門(mén)后的罪惡：女傭之殤

門(mén)后的罪惡：女傭之殤

The women came from different countries with the same dream: to leave behind the poverty of their villages. But instead of working as domestic help, they found themselves in a kind of prison, employed by people who treated them like something less than human. One was stabbed with a knife, another doused in boiling water, another raped and jailed.

這些來(lái)自不同國(guó)家的婦女有一個(gè)共同的夢(mèng)想：走出她們村子里的貧困生活。然而，幫別人做家務(wù)的工作卻讓她們陷入了某種牢獄，受雇于不把她們當(dāng)人對(duì)待的雇主。她們中有被刀捅過(guò)的，有被沸水澆身的，還有被強(qiáng)奸之后入獄的。

With his latest project, photographer Steve McCurry, best known for his work in war-torn countries like Afghanistan, has documented the suffering of women from Indonesia, Nepal and the Philippines who endured a myriad of abuses while working for families elsewhere in Asia and the Middle East.

攝影師史蒂夫·麥柯里(Steve McCurry)以他在飽受戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)蹂躪的國(guó)家、比如阿富汗的工作而聞名。他用自己最新的工作記錄了這些來(lái)自印度尼西亞、尼泊爾和菲律賓的婦女的苦難，這些婦女在給亞洲和中東國(guó)家的家庭工作中遭受了無(wú)數(shù)的虐待。

“They’re at the complete mercy of these people who see them almost like slaves: ‘You’re my property, you’ll do what I say,’” Mr. McCurry, 64, said. “They go home, and they’re disfigured, and they don’t have money, and they’re psychologically scarred. They end up coming home humiliated, and it becomes like a stigma. In a way, their lives are ruined.”

“她們完全憑任那些人支配，那些人把她們幾乎像奴隸那樣對(duì)待：‘你是我的財(cái)產(chǎn)，我讓你干什么，你就得干什么。’”64歲的麥柯里說(shuō)。“她們回到家中后面目全非，她們沒(méi)有錢(qián)，但心理傷痕累累。她們飽受羞辱回到家中，好像干了丟臉的事情。從某種意義上來(lái)說(shuō)，她們的人生被毀掉了。”

It is not necessarily a new story. A Malaysian couple was recently sentenced to be hanged for murdering their Indonesian maid by starving her, the latest in a series of headline-grabbing outrages. Responding to horrific treatment in countries like Saudi Arabia, the International Labor Organization, or ILO, a branch of the United Nations, passed a treaty to protect domestic workers in 2011.

這其實(shí)并不是一個(gè)新故事。一對(duì)馬來(lái)西亞夫婦最近因謀殺罪被判處絞刑，因?yàn)樗麄凁I死了他們雇傭的印尼女傭，這是一系列引人注目的暴行中最新的一例。聯(lián)合國(guó)分支機(jī)構(gòu)國(guó)際勞工組織(International Labor Organization，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)ILO)，為應(yīng)對(duì)比如沙特阿拉伯等國(guó)發(fā)生的虐待女傭問(wèn)題，于2011年通過(guò)一項(xiàng)條約，以保護(hù)從事家務(wù)的工人。

Yet the abuses continue, and only 14 countries have ratified the treaty.Mr. McCurry has always had an eye for portraits, for the survivors who make it through war. His best-known picture, known simply as “Afghan girl,” is of a 12-year-old Afghan girl with green eyes staring straight at the camera, published by National Geographic in 1985.

然而，虐待仍在繼續(xù)，上述條約只在14個(gè)國(guó)家正式生效。麥柯里一直對(duì)肖像照有特別的眼力，能捕捉到戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)幸存者的面部表情。他最有名的那張名為“阿富汗少女”的照片，發(fā)表在1985年的一期美國(guó)《國(guó)家地理》雜志上，照片上是一名12歲的阿富汗女孩，她綠色的眼睛直視著鏡頭。

These new photos are unsettling. In several, the young women show their scars. One Indonesian woman displays her naked back, with purple scars that look something like wings, from boiling water poured on her in Malaysia. A Nepali woman cradles her pregnant belly, the proof of her rape while working in the Middle East — and how she was jailed for adultery afterward.

他的新照片令人不安。在一些照片中，年輕的女性展示出自己的傷疤。一名印度尼西亞婦女展示了自己赤裸的背部，上面有看似翅膀的紫色疤痕，是她在馬來(lái)西亞被沸水澆身的后果。一名尼泊爾女子捧著自己懷孕的肚子，那是她在中東工作時(shí)被強(qiáng)奸的證明，而她卻因通奸罪被判了監(jiān)禁。

Some women stare straight at the camera, but not with the defiance shown by other subjects of Mr. McCurry. Instead, their eyes show pain, and almost beg viewers to pay attention to what happened. Mr. McCurry described taking such a portrait as a collaboration with his subject.

