怎樣的?什么是英語(yǔ)中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)?


  大家在學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候,是需要了解下英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)方面的知識(shí)的,那么英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)是怎樣的?什么是英語(yǔ)中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)呢?今天就給大家具體介紹下這些問(wèn)題,以供參考。
英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)
英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)

  英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全——英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)
  動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)概述
  語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種:主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
  主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的接受者為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
  1)若賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是不帶to 的不定式,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 時(shí),該不定式前要加"to"。此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞為感官動(dòng)詞。
  feel, hear, help, listen to, look at, make, observe, see, notice, watch
  The teacher made me go out of the classroom.
  --> I was made to go out of the classroom (by the teacher).
  We saw him play football on the playground.
  --> He was seen to play football on the playground.
  2)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be +過(guò)去分詞,構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
  Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.
  let 的用法
  1)當(dāng)let后只有一個(gè)單音節(jié)動(dòng)詞,變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),可用不帶to 的不定式。
  They let the strange go.
  ---> The strange was let go.
  2)若let 后賓補(bǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí),let 通常不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),而用allow或permit 代替。
  The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital.
  ----> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.
  短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
  短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)整體,不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。
  This is a photo of the power station that has been set up in my hometown.
  My sister will be taken care of by Grandma.
  Such a thing has never been heard of before..
  表示"據(jù)說(shuō)"或"相信" 的詞組
  believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, supp
  ose, think, understand
  It is said that…據(jù)說(shuō)
  It is reported that…據(jù)報(bào)道
  It is believed that…大家相信
  It is hoped that…大家希望
  It is well known that…眾所周知
  It is thought that…大家認(rèn)為
  It is suggested that…據(jù)建議
  It is taken granted that…被視為當(dāng)然
  It has been decided that…大家決定
  It must be remember that…務(wù)必記住的是
  It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.
  不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況
  1)不及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
  appear, die disappear, end (vi. 結(jié)束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand,break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.
  After the fire, very little remained of my house.
  比較:rise, fall, happen是不及物動(dòng)詞;raise, seat是及物動(dòng)詞。
  (錯(cuò)) The price has been risen.
  (對(duì)) The price has risen.
  (錯(cuò)) The accident was happened last week.
  (對(duì)) The accident happened last week.
  (錯(cuò)) The price has raised.
  (對(duì)) The price has been raised.
  (錯(cuò)) Please seat.
  (對(duì)) Please be seated.
  要想正確地使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),就須注意哪些動(dòng)詞是及物的,哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動(dòng)詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問(wèn)題唯有在學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中多留意積累。
  2)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)
  fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to
  This key just fits the lock.
  Your story agrees with what had already been heard.
  3)系動(dòng)詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
  appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
  It sounds good.
  4)帶同源賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞,反身代詞,相互代詞,不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
  die, death, dream, live, life
  She dreamed a bad dream last night.
  5)當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是不定式時(shí),很少用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
  (對(duì)) She likes to swim.
  (錯(cuò)) To swim is liked by her.
  主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義
  1)wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell, drive…
  The book sells well.  這本書(shū)銷(xiāo)路好。
  This knife cuts easily.  這刀子很好用。
  2)blame, let(出租), remain, keep, rent, build
  I was to blame for the accident.
  Much work remains.
  3)在need, require, want, worth (形容詞), deserve后的動(dòng)名詞必須用主動(dòng)形式。
  The door needs repairing.
  = The door needs to be repaired.
  This room needs cleaning. 這房間應(yīng)該打掃一下。
  This book is worth reading. 這本書(shū)值得一讀。
  4)特殊結(jié)構(gòu):make sb. heard / understood (使別人能聽(tīng)見(jiàn)/理解自己),
  have sth. done ( 要某人做某事)。
  被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義
  be determined,
  be pleased,
  be graduated (from),
  be finished,
  be prepared (for),
  be occupied (in),
  get marries
  He is graduated from a famous university.
  他畢業(yè)于一所有名的大學(xué)。
  注意:表示同某人結(jié)婚,用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。
  He married a rich girl.
  He got married to a rich girl.
  need/want/require/worth
  注意:當(dāng) need, want, require, worth(形容詞)后面接doing也可以表示被動(dòng)
  初中英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)講解
  被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者,什么事情被主語(yǔ)做。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成和形式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由"助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞"構(gòu)成,一定要記住是及物動(dòng)詞。助動(dòng)詞必須與主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)一致,注意要與我們前一講學(xué)過(guò)的八個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)配合使用。
  適合被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況:
  不知道動(dòng)作由誰(shuí)發(fā)出,或由于某種原因沒(méi)有必要說(shuō)明誰(shuí)發(fā)出動(dòng)作。如: This table is made of wood. 需要突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),如: This park was built for children.
