動(dòng)詞不定式

　　動(dòng)詞不定式

　　不定式定義：由to+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。不定式是一種非限定性動(dòng)詞。而非限定動(dòng)詞是指那些在句中不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞，可分為不定式，動(dòng)名詞，現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞。“動(dòng)詞不定式”由動(dòng)詞+不定式構(gòu)成。動(dòng)詞不定式在句中可以作句子除謂語(yǔ)之外的任何句子成分。動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式除了一般形式外還有其完成式和進(jìn)行式。

　　動(dòng)詞不定式 語(yǔ)態(tài)

　　如果動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)是這個(gè)不定式所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者，不定式一般要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。如：

　　It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.(不定式作主語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)to be invited是被邀請(qǐng))

　　It was impossible for lost time to be made up.(不定式作主語(yǔ))

　　I wish to be sent to work in the country.(不定式作賓語(yǔ))

　　Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?(不定式作定語(yǔ))

　　He went to the hospital to be examined.(不定式作狀語(yǔ))

　　在There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語(yǔ)的不定式可用被動(dòng)，也可用主動(dòng)。如：There are still many things to take care of (to be taken care of).但有時(shí)兩種形式表達(dá)的意思不同，如：There is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)

　　動(dòng)詞不定式　時(shí)態(tài)

　　1) 現(xiàn)在時(shí)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示的動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，有時(shí)發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后。

　　He seems to know this.

　　I hope to see you again. = I hope that I'll see you again.　我希望再見(jiàn)到你。

　　2) 完成時(shí)：表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前。

　　I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.

　　He seems to have caught a cold.

　　3)進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。

　　He seems to be eating something.

　　4)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)：

　　She is known to have been wreaking on the problem for many years.

　　一般在表示情緒的動(dòng)詞后加to do也表將來(lái)