索羅斯向名下慈善基金會(huì)捐資180億美元

George Soros has given away $18bn, the bulk of his personal wealth, to his Open Society Foundations, bringing his charitable giving over his lifetime to around $32bn.

喬治•索羅斯(George Soros)已向他創(chuàng)立的“開(kāi)放社會(huì)基金會(huì)”(Open Society Foundations)捐贈(zèng)了180億美元——這是他的大部分個(gè)人財(cái)富。他一生中的慈善捐款至此達(dá)到了約320億美元。

The legendary hedge fund investor, has been working to transfer the billions he has made in finance over the past several years to OSF as he made arrangements for its long-term future. Mr Soros’s foundations are the second-largest private charity after the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, with a 2017 budget of $940.7m.

這位傳奇的對(duì)沖基金投資者一直致力于把他在金融領(lǐng)域賺到的巨額資金捐贈(zèng)給開(kāi)放社會(huì)基金會(huì)。他還為該基金會(huì)的長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)未來(lái)做好了安排。索羅斯的基金會(huì)是規(guī)模僅次于比爾和梅琳達(dá)蓋茨基金會(huì)(Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation)的第二大私人慈善機(jī)構(gòu)，其2017年的預(yù)算為9.407億美元。

Mr Soros’s foundations have played a key role in promoting liberal democracy and building institutions and civil society across ex-communist eastern Europe for almost three decades. Countless officials in governments across the region benefited from Soros Foundation grants to study at western universities.

近三十年來(lái)，在東歐前共產(chǎn)主義國(guó)家，索羅斯的基金會(huì)在促進(jìn)自由民主、建設(shè)制度及公民社會(huì)的過(guò)程中發(fā)揮了關(guān)鍵作用。在該地區(qū)，數(shù)不清的政府官員得益于索羅斯基金會(huì)的資助，得以在西方大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)。

But in recent years, as populism has surged and “liberal” values have come under attack in some countries, Open Society has suffered a backlash and faced accusations that it has tried to undermine governments.

但近些年來(lái)，隨著一些國(guó)家民粹主義高漲和“自由”價(jià)值觀遭到攻擊，開(kāi)放社會(huì)基金會(huì)遭到了抵制，并被指責(zé)試圖顛覆政府。

The group has faced government criticism or attempts to restrict its activities in countries including Russia, Macedonia, Romania, Poland, as well as in Israel.

俄羅斯、馬其頓、羅馬尼亞、波蘭、以色列等國(guó)家的政府不是批評(píng)開(kāi)放社會(huì)基金會(huì)，就是試圖限制其活動(dòng)。

Hungary, whose prime minister Viktor Orban studied at Oxford university on a Soros grant in the late 1980s, has accused the billionaire philanthropist of promoting a “Soros plan” to flood Europe with migrants.

1980年代末，匈牙利現(xiàn)總理歐爾班•維克托(Viktor Orban)曾接受索羅斯的捐贈(zèng)資金在牛津大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)(Oxford university)。如今，匈牙利政府譴責(zé)這位億萬(wàn)富翁慈善家推動(dòng)一項(xiàng)讓移民像潮水般涌入歐洲的“索羅斯計(jì)劃”。

Mr Soros is perhaps best known for his bet that the British pound would be devalued in September 1992, for which he raked in more than £1bn in profits when he was proven correct.

索羅斯做過(guò)的最出名的事情，要數(shù)他在1992年9月押注英鎊貶值，最終從中獲利逾10億英鎊。

Now 87, he has retained an active role in guiding the work of OSF as chairman of its global board, which also includes his sons Alexander and Jonathan. But staff members said Mr Soros had decided several years ago to clarify the organisation’s structure and leadership before making another large endowment.