  注意:主動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)如果是people,they,somebody等含糊的表示"人或人們",沒(méi)有確指執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí),為被動(dòng)句時(shí),通常省略"by+執(zhí)行者"。如:The door was opened secretly. But nobody came in.
  注意:在主動(dòng)句里,不定式在make,see,hear等動(dòng)詞后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)都不帶to,但變成被動(dòng)句時(shí),后面的不定式都需帶to。如:He was made to do that work.
  主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的情況:學(xué)了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),別以為主動(dòng)句和被動(dòng)句可以隨意轉(zhuǎn)換,千萬(wàn)要注意呀!有些主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞時(shí), 如:You should take care of yourself.當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)是表狀態(tài)的而不是表具體動(dòng)作的及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),如:Does the skirt suit you?
英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)
英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)
 
  學(xué)好英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法——英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)
  動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)是用來(lái)表示動(dòng)作的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種:主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中,動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者一般由介詞by引出。
  考點(diǎn):
  1、常用時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)形式;
  2、短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);
  3、不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞;
  4、被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)表示主動(dòng);
  5、主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)等。
  1 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成
  英語(yǔ)中,一般只有及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式主要有:
  1)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成形式
  被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本構(gòu)成形式為“be+過(guò)去分詞”。其中be無(wú)意義,但有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。如下表。
  2)含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式
  當(dāng)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞結(jié)合使用時(shí),結(jié)構(gòu)形式為“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+done”。有時(shí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的be還可用完成形式。
  I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day.
  家住機(jī)場(chǎng)邊,飛機(jī)伴我眠。
  正規(guī)版:我住在機(jī)場(chǎng)邊上,每天白天黑夜都能聽(tīng)到飛機(jī)(轟鳴)的聲音。
  3)“get+過(guò)去分詞”被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)構(gòu)成形式
  略!請(qǐng)自行造句學(xué)習(xí)。
  2 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換
  轉(zhuǎn)換步驟(總共分三步):
 ?、儋e語(yǔ)(逆襲):現(xiàn)將主動(dòng)句中的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中的主語(yǔ);
 ?、趧?dòng)詞(變形):再將主動(dòng)句中的謂語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)形式;
 ?、壑髡Z(yǔ)(讓位):最后將主動(dòng)句中的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)橛蒪y引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)并后置。
  注意:
  將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)不變(別把人家整穿越了);
  主動(dòng)句中做賓語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)代詞需要變?yōu)橹鞲?,作主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)代詞放在介詞后變?yōu)橘e格。
  主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況
  1)“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)變被動(dòng)句
  動(dòng)詞變換。主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)換位置,變格。
  重點(diǎn):
  *主句如果是帶no的否定句,被動(dòng)句常用no,neither或never等。
  No onehas ever beaten her at tennis competition.
  無(wú)人能在乒乓球比賽中擊敗她!世界の最強(qiáng)!
  She hasneverbeen beaten at tennis competition.
  她在乒乓球比賽中從未被擊敗過(guò)!
  *否定的主動(dòng)句中帶有any-構(gòu)成的不定代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),變成被動(dòng)句時(shí),主語(yǔ)常由no-構(gòu)成的否定代詞。
  We didn’t noticeanythingspecial in his work.
  Nothingspecial was noticed in his work.
  2)“主語(yǔ)——謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)變成被動(dòng)句
  變成被動(dòng)句時(shí),有兩種情況。
 ?、賹㈤g接賓語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ),直接賓語(yǔ)位置不變;
 ?、诎阎苯淤e語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ),間接賓語(yǔ)前面加上介詞to或for。
  My uncle boughtmea newcomputer.
  間接賓語(yǔ) 直接賓語(yǔ)
  請(qǐng)記住:動(dòng)作的直接承受者是直接賓語(yǔ),中間者為間接賓語(yǔ)。
 ?、買(mǎi) was bought a new computer by my uncle.
 ?、贏 new computer was bought for me by my uncle.
  注意:
  并非所有雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)都可變成兩種形式的被動(dòng)句,當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)是從句時(shí)就不能變成被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)。
  She told me when the project would start.
  I was told when the project would start. (√)
  When the project would start was told to me. (×這樣說(shuō)實(shí)在是太難受了,但并不影響理解)
  3)“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)變被動(dòng)句
  變成被動(dòng)句,將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)位置不變,也自然成為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。
  People call this team acheerleading squad.
