埃及新首都建設(shè)獲中企投資
Egypt's new capital city moved a step closer to reality with the announcement that Chinese developers will largely fund the megaproject.
中國開發(fā)商宣布了對埃及新首都大型工程的巨額投資后，這座新首都向成為現(xiàn)實(shí)又邁進(jìn)了一步。
The China Fortune Land Development Company (CFLD) agreed to provide $20 billion for the currently unnamed city, after a meeting between heads of the firm and Egyptian President Abdel Fattah El Sisi.
在埃及總統(tǒng)塞西與華夏幸福公司領(lǐng)導(dǎo)會談后，該公司同意為這座目前尚未命名的城市提供200億美元的資金。
This follows a previous commitment of $15 billion from another Chinese state-owned company, bringing the project close to its $45 billion budget requirements for phase I.
此前，另一家中國國有企業(yè)承諾投資150億美元。此舉使該項(xiàng)目離一期工程450億美元的預(yù)算要求更進(jìn)一步。
Plans for the new capital were first announced in March 2015. Government officials described the development as a solution to crowding, pollution and rising house prices in Cairo.
新都計(jì)劃于2015年3月公布，政府官員稱開發(fā)新城是開羅擁堵、污染和房價(jià)上漲等問題的解決方案。
"Cairo Capital is a momentous endeavor to build national spirit, foster consensus, provide for long-term sustainable growth," said the project website. "(The) new city will create more places to live, work and visit."
該項(xiàng)目網(wǎng)站稱：“此舉是為建立民族精神、促進(jìn)共識、提供長期可持續(xù)發(fā)展做出的重大嘗試。新城將為人們的生活、工作和出游創(chuàng)造更多的區(qū)域。”
Under construction
在建中的新城
The 700 square kilometer city to be constructed in the desert to the East of Cairo would become the new seat of government, and it is presented as a far grander vision than the current capital.
這座將被建在開羅東部沙漠的城市面積為700平方公里，它將成為政府新址，且提出了比當(dāng)前首都更宏大的設(shè)想。
Proposals for the city include housing for five million people, over 1,000 mosques, smart villages, industrial zones, a 5,000-seat conference center, and the world's largest park.
關(guān)于這座城市的構(gòu)想包括可滿足五百萬人需求的住房、1000多座清真寺、智能村、工業(yè)區(qū)、一座容納5000人的會議中心和世界上最大的公園。
Interest in the project has been brisk. An Indian company is reportedly planning a vast medical center and university, while a Saudi firm intends to build a 12.6 hectare mosque and Islamic museum.
該項(xiàng)目一直受到許多關(guān)注。據(jù)報(bào)道，一家印度公司正在計(jì)劃投資一座龐大的醫(yī)療中心和大學(xué)，而一家沙特公司打算在此建造一座占地12.6公頃的清真寺和伊斯蘭博物館。
Construction is already under way. According to Egypt's Al-Ahram newspaper, engineers have begun work on infrastructure including bridges and 210 kilometers of roads.
城市建設(shè)已經(jīng)在進(jìn)行中。據(jù)埃及《金字塔報(bào)》報(bào)道，工程師們已經(jīng)開始建造橋梁和長210公里的公路等基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。
The first phase of the project will see government ministries and residential blocks rise from the sand. This phase could be complete within five years, with the first residents moving in.
在項(xiàng)目的第一階段中，政府部門和住宅街區(qū)將從沙漠中被建起。五年內(nèi)可完成這一階段，并有第一批居民遷入。
Ghost town?
“鬼城”?
Despite the optimism from officials, there are concerns that the project will encounter familiar problems. Egypt has already constructed several satellite towns around Cairo, which have registered low occupancy despite high investment.
盡管官方態(tài)度樂觀，但也有人擔(dān)心該項(xiàng)目會遇到一些常見的問題。埃及已經(jīng)在開羅周邊建設(shè)了幾個(gè)衛(wèi)星城，盡管投入頗高，但是顯示的居住率卻很低。
"The needs of Cairo should be met by the existing eight new towns around it," says David Sims, an urban planner and author based in the Cairo. "But people call them ghost towns."
居住在開羅的城市規(guī)劃師兼作家大衛(wèi)•西姆斯說：“開羅周邊現(xiàn)有的八個(gè)新城鎮(zhèn)本就能滿足其需求。但人們卻稱它們?yōu)?lsquo;鬼城’。”
The satellites repeated the same mistakes, says Sims, which are also likely to affect the new capital.
西姆斯說：“這些衛(wèi)星城重復(fù)了同樣的錯誤，它們也可能會影響新的城市。”
"The new towns produced housing that is unaffordable, unobtainable and inaccessible for the majority of Cairo's inhabitants," says Sims. "The new towns were built with a high modernist approach that did not allow the informal enterprises and activities that most Egyptians rely on."
“新城鎮(zhèn)建造的住房是大多數(shù)開羅居民買不起、買不到也無法理解的。新城鎮(zhèn)根據(jù)高度現(xiàn)代化的方式建造，禁止了大多數(shù)埃及人依靠的非正規(guī)企業(yè)和活動。”
Learning lessons
經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)
Egypt has a fundamentally misguided approach to development planning, according to architect and planner Kareem Ibrahim of the NGO Tadamun.
據(jù)非政府組織Tadamun的建筑師和規(guī)劃師卡里姆•易卜拉辛稱，埃及的發(fā)展規(guī)劃方式存在根本誤區(qū)。
"We have a chronic problem with the urban government of existing cities, and no matter how many cities you build you are not solving this problem," he says.
他說：“我們現(xiàn)有城市的市政府長期存在一個(gè)問題，無論建了多少城市，都沒有解決這個(gè)問題。”
Ibrahim's research found that around 50% of Cairo neighborhoods lacked access to sewage services, while public services were failing, and municipal councils were operating with as little as $4 per capita per year.
易卜拉辛的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，開羅周邊近50%的地區(qū)缺乏污水處理系統(tǒng)，公共服務(wù)缺失，市政局的人均經(jīng)費(fèi)每年只有4美元。
"The levels of deprivation were shocking," says Ibrahim. "The investment should be going towards providing equal rights to public services and utilities. Let's think about how to develop better governing structure for the cities we have, and then build new cities."
“公共服務(wù)匱乏的程度令人震驚。政府應(yīng)為保障人們獲得公共服務(wù)和公共設(shè)施的公平權(quán)利而投資。讓我們先思考如何為現(xiàn)有城市開發(fā)更好的治理結(jié)構(gòu)，然后再建設(shè)新城市。”
