凍土解凍 俄羅斯城市面臨坍塌？

Towns and cities across the east of Vladimir Putin's vast empire could 'collapse' in the coming decades because of thawing permafrost.

隨著永久凍土的逐漸消融，弗拉基米爾•普京手中巨大帝國(guó)的東部城鎮(zhèn)在未來(lái)幾十年間可能會(huì)轟然倒塌。

Ground that was once solid is crumbling due to climate change, and the impact for buildings across Arctic and Siberian regions will be 'devastating' by 2050, says a new US-Russian report.

一篇美俄的最新報(bào)道稱，由于氣候的變化，曾經(jīng)堅(jiān)固的土地開(kāi)始破裂，截止到2050年，北極地區(qū)和西伯利亞地區(qū)的建筑將會(huì)受到毀滅性的影響。

Problems are expected even sooner in Anadyr, the capital of the extreme eastern region on Chukotka, where Chelsea tycoon Roman Abramovich once served as governor.

阿納德?tīng)柡芸炀蜁?huì)面臨難題。阿納德?tīng)柺嵌砹_斯東部楚科奇自治區(qū)首府，切爾西大亨羅曼•阿爾卡季耶維奇曾任區(qū)長(zhǎng)。

Here problems can be expected by the mid-2020s, as they can in Salekhard, a town which straddles the Arctic Circle, gateway Russia's large gas supplies on the Yamal peninsula.

預(yù)計(jì)21世紀(jì)20年代中期，阿納德?tīng)枌⒂龅絾?wèn)題。橫跨北極圈的薩列哈爾德城是亞馬爾半島上俄羅斯大量天然氣供應(yīng)的樞紐，它也面臨著同樣的威脅。

At risk too from a stark weakening of the 'bearing capacity' of the ground are Russia's diamond capital Yakutsk and nickel mining city Norilsk.

俄羅斯鉆石之都雅庫(kù)茨克和鎳礦開(kāi)采城諾里爾斯克的土地承受能力顯著下降，也面臨危險(xiǎn)。

The thaw has major implications for Russia since as much as 63 percent of Russian territory is underpinned by permafrost.

俄羅斯63%的領(lǐng)土都是靠永久凍土支撐，因此凍土消融對(duì)俄羅斯影響十分重大。

It is already hitting buildings in northern regions, making them unsafe, and has caused railway lines to become crooked, rendering them useless, reported The Siberian Times.

據(jù)《西伯利亞時(shí)報(bào)》報(bào)道，北部地區(qū)的建筑物已經(jīng)受到影響，十分不安全，鐵軌也因此變彎，無(wú)法再投入使用。

The analysis says a worst-case scenario could lead to a 75-95 percent 'reduction in bearing capacity throughout the permafrost region by 2050'.

分析稱，最糟糕的情況將導(dǎo)致“到2050年，永久凍土地區(qū)的承受能力下降75%到95%”。

The authors conclude: 'This can have a devastating effect on cities built on permafrost.'

作者們總結(jié)說(shuō)：“對(duì)于建立在永久凍土上的城市來(lái)說(shuō)，這會(huì)產(chǎn)生毀滅性影響。”

Thawing of permafrost 'can potentially lead to deformation and collapse of structures', with residential and industrial buildings at risk, but also railway lines, which are used for industrial purposes as well as passengers.

無(wú)論是居民樓還是工業(yè)建筑，永久凍土解凍“可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致建筑結(jié)構(gòu)的變形和倒塌”，貨運(yùn)和客運(yùn)鐵路線也無(wú)法幸免于難。

'On average, the fastest changes are projected for Salekhard and Anadyr.

“從大體上預(yù)計(jì)，薩列哈爾德和阿納德?tīng)柕淖兓羁臁?rdquo;

'There the bearing capacity has potential to decrease to critical levels by (the) mid 2020s.

“21世紀(jì)20年代中期，薩列哈爾德和阿納德?tīng)柕耐馏w承受能力可能會(huì)下降到危險(xiǎn)水平。”

'In Yakutsk and Norilsk the critical climate-induced decrease in bearing capacity is expected around (the) 2040s.'

“雅庫(kù)茨克和諾里爾斯克由氣候變化導(dǎo)致的土地承受能力嚴(yán)重下降預(yù)計(jì)將出現(xiàn)在21世紀(jì)40年代左右。”

The study by experts from The George Washington University and specialists from the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences highlighted these four cities but the threat applies across the vast permafrost territory.

由喬治華盛頓大學(xué)專家和俄羅斯科學(xué)研究院西伯利亞分院專業(yè)人員負(fù)責(zé)的研究重點(diǎn)指出這四個(gè)城市，但威脅已蔓延到了俄境內(nèi)的大片永久凍土。

Numerous studies show the Russian Arctic is warming at a rate of approximately 0.12C (0.216F) a year - 'significantly faster than the global average', state the authors.

大量的研究表明，俄羅斯北極地區(qū)的氣溫每年大約以0.12°C (0.216°F)的速度不斷升溫——研究作者稱，“這比全球平均升溫速度快得多”。

The scale of the thawing in each location could vary and was hard to predict precisely.

每個(gè)地區(qū)凍土解凍的程度都不同，因此很難做出精確的預(yù)測(cè)。

And 'well engineered structures' could survive, but there was a need for a change in building techniques.

“建筑結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)質(zhì)的大樓”不會(huì)因此倒塌，但是建筑技術(shù)需要做出改變。