印度禁止中企投資該國(guó)電網(wǎng)

An Indian move to ban Chinese companies from investing in its power grid has highlighted the tension between the country’s desire to attract foreign capital and its suspicion of China’s motives in the region.

印度政府禁止中國(guó)企業(yè)投資于印度電網(wǎng)的舉動(dòng)，突顯了該國(guó)吸引外資的愿望和其懷疑中國(guó)在南亞的動(dòng)機(jī)之間的緊張。

Piyush Goyal, power minister, said this week that companies from countries that did not allow Indian busin­es­ses to invest in their power grids would be barred from investing in India’s.

電力部長(zhǎng)皮尤什•戈亞爾(Piyush Goyal)本周表示，本國(guó)電網(wǎng)不允許印度企業(yè)投資的國(guó)家，其企業(yè)也將被禁止投資印度電網(wǎng)。

Mr Goyal said the current investment regime made a “punching bag” of India, whereby “if you want, you can come and invest in India and earn, and Indian companies cannot come and earn in your country”.

戈亞爾表示，目前的投資制度讓印度成為一個(gè)“挨打的沙袋”，在這個(gè)制度下，“只要你想這么做，你就可以來(lái)印度投資賺錢，而印度企業(yè)不能在你國(guó)賺錢”。

“We believe in reciprocity,” he said, and the move was a “show of strength”.

“我們信奉互惠，”他表示。他稱，此舉是“實(shí)力展示”。

While the minister has insisted his government’s policy is not specifically aimed at one country, analysts said the country most affected by such a move would be China, which does not allow any foreign investment in its power grid.

雖然這名部長(zhǎng)堅(jiān)稱，印度政府的政策不是專門針對(duì)某個(gè)國(guó)家，但分析人士表示，受此影響最大的國(guó)家將是不允許外國(guó)投資于國(guó)內(nèi)電網(wǎng)的中國(guó)。

The government of Narendra Modi has promised to supply reliable power to all the country’s 1.3bn people, a pledge that requires huge improvem­ents in the quality of cables and networks. India’s power grid is in such bad repair that about a fifth of the electricity it produces is lost in distribution and transmission.

印度總理納倫德拉•莫迪(Narendra Modi)的政府承諾向全國(guó)13億人提供可靠的電力，這一承諾要求電纜和電網(wǎng)的質(zhì)量大幅提高。目前印度的電網(wǎng)處于如此糟糕的失修狀態(tài)，以至于該國(guó)大約五分之一的發(fā)電量在配電和輸電環(huán)節(jié)被白白損耗。

One of the key planks of Mr Modi’s policy has been a promise that government will take on most of the debt of Indian electricity distribution companies in return for improvements to inf­ra­structure. But the government has so far had a policy of openness to foreign companies wishing to invest in the grid.

莫迪的政策重點(diǎn)之一是承諾政府將承擔(dān)印度配電企業(yè)的大部分債務(wù)，以換取基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的改善。但是，此前政府的政策還包括向有意投資印度電網(wǎng)的外國(guó)公司保持開放。

That policy is part of a wider push to woo more overseas capital, which helped foreign direct investment into India hit a record high of $43.5bn in the year to March 2017, up 9 per cent on last year.

那項(xiàng)政策是吸引更多外資的全面努力的一部分，這幫助印度的外商直接投資(FDI)在截至2017年3月的一年里達(dá)到創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的435億美元，比上年增長(zhǎng)9%。

However, India has had problems with companies from overseas investing in its power network. In the 1990s US company Enron used India’s newly liberalised economy to invest in the state of the art Dabhol power project in Mah­arashtra. The state government agreed to buy all the power the plant produced at a price that was so high the World Bank refused to help finance it.

然而，印度曾經(jīng)在境外企業(yè)投資該國(guó)電力網(wǎng)絡(luò)方面遇到問(wèn)題。20世紀(jì)90年代，美國(guó)安然公司(Enron)利用印度新近自由化的經(jīng)濟(jì)，在馬哈拉施特拉邦(Maharashtra)投資于先進(jìn)的達(dá)博爾(Dabhol)電廠項(xiàng)目。邦政府同意購(gòu)買該電廠輸出的全部電力，但其同意的電價(jià)如此之高，以至于世界銀行(World Bank)拒絕參與項(xiàng)目融資。

Enron shut the plant in 2001 after an argument with the government over how much the two owed each other.

2001年，在與政府就誰(shuí)欠誰(shuí)多少金額的問(wèn)題上發(fā)生爭(zhēng)執(zhí)后，安然關(guān)閉了該電廠。

India and China have endured tough relations for years, but these have been exacerbated by China’s planned $55bn investment in Pakistan, which New Del­hi fears is aimed at expanding its political and military power in the region.

印度和中國(guó)多年來(lái)經(jīng)歷了坎坷的關(guān)系，但中國(guó)將在巴基斯坦投資550億美元的計(jì)劃加劇了印中關(guān)系緊張。新德里方面擔(dān)心，中國(guó)對(duì)巴基斯坦的投資是為了在南亞擴(kuò)大自己的政治和軍事力量。

Even so, India still allows Chinese companies to invest in its telecoms sector, which they have done to such an extent that Indian smartphone makers have asked the government to stop their Chinese rivals from undercutting them.

即使如此，印度仍允許中國(guó)企業(yè)投資其電信行業(yè)。中國(guó)企業(yè)在印度電信市場(chǎng)已占據(jù)較大份額，以至于印度的智能手機(jī)制造商請(qǐng)求政府制止中國(guó)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手的低價(jià)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

Arunabha Ghosh, chief executive of New Delhi’s Council on Energy, Envir­on­ment and Water, said: “The power sy­stem can and will remain stable and sec­ure even without Chinese investment.”

新德里的能源、環(huán)境和水資源委員會(huì)(Council on Energy, Environment and Water)行政總裁阿努納巴•戈什(Arunabha Ghosh)表示：“即使沒(méi)有中國(guó)投資，電力系統(tǒng)也能保持穩(wěn)定和安全。”