北京空氣污染治理顯現(xiàn)成效
根據(jù)最新數(shù)據(jù)，2017年最后幾個(gè)月在北京周邊地區(qū)采取的削減污染的嚴(yán)厲措施，已給中國首都帶來異常清新的空氣，抵消了全國經(jīng)濟(jì)復(fù)蘇的影響。
Authorities closed factories and forbade residents in provinces neighbouring Beijing from using coal to heat their homes during winter, in a last-ditch effort to meet emissions-cutting targets for 2017.
作為達(dá)到2017年減排目標(biāo)的最后努力，當(dāng)局關(guān)閉了一些工廠，還禁止北京周邊省份的居民在冬季燒煤取暖。
Beijing also ejected hundreds of thousands of migrants workers and razed several neighbourhoods ringing the city. Poor-quality coal briquettes used to heat villages and slum neighbourhoods account for half of coal consumption in Beijing and surrounding regions in the winter.
北京還趕走數(shù)十萬進(jìn)城務(wù)工人員，并拆除了該市周邊的多個(gè)棚戶區(qū)。鄉(xiāng)村和棚戶區(qū)居民用來取暖的劣質(zhì)煤餅，占北京及周邊地區(qū)冬季煤炭消費(fèi)量的一半。
As a result, emissions of PM2.5 — a measure of tiny particulates in the air — fell 33 per cent in the region around Beijing during the final quarter of 2017 compared with the same period the previous year, according to a study by Greenpeace, the campaign group. The fall came despite recovering growth and higher energy usage.
其結(jié)果是，根據(jù)活動組織綠色和平(Greenpeace)的一項(xiàng)研究，2017年最后一季度北京周邊地區(qū)PM2.5水平(空氣中細(xì)微顆粒物含量的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn))比上年同期下降33%。這一下降是在經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)增長、能源使用量增加的背景下實(shí)現(xiàn)的。
But nationally, PM2.5 levels fell just 4.5 per cent in 2017 compared with 2016, as much polluting activity was merely shifted elsewhere in China. Other measures to reduce particulates in the air included placing covers on construction sites and fuel restrictions.
但在全國范圍，2017年P(guān)M2.5水平僅比2016年下降4.5%，因?yàn)楹艽笠徊糠衷斐晌廴镜幕顒又皇寝D(zhuǎn)移到了中國其他地方。減少空氣中顆粒物污染的其他措施包括覆蓋建筑工地和實(shí)行燃料限制措施。
The government pulled out the stops to meet its targets because 2017 was the last of a five-year anti-pollution campaign, noted Yang Fuqiang, senior adviser at the Natural Resources Defense Council, an environmental group.
環(huán)保組織自然資源保護(hù)委員會(Natural Resources Defense Council)的高級顧問楊富強(qiáng)指出，由于2017年是為期五年的治理污染行動的最后一年，政府為了達(dá)到目標(biāo)而竭盡全力。
New targets for upcoming years are expected to be even stricter, he said, adding: “The government has realised that it can achieve good results as long as it is devoted to solving the problem.”
他表示，預(yù)計(jì)未來幾年的新目標(biāo)將會更加嚴(yán)格，并補(bǔ)充說：“政府已經(jīng)意識到，只要致力于解決這個(gè)問題，它能取得不錯的結(jié)果。”
Before the implementation of drastic measures to lower industrial pollution, PM2.5 levels in the region surrounding Beijing had increased 6 per cent year-on-year in the first three quarters of 2017.
在采取嚴(yán)厲措施降低工業(yè)污染之前，北京周邊地區(qū)的PM2.5水平在2017年前三個(gè)季度同比上升6%。
The clearer air has been noticeable in Beijing, despite popular outrage at the sudden and sometimes violent eviction of migrants. Normally the Beijing winter is marked by bouts of choking smog.
在北京，空氣已經(jīng)明顯更清新了，盡管市民們對突然且有時(shí)暴力的清退務(wù)工人員的行動感到憤慨。正常情況下，北京的冬天被令人喘不過氣的霧霾籠罩。
“I’ve never seen Beijing like this!” said French President Emmanuel Macron on Wednesday at the end of a three-day state visit to China. He praised Beijing’s action to close its factories: “It shows they have a capacity that is rapid, even brutal.”
“我從來沒有見過北京這樣!”法國總統(tǒng)埃馬紐埃爾•馬克龍(Emmanuel Macron)周三在結(jié)束三天訪華之行時(shí)表示。他贊揚(yáng)北京關(guān)閉工廠的行動：“這表明他們有一種快速、甚至殘酷的能力。”
Mr Macron has hailed China’s support of the Paris accord in which nations pledged measures to limit emissions and avert climate change. China expects its carbon emissions to grow until 2030.
馬克龍贊揚(yáng)了中國對巴黎氣候變化協(xié)定的支持，在該協(xié)定的框架下，各國承諾采取措施限制排放以遏制氣候變化。中國預(yù)計(jì)其碳排放量要到2030年才能見頂。
However, in 2012 it revealed a complex national plan to wean industry in the north China plain off coal, and shift factories on to the national power grid.
然而，中國在2012年公布了一份復(fù)雜的全國計(jì)劃，擬讓華北平原的工業(yè)擺脫對煤炭的依賴，并將工廠接入國家電網(wǎng)。
But Beijing’s action to eliminate coal-burning sources, including industrial boilers and residential heating stoves, was not matched by the rollout of new gas infrastructure.
但是，北京在消除燃煤來源(包括工業(yè)鍋爐和居民取暖爐)的同時(shí)，未能確保新的天然氣基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)到位。
This resulted in a spike in gas prices and the government responded by limiting gas use throughout central China before relenting and allowing rural residents to heat their homes with coal.
這導(dǎo)致天然氣價(jià)格上漲，作為回應(yīng)，政府在整個(gè)華中地區(qū)限制天然氣使用量，之后又放松規(guī)定，允許農(nóng)村居民燒煤取暖。
The government has now offered additional incentives, including loans from the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, to extend the natural gas infrastructure. The anti-pollution plan is expected to increase China’s gas use significantly over the long term.
政府現(xiàn)在提供額外激勵，包括來自亞洲基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施投資銀行(AIIB)的貸款，以擴(kuò)建天然氣基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。長期而言，預(yù)計(jì)治理污染的計(jì)劃將顯著增加中國的天然氣使用量。