  人們管這種隊(duì)伍叫啦啦隊(duì)(啦啦隊(duì)是賓補(bǔ))。
  This team is called a cheerleading squad.
  重點(diǎn):
  在主動(dòng)句中,使役動(dòng)詞have, make, let以及感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面接不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),不帶to,但變成被動(dòng)句時(shí),需加上to。
  Sir! I notice a stranger to enter the hall. Should I shoot or solute?
  長(zhǎng)官!我發(fā)現(xiàn)大廳來(lái)了一位陌生人。我是該射擊還是敬禮?
  A stranger is noticed to enter the hall.
  4)含有be going to do 和be to do等結(jié)構(gòu)的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句
  含有be going to do 和be to do等結(jié)構(gòu)的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分別用be going to be done和be to be done結(jié)構(gòu),其中第一個(gè)be只有一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)兩種形式。
  We are going to discuss the problem at the meeting.
  The problem is going to be discussed at the meeting.
  They are to show this new film on TV next week.
  This new film is to be shown on TV next week.
  5)含有賓語(yǔ)從句的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句
  帶有賓語(yǔ)從句的主動(dòng)句變成被動(dòng)句時(shí),通常用it做被動(dòng)句的形式主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞改為be done結(jié)構(gòu),賓語(yǔ)從句保留不變,也就自然成了主語(yǔ)從句;
  或?qū)⒅鲃?dòng)句中從句的主語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ),從句的謂語(yǔ)變成不定式短語(yǔ)。
  We know that he is the best dentist in the town.
  It is known to us that he is the best dentist in the town. (賓語(yǔ)保留不變,采用形式賓語(yǔ)it)
  He is known to be the best dentist in the town. (從句主語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)句主語(yǔ))
  重點(diǎn):
  用it作形式主語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句型還有:it is said that據(jù)說(shuō)…; it is reported that據(jù)報(bào)道…;it is thought that人們認(rèn)為…;it is well known that眾所周知…;
  6)謂語(yǔ)為動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變被動(dòng)句
  有些不及物動(dòng)詞后面跟上介詞或副詞后,變成一個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)及物動(dòng)詞,這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可以有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),但不能把動(dòng)詞與其后的介詞或副詞拆開(kāi)。
  They have put off the meeting permanently till the country is stable again.
  他們把這次會(huì)議無(wú)限期推遲了,直到國(guó)家再次穩(wěn)定。(智利的APEC峰會(huì)了解一下)
  The meeting has been put off permanently till the country is stable again.
  7)雙重被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)
  雙重被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)指的是句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和其后的不定式均為被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),句子的主語(yǔ)既是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的承受者,同時(shí)又是不定時(shí)動(dòng)作的承受者。(這部分比較繞,請(qǐng)好好看例句,另外英國(guó)人超喜歡被動(dòng)語(yǔ)句,但實(shí)際上西方人做啥事情又超主動(dòng)。。。)
  They asked us to discuss the problem at once. (主動(dòng)句)
  We were asked to discuss the problem at once. (被動(dòng)句)
  The problem was asked to be discussed at once. (雙重被動(dòng):problem被要求被討論)
  The children are often asked to do too much homework.
  Too much homework is asked to be done by children.
  什么是英語(yǔ)中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
  那么什么叫做語(yǔ)態(tài)?語(yǔ)態(tài)是用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)和位于動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系,有主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)兩種。主動(dòng)主語(yǔ)就是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)就是主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞承受者。
  被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成。
  被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)很簡(jiǎn)單,就是be+done(動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞)
  我們需要明確幾個(gè)注意事項(xiàng):
  第一,只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
  第二,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式,not放在助動(dòng)詞之后,疑問(wèn)式中,助動(dòng)詞需要提到主語(yǔ)前。
  被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)可以放在各種時(shí)態(tài)之中,例句如下:
  一般現(xiàn)在時(shí):These chairs are designed for children.
  一般過(guò)去時(shí): We were moved by the story.
  我們以一個(gè)試題來(lái)檢測(cè)大家對(duì)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的掌握。
  At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement____(reach),請(qǐng)大家嘗試填入正確的形式。
  通過(guò)以上的內(nèi)容,我們已經(jīng)了解了英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)方面的知識(shí)了,可見(jiàn),英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)方面的知識(shí)點(diǎn)還是比較多的,大家一定要認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí),如果有不明白的地方,可以咨詢(xún)聽(tīng)力課堂。

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