溫家寶2011年在英國(guó)皇家學(xué)會(huì)的演講

Tomorrow's China will be a country that fully achieves democracy, the rule of law, fairness and justice. The struggles against feudal autocracy in the human history gave birth to the concepts of democracy, the rule of law, freedom, equality and human rights. These ideas have greatly emancipated the human mind, although they may be achieved in different ways and forms in different societies and countries. People's democracy is the soul of socialism. Without democracy, there is no socialism. Without freedom, there is no real democracy. Without guarantee of economic and political rights, there is no real freedom. To be frank, corruption, unfair income distribution and other ills that harm people's rights and interests still exist in China. The best way to resolve these problems is to firmly advance the political structural reform and build socialist democracy under the rule of law.

我們要尊重和保障人權(quán)，依法保障全體社會(huì)成員平等參與、平等發(fā)展的權(quán)利。我們要健全對(duì)政府權(quán)力的制約和監(jiān)督機(jī)制，保證人民賦予的權(quán)力真正為人民謀福利。中國(guó)曾經(jīng)是封建主義影響很深的國(guó)家，新中國(guó)成立后曾經(jīng)歷十年“文革”的浩劫，在開(kāi)放的環(huán)境下又出現(xiàn)一些新的情況和問(wèn)題。發(fā)揚(yáng)民主，健全法制，加強(qiáng)對(duì)權(quán)力的有效監(jiān)督，仍然是一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期而艱巨的任務(wù)。我們要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造條件讓人民監(jiān)督和批評(píng)政府，使政府不敢懈怠、避免產(chǎn)生腐敗。人民的責(zé)任感和民主精神，將帶動(dòng)社會(huì)的進(jìn)步。人民參與社會(huì)管理和公共事務(wù)越多，推動(dòng)社會(huì)進(jìn)步的能量就越大。

We are committed to respecting and protecting human rights. Pursuant to the law, we protect the right of all members of society to equal participation and development. We will improve mechanisms for checking and supervising government powers so as to ensure that these powers entrusted by the people are exercised in people's interests. China was long under the influence of feudalism. After the founding of New China, the country went through the turmoil of the decade-long Cultural Revolution. Since China opened itself, some new developments and problems have occurred. To promote democracy, improve the legal system and strengthen effective oversight of power remains a long and arduous task for us. We need to create conditions for people to oversee and criticize the government to make the government live up to its responsibility and prevent corruption. With a keen sense of responsibility and democracy, people will spur social progress. The more the people participate in social management and public affairs, the greater the momentum there will be to sustain social progress.

近些年來(lái)，我們?cè)谏罨?jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的同時(shí)，積極穩(wěn)妥地推進(jìn)政治體制改革。在推進(jìn)政府決策科學(xué)化、民主化，加強(qiáng)人民對(duì)政府的監(jiān)督等方面，也有許多進(jìn)步。例如，實(shí)行政務(wù)公開(kāi)，政府預(yù)算公開(kāi)，推行電子政務(wù)、聽(tīng)證制度和專(zhuān)家咨詢(xún)制度等。我已連續(xù)三年在作《政府工作報(bào)告》之前，在網(wǎng)上同網(wǎng)民交流。今年春，我在新華網(wǎng)在線(xiàn)交流時(shí)，收到網(wǎng)民來(lái)貼40多萬(wàn)條，手機(jī)信息11萬(wàn)多條，頁(yè)面訪(fǎng)問(wèn)量近3億人次。同這些普通民眾的交流，是心對(duì)心的交流，可以直接體察人民的喜怒哀樂(lè)和對(duì)政府的訴求，有利于改進(jìn)政府工作。

In recent years, while deepening the economic structural reform, we have actively and steadily advanced the political structural reform. Much progress has been made in making government decision-making sound and democratic and enhancing public oversight of the government. For example, we have made government affairs and budgets more transparent and introduced such practices as e-government, public hearing and expert consulting. During the past three years, before I delivered the Report on the Work of the Government each year, I had an online dialogue with the public. During this year's dialogue with the public in spring on the website of the Xinhua News Agency, I received over 400,000 posts and more than 110,000 text messages, and the webpage was visited nearly 300 million times. I opened my heart to the people, and this direct engagement enabled me to learn about what is on their minds and what they want from the government. This helps the government improve its performance.

未來(lái)的中國(guó)，將是一個(gè)更加開(kāi)放包容、文明和諧的國(guó)家。一個(gè)國(guó)家、一個(gè)民族，只有開(kāi)放包容，才能發(fā)展進(jìn)步。唯有開(kāi)放，先進(jìn)和有用的東西才能進(jìn)得來(lái)；唯有包容，吸收借鑒優(yōu)秀文化，才能使自己充實(shí)和強(qiáng)大起來(lái)。

Tomorrow's China will be a more open, inclusive, culturally advanced and harmonious country. A country or a nation will grow and progress only when it is open and inclusive. Only an open country can introduce all that is advanced and useful. And only an inclusive society can enrich and strengthen itself by drawing on the strengths of fine foreign cultures.

我們不僅要在經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域、科技領(lǐng)域繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大對(duì)外開(kāi)放，而且在文化建設(shè)、社會(huì)管理等領(lǐng)域也要大膽博采眾長(zhǎng)。中國(guó)在推進(jìn)現(xiàn)代化過(guò)程中遇到的諸多問(wèn)題，如能源問(wèn)題、環(huán)境問(wèn)題、貧富差距問(wèn)題、司法公正問(wèn)題和廉政問(wèn)題等，許多發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家都曾經(jīng)遇到過(guò)。對(duì)各國(guó)的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我們要認(rèn)真借鑒；對(duì)別人走過(guò)的彎路，我們不應(yīng)重復(fù)；對(duì)世界面臨的難題，我們要同國(guó)際社會(huì)一道來(lái)破解。

We should not only continue to open up in economic, scientific and technological fields, but also boldly learn from others in promoting cultural progress and social management. In its modernization drive, China has encountered various problems in he fields of energy, the environment, wealth distribution, judicial justice and government integrity. These are problems that many developed countries have run into before. We will learn from the successful experience of other countries while avoiding their mistakes. We will work with the rest of the international community to address common challenges facing the world.

