學習英語之被動語態(tài)用法歸納分享

　　1被動語態(tài)用法全解

　　被動語態(tài)的時態(tài)：

　　1.一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)：

　　am/is/ are +動詞的過去分詞

　　2.一般過去時的被動語態(tài)：

　　was/were +動詞的過去分詞

　　3.一般將來時的被動語態(tài)：

　　will be +動詞的過去分詞

　　4.現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)：

　　am/is/are +being +動詞的過去分詞

　　5.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)：

　　have/has +been +動詞的過去分詞

　　6.情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：

　　情態(tài)動詞+ be +動詞的過去分詞

　　被動語態(tài)的基本用法:

　　(1)需要強調(diào)動作的承受者時

　　The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the world.

　　English is widely spoken in the world now.

　　(2)不知道或沒必要指出動作的執(zhí)行者時

　　Mr.Wang is invited to the meeting today.

　　The problem is dealt with now.

　　(3)當說話人需要強調(diào)客觀時

　　It is said that she was a beauty when she was young

　　主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)的變法：

　　賓變主，主變賓，謂變be done ,時不變，數(shù)格必須隨被變。

　　注:1.主動、被動的時態(tài)要一致。

　　2.主動、被動的句式要一致。

　　3.變成的被動語態(tài)的主語與謂語在單復數(shù)上保持一致。

　　一般過去時被動語態(tài)基本句式

　　(1)肯定式:主語+ was/were +過去分詞+by?

　　It was made in Beijing Ren'ai Education Institute.

　　(2)否定式:主語+was/were + not +過去分詞+ by?

　　She was not given a paniting by him.This question was not discussed at the meeting yesterday. (3)一般疑問句:Was/Were+主語+過去分詞+by?

　　Was it made of bamboo?

　　(4)特殊疑問句:特殊疑+was/were+過去分詞+by?

　　What was it made of?

　　特殊情況的被動語態(tài)：

　　1.帶雙賓語的被動語態(tài)：

　　動詞+ sb(間賓)+sth(直賓)

　　口訣：如遇雙賓語，一般變間賓，若把直賓變，to/for間賓連。

　　1).give/pass/show與介詞to搭配。

　　give sb sth 被動 :sb +be given sth或sth +be given +to sb.

　　e.g.He gave me a book Iwas givena book by him.

　　A bookwas given tome by him.

　　2).buy/make/cook與介詞for搭配。

　　buy sb sth被動:sb +be bought + sth或sth +be bought +for sb

　　e.g.My mother made me a cake.

　　I was made a cake by my mother

　　A cake was made for me by my mother.

　　2.帶省to的不定式作賓補的被動語態(tài)：動詞+ sb + do sth.

　　口訣：感使動詞真叫怪，to來to去記心懷，主動語態(tài)to離去被動語態(tài)to回來。

　　動詞：make/ let/have/see/hear/feel/watch

　　make sb do sth被動:sb + be +made +to do sth

　　e.g.The boss made the workers work all day

　　The workers was made to work all day by the boss.

　　3.see/hear/notice/keep +sb +doing sth句型中變被動語態(tài)時doing不變。

　　e.g.I heard Tom singing just now

　　Tom was heard singing by me just now.

　　4.以動詞短語作謂語的主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)時，不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。

　　e.g.We should take care of the old.

　　The old should be taken care of.

　　2被動語態(tài)的構成形式

　　1.被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化

　　被動語態(tài)通常為十種時態(tài)的被動形式, 被動語態(tài)由be 過去分詞構成，be隨時態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為：

　　1)am/is/are done (過去分詞)一般現(xiàn)在時

　　例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.

　　2)has/have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時

　　例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.

　　3)am/is/are being done 現(xiàn)在進行時

　　例A new cinema is being built here.

　　4)was/were done 一般過去時

　　例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.

　　5)had been done 過去完成時

　　例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing. 6)was/were being done 過去進行時

　　例A meeting was being held when I was there.

　　7)shall/will be done 一般將來時

　　例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.

　　8)should/would be done 過去將來時

　　例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.

　　9)shall/will have been done 將來完成時(少用)

　　例The project will have been completed before July.

　　2.被動語態(tài)的特殊結構形式

　　1)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結構。其形式為：情態(tài)動詞 be 過去分詞。

　　例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.

　　2)有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結構時，可以把主動結構中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。

　　例His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.

　　3)當“動詞 賓語 賓語補足語”結構變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y構中的主語，其余不動。

　　例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.

　　可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.

　　4)在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補語時，在主動結構中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y構時，要加to。

　　例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building.

　　5)有些相當于及物動詞的動詞詞組，如“動詞 介詞”，“動詞 副詞”等，也可以用于被動結構，但要把它們看作一個整體，不能分開。其中的介詞或副詞也不能省略。

　　例The meeting is to be put off till Friday.

　　3.非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)

　　v.ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動語態(tài)(一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài))。

　　例I don't like being laughed at in the public.

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