有的婦女眼睛直視攝像頭，但不以麥柯里拍攝的其他對(duì)象的那種蔑視的眼光，而是充滿痛苦的眼光，幾乎是在懇求觀眾，希望他們關(guān)心發(fā)生了的事情。麥柯里把肖像照描述為自己與攝影對(duì)象的一次合作。

“I think the best way to actually photograph somebody is to really look into their eyes,” he said. “The eyes are so expressive, they say so much about a person … I find it more direct and more simple and more honest to shoot people looking straight into my lens.”

“我覺(jué)得拍攝人的最好方法，是直對(duì)他們的眼睛，”他說(shuō)。“眼睛的表情如此豐富，它們?nèi)绱酥畹乇磉_(dá)著人的內(nèi)心......我覺(jué)得，拍攝直視鏡頭的人是更直接、更簡(jiǎn)單、更誠(chéng)實(shí)的方法。”

Mr. McCurry, who has spent about 35 years in Asia, came to this project through Karen Emmons, 54, a Bangkok-based journalist who became interested in the abuse of domestic workers about seven years ago, while researching an ILO report in Indonesia. After winning a small grant from the ILO, she enlisted Mr. McCurry to take the photographs, hoping that his skill and stature could win more attention for the women.

在亞洲工作了已約35年的麥柯里，是通過(guò)凱倫·埃蒙斯(Karen Emmons)接觸到這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的，54歲的埃蒙斯是一位駐曼谷的記者，大約七年前，她在印度尼西亞為國(guó)際勞工組織的一份報(bào)告做研究時(shí)，開(kāi)始感興趣家務(wù)工人受虐待的問(wèn)題。在得到國(guó)際勞工組織的一筆小經(jīng)費(fèi)之后，她請(qǐng)了麥柯里來(lái)拍照片，希望能通過(guò)他的攝影技巧和名聲為這些婦女贏得更多的關(guān)注。

They visited shelters in Hong Kong and women back in the Philippines, Indonesia and Nepal, spending a week in each place. Ms. Emmons paved the way for Mr. McCurry at each stop, working with local aid groups to find women willing to be photographed.

他們?nèi)チ讼愀鄣谋幼o(hù)所，還采訪了返回菲律賓、印度尼西亞和尼泊爾的婦女，在每個(gè)地方呆上一周。埃蒙斯在每個(gè)地方為麥柯里做準(zhǔn)備工作，通過(guò)與當(dāng)?shù)鼐仍M織合作，尋找愿意被拍照的女性。

Ms. Emmons said she was after scars.

埃蒙斯說(shuō)，她要找的是有傷疤的人。

“I had trouble getting to people to begin with, as soon as I said I’m looking for people with scars,” she admitted. “Some thought it would traumatize the women. Some thought it was just sensational. I said, ‘It’s important you show the evidence. You can’t just talk about it. People can’t just hear about it, they have to see it.’”If a woman was willing, Ms. Emmons spent an hour or two talking to her before introducing Mr. McCurry. She said she was wary of potential pitfalls, of bringing a male photographer into take sometimes deeply personal pictures.

“開(kāi)始時(shí)，只要我說(shuō)我要找有傷疤的人，就很難找到人，”她承認(rèn)。“有些人認(rèn)為，那會(huì)給這些婦女帶來(lái)精神創(chuàng)傷。有些人認(rèn)為，那只是為了嘩眾取寵。我說(shuō)，‘展示證據(jù)很重要。你不能只是說(shuō)有這種事。人們不能只聽(tīng)說(shuō)，他們需要看到證據(jù)。’”如果一位婦女答應(yīng)被拍照，埃蒙斯會(huì)花一兩個(gè)小時(shí)和她交談，然后把她介紹給麥柯里。她說(shuō)，帶一個(gè)男攝影師來(lái)拍有時(shí)是涉及很深的私人情況的照片，她對(duì)可能遇到的困難十分謹(jǐn)慎。

Some women had been disowned by their families. One was in hiding. And one woman — Ms. Emmons said she counted more than 30 scars on her — married a man after she came home. He also came to the photo shoot.

有些婦女的家庭已經(jīng)斷絕與她們的關(guān)系。有一位在隱藏之中。還有一位婦女回家后與一名男子結(jié)了婚，埃蒙斯說(shuō)，在這位婦女身上數(shù)到30多條傷疤，她的男人也來(lái)到了照片拍攝點(diǎn)。