我們要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造更加良好的政治環(huán)境和更加自由的學(xué)術(shù)氛圍，讓人民追求真理、崇尚理性、尊重科學(xué)，探索自然的奧秘、社會(huì)的法則和人生的真諦。做學(xué)問(wèn)、搞科研，尤其需要倡導(dǎo)“獨(dú)立之精神，自由之思想”。正因?yàn)橛辛顺浞值膶W(xué)術(shù)自由，像牛頓這樣在人類(lèi)歷史上具有偉大影響的科學(xué)家，才能夠思潮奔騰、才華迸發(fā)，敢于思考前人從未思考過(guò)的問(wèn)題，敢于踏進(jìn)前人從未涉足的領(lǐng)域。不久前，我同中國(guó)科學(xué)家交流時(shí)提出，要大力營(yíng)造敢于創(chuàng)造、敢冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、敢于批判和寬容失敗的環(huán)境，鼓勵(lì)自由探索，提倡學(xué)術(shù)爭(zhēng)鳴。

We should create a better political environment and a freer academic atmosphere in which people can pursue truth, exercise reasoning and respect science, in which the mysteries of nature, the laws governing society and the true meaning of life can be fully explored. The spirit of independence and freedom in thinking is particularly important in academic studies and research. It was in an environment of academic freedom that great scientists like Isaac Newton, who had a profound impact on human history, were able to bring out their best, probe issues not questioned by predecessors and blaze a new trail. In my recent conversation with some Chinese scientists, I called for creating an environment which encourages innovation, criticism and risk-taking and tolerates failure, an environment that encourages free exploration of new things and stimulates academic debate.

我們歷來(lái)主張尊重世界文明的多樣性，倡導(dǎo)不同文明之間的對(duì)話(huà)、交流與合作。我國(guó)已故著名社會(huì)學(xué)家費(fèi)孝通先生，上世紀(jì)30年代曾就讀于倫敦政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院并獲得博士學(xué)位，一生飽經(jīng)滄桑。他在晚年提出：“各美其美，美人之美，美美與共，世界大同。”費(fèi)老先生的這一人生感悟，生動(dòng)反映了當(dāng)代中國(guó)人開(kāi)放包容的胸懷。

We have always called for respecting the diversity of civilizations and advocated dialogue, exchanges and cooperation among them. The late Mr. Fei Xiaotong, a well-known Chinese sociologist, received his PhD at the London School of Economics and Political Science in the 1930s. Having gone through many vicissitudes in life, he concluded in his late years that "The world will be a harmonious place if people appreciate their own beauty and that of others, and work together to create beauty in the world." These thoughts best illustrate the open and inclusive mindset of China today.

未來(lái)的中國(guó)，將是一個(gè)堅(jiān)持和平發(fā)展、勇于擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)膰?guó)家。走和平發(fā)展道路，是中國(guó)政府和人民根據(jù)時(shí)代潮流和自身利益作出的戰(zhàn)略抉擇，是中國(guó)積極參與經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化、最終實(shí)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化的必由之路。中國(guó)的和平發(fā)展，對(duì)世界不是威脅，而是機(jī)遇。中國(guó)已經(jīng)成為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的重要引擎，近五年對(duì)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的貢獻(xiàn)率在20%以上。自2001年中國(guó)加入世界貿(mào)易組織以來(lái)，年均進(jìn)口近7500億美元商品，為相關(guān)國(guó)家和地區(qū)創(chuàng)造了1400多萬(wàn)個(gè)就業(yè)崗位。未來(lái)5年，中國(guó)進(jìn)口規(guī)模累計(jì)有望超過(guò)8萬(wàn)億美元，將給世界各國(guó)帶來(lái)更多商機(jī)。

Tomorrow's China will be a country committed to peaceful development and ready to shoulder its responsibilities. To pursue peaceful development is a strategic decision made by the Chinese government and people in keeping with the trend of the times and based on our own interests. Only such a pursuit will enable China to embrace economic globalization and achieve modernization. China's peaceful development is an opportunity rather than a threat to the rest of the world. China has become an engine driving global economic growth, having contributed to over 20 percent of world economic growth each year in the past five years. Since joining the WTO in 2001, China has imported close to 750 billion U.S. dollars of goods every year, creating over 14 million jobs for relevant countries and regions. China's import is expected to exceed 8 trillion U.S. dollars in the next five years, and this will provide more business opportunities for other countries.

21世紀(jì)應(yīng)是合作的世紀(jì)，而不是沖突和爭(zhēng)霸的世紀(jì)。中國(guó)是世界和平的堅(jiān)定維護(hù)者。我們一貫主張和平解決國(guó)際爭(zhēng)端，反對(duì)使用武力。中國(guó)將同國(guó)際社會(huì)一道，共擔(dān)責(zé)任、共迎挑戰(zhàn)，繼續(xù)推動(dòng)國(guó)際體系朝著更加公平、公正、包容的方向發(fā)展。

The 21st century should be a century of cooperation rather than conflict and rivalry. China is committed to upholding world peace. We have consistently called for settling international disputes by peaceful means and opposed the use of force. China will work with the rest of the international community to undertake responsibilities, meet challenges and make the international system more equitable, just and inclusive.