歐盟、日本和美國(guó)將在貿(mào)易問(wèn)題上抱團(tuán)施壓中國(guó)

 The EU, Japan and the US are set to announce a new alliance to take on China more aggressively over trade issues such as overcapacity in steel and forced technology transfers, in a rare effort at international economic co-operation by the Trump administration.

歐盟、日本和美國(guó)將宣布建立新聯(lián)盟，在鋼鐵產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩和強(qiáng)制性技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)讓等貿(mào)易問(wèn)題上更強(qiáng)勢(shì)地與中國(guó)對(duì)抗，這是特朗普(Trump)政府在國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)合作上的罕見(jiàn)努力。

In a statement due to be issued on Tuesday on the sidelines of a World Trade Organization meeting, the three economies will target the “severe excess capacity” in important sectors like steel and the role of illegal subsidies, state financing and state-owned enterprises in fuelling it, according to a draft read to the Financial Times.

據(jù)悉這三大經(jīng)濟(jì)體將在周二世界貿(mào)易組織(WTO)會(huì)議間隙發(fā)表一份聲明，根據(jù)英國(guó)《金融時(shí)報(bào)》聽(tīng)到的草稿，它們將把目標(biāo)對(duì)準(zhǔn)鋼鐵等重要行業(yè)的“嚴(yán)重產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩”現(xiàn)象，以及非法補(bǔ)貼、國(guó)家資助和國(guó)有企業(yè)在助長(zhǎng)產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩問(wèn)題中的作用。

Also targeted are the rules in countries such as China that require foreign investors to hand over important proprietary technologies or house content and data on local servers.

另一個(gè)目標(biāo)是中國(guó)等一些國(guó)家要求外國(guó)投資者轉(zhuǎn)讓重要專有技術(shù)或把內(nèi)容和數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)在當(dāng)?shù)胤?wù)器的規(guī)定。

The statement will not name China. But it reflects all three economies’ growing angst about its continuing economic rise, officials said. It also addresses two of the Trump administration’s main complaints against China — its flooding of global markets with cheap steel, aluminium and other commodities and the way it is using intellectual property rules to acquire strategic technologies.

該聲明不會(huì)點(diǎn)中國(guó)的名字。但有官員稱，它反映出這三個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體對(duì)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的日益崛起越來(lái)越感到焦慮。它也觸及特朗普政府對(duì)中國(guó)的兩大不滿——讓廉價(jià)的鋼鐵、鋁和其他大宗商品充斥全球市場(chǎng)，以及利用知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)規(guī)定來(lái)獲取戰(zhàn)略技術(shù)的做法。

Mr Trump and his aides have lashed out at China and revived US trade statutes to launch controversial investigations that could lead to punitive tariffs and other trade sanctions.

特朗普及其助手強(qiáng)烈抨擊中國(guó)，并且重新啟動(dòng)了美國(guó)有關(guān)貿(mào)易法規(guī)，對(duì)中國(guó)發(fā)起可能導(dǎo)致懲罰性關(guān)稅和其他貿(mào)易制裁的具有爭(zhēng)議的調(diào)查。

But the EU and Japan have been seeking to talk the administration out of unilateral action, arguing that co-operating with the EU and countries like Japan would better serve US interests and do more to raise pressure on Beijing.

但是歐盟和日本一直試圖說(shuō)服特朗普政府退出單邊行動(dòng)，認(rèn)為美國(guó)與歐盟以及日本等國(guó)家合作將更好地滿足美國(guó)的利益并且更能向北京方面施加壓力。

The goal is to stave off a feared surge in protectionism. A new study due to be released on Tuesday by Simon Evenett, a researcher at St Gallen University in Switzerland, is set to show that protectionist measures introduced since the 2008 global financial crisis have caused the growth of EU exports to stall.

其目標(biāo)是避免貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義浪潮高漲這一令人擔(dān)憂的情況出現(xiàn)。瑞士圣加侖大學(xué)(University of St Gallen)的研究員西蒙•伊文奈特(Simon Evenett)預(yù)計(jì)于周二公布的一項(xiàng)新研究報(bào)告將顯示，自2008年全球金融危機(jī)以來(lái)出臺(tái)的保護(hù)主義措施已導(dǎo)致歐盟出口增長(zhǎng)停滯。

Subsidies, Mr Evenett said, have been a major component of that. “This isn't the protectionist mix our forefathers would have recognised and reflects the holes in the WTO's rule book, especially as they relate to subsidies,” he said.