作為開(kāi)放社會(huì)基金會(huì)的全球董事會(huì)主席，現(xiàn)年87歲的索羅斯仍然在積極地指導(dǎo)該基金會(huì)的工作——他的兒子亞力山大(Alexander)和喬納森(Jonathan)也是董事會(huì)成員。但工作人員表示，索羅斯在幾年前已決定，在進(jìn)行下一次大筆捐款之前，要理清該組織的結(jié)構(gòu)和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層。

As part of the wider strategic shake-up, OSF president Chris Stone, a criminal justice and non-profit expert, announced his departure in September and will be replaced by Patrick Gaspard, a Congolese-born former US diplomat who is currently OSF vice-president.

作為戰(zhàn)略改組計(jì)劃的一部分，開(kāi)放社會(huì)基金會(huì)總裁、刑事司法與非營(yíng)利組織方面的專(zhuān)家克里斯•斯通(Chris Stone)于9月宣布他將離職，接替他的將是現(xiàn)任副總裁、剛果出生的前美國(guó)外交官帕特里克•加斯帕德(Patrick Gaspard)。

Mr Soros had given away $14bn since 1979, starting when he gave scholarships to black South Africans living under apartheid. He founded Open Society in 1984 to support democratic practice, human rights and good governance.

索羅斯于1979年開(kāi)始為生活在種族隔離制度之下的南非黑人提供獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，自那時(shí)以來(lái)他已在慈善活動(dòng)方面捐贈(zèng)了140億美元。他在1984年創(chuàng)立了開(kāi)放社會(huì)基金會(huì)，宗旨是支持民主實(shí)踐、人權(quán)和良好治理。

The charity has supported a raft of other charities through grant money including Planned Parenthood, Human Rights Watch and Drug Policy Alliance.

該基金會(huì)通過(guò)捐款，對(duì)包括計(jì)劃生育組織(Planned Parenthood)、人權(quán)觀察(Human Rights Watch)和藥物政策聯(lián)盟(Drug Policy Alliance)在內(nèi)的很多其他慈善機(jī)構(gòu)提供了支持。

Mr Soros was born in Hungary in 1930 and lived through the Nazi occupation. He left Budapest for London in 1947 and made his way to the US, where he founded his hedge fund in 1973.

索羅斯1930年出生在匈牙利，并度過(guò)了納粹占領(lǐng)時(shí)期。他在1947年離開(kāi)布達(dá)佩斯前往倫敦，后來(lái)去了美國(guó)。1973年，他在美國(guó)創(chuàng)立了自己的對(duì)沖基金。

Since then, he has made $41.8bn for investors in his hedge fund, second in the industry only to Bridgewater Associates, according to estimates by LCH Investments, the fund of hedge funds run by the Edmond de Rothschild group.

據(jù)LCH Investments估算，自那以來(lái)，索羅斯已為該對(duì)沖基金的投資者賺到了418億美元，在業(yè)內(nèi)僅次于Bridgewater Associates。LCH Investments是愛(ài)德蒙得洛希爾集團(tuán)(Edmond de Rothschild Group)旗下對(duì)沖基金的基金。

In Hungary, Mr Orban’s government has also been embroiled in a dispute over the Central European University, which Mr Soros established in Budapest in the 1990s to provide US-accredited postgraduate education to central Europe’s emerging elite.

在匈牙利，歐爾班政府也卷入了一場(chǎng)有關(guān)中歐大學(xué)(Central European University)的爭(zhēng)議。該校是1990年代索羅斯在布達(dá)佩斯創(chuàng)辦的，為中歐地區(qū)新崛起的精英們提供美國(guó)認(rèn)可的研究生教育。

Hungary has tightened rules for foreign universities and on Tuesday Michael Ignatieff, the CEU’s president, said the government was keeping the institution in “legal limbo” by refusing to sign an agreement confirming its long-term status.

匈牙利已收緊了有關(guān)外資大學(xué)的規(guī)則。周二，中歐大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)葉禮廷(Michael Ignatieff)表示，政府拒絕簽署一項(xiàng)確認(rèn)該校長(zhǎng)期地位的協(xié)定，使該校從法律上繼續(xù)處于不確定狀態(tài)。

Additional reporting by Neil Buckley

尼爾•巴克利(Neil Buckley)補(bǔ)充報(bào)道