伊文奈特表示，補(bǔ)貼是保護(hù)主義措施的主要組成部分。他稱：“這不是我們的前人所認(rèn)識(shí)的那類保護(hù)主義組合措施，這反映出了WTO規(guī)則的漏洞，特別是與補(bǔ)貼有關(guān)的規(guī)則。”

EU officials are also keen to convince the Trump administration to embrace the WTO as a venue for fighting its trade battles rather than going it alone. Tuesday’s statement is due to call for “enhancing trilateral co-operation in the WTO”, according to one EU official.

歐盟官員也急于說(shuō)服特朗普政府把WTO作為發(fā)動(dòng)貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)的場(chǎng)地，而不要單槍匹馬地戰(zhàn)斗。據(jù)歐盟一名官員介紹，周二的聲明將呼吁“加強(qiáng)WTO內(nèi)的三邊合作”。

The move comes amid a combative biennial meeting of ministers from the WTO’s 164 member countries in Buenos Aires. Many see the Trump administration’s assault on the institution as casting a dark cloud.

此舉正值WTO的164個(gè)成員國(guó)在布宜諾斯艾利斯舉行火藥味濃厚的兩年一屆的部長(zhǎng)級(jí)會(huì)議。很多人認(rèn)為，特朗普政府攻擊WTO給會(huì)議蒙上了一層陰影。

Addressing his fellow ministers on Monday, US trade representative Robert Lighthizer said the WTO faced “serious challenges” including “losing its essential focus on negotiation and becoming a litigation-centred organisation”. He called for the WTO to do more to focus on issues like chronic industrial overcapacity and the role of state-owned enterprises in distorting global trade.

周一，美國(guó)貿(mào)易代表羅伯特•萊特希澤(Robert Lighthizer)在向各國(guó)部長(zhǎng)演講時(shí)表示，WTO面臨著“嚴(yán)峻挑戰(zhàn)”，其中包括“失去了對(duì)協(xié)商的必要關(guān)注，開(kāi)始變成以訴訟為中心的組織”。他呼吁WTO采取更多努力，關(guān)注長(zhǎng)期工業(yè)產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩以及國(guó)有企業(yè)在扭曲全球貿(mào)易中的作用等問(wèn)題。

He also complained about WTO rules that allow China and other major emerging economies special treatment that exempts them from certain requirements.

他還抱怨了WTO的部分規(guī)則，稱這些規(guī)則使中國(guó)和其他主要新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體享受了特殊待遇，使它們免于遵守某些要求。

“If in the opinion of a vast majority of members playing by current WTO rules makes it harder to achieve economic growth, then clearly serious reflection is needed,” he said.

“如果從絕大多數(shù)成員國(guó)按照現(xiàn)行WTO規(guī)則行事卻更難以實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)這一點(diǎn)來(lái)看，那么就有必要進(jìn)行認(rèn)真反思，”他稱。

Mr Lighthizer did not mention a US bid to force change in a WTO dispute-settlement arm that it sees as too interventionist.

萊特希澤沒(méi)有提到美國(guó)要求改革WTO爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)構(gòu)的事情——美國(guó)認(rèn)為該機(jī)構(gòu)干預(yù)過(guò)多。

Because the US is now blocking the filling of vacancies on its appellate body as members’ terms run out, one of the main subjects of discussion on the sidelines in Buenos Aires has been what many fear is a US bid to dismantle the dispute system. Monday marked the final day of a Belgian member’s four-year term, leaving the appellate panel with just four of its seven judges in place.

上訴機(jī)構(gòu)(Appellate Body)部分成員任期已滿，但因?yàn)槊绹?guó)眼下阻撓該機(jī)構(gòu)填補(bǔ)空缺，此次布宜諾斯艾利斯會(huì)議間隙討論的主要話題之一就是很多人擔(dān)心的美國(guó)可能要求廢除爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制。周一是上訴機(jī)構(gòu)一名比利時(shí)成員4年任期的最后一天，使得該機(jī)構(gòu)7個(gè)成員席位目前只有4人在任。

In meetings with fellow ministers Mr Lighthizer has continued to lay out the US’s complaints about the dispute system. But he has not offered any potential solutions, officials say.

萊特希澤在與各成員國(guó)部長(zhǎng)會(huì)晤時(shí)繼續(xù)闡述了美國(guó)對(duì)爭(zhēng)端解決機(jī)制的不滿。不過(guò)有官員表示，他并沒(méi)有提出任何可能的解決方案。