印度成為“光伏戰(zhàn)”新戰(zhàn)場

India has become the latest battleground in the fight to protect solar panel manufacturers from cheap Chinese rivals, as regulators plan a 70 per cent import duty that developers warn could halt the fast-expanding industry in its tracks.

印度已成為最新的“光伏戰(zhàn)”戰(zhàn)場，這場“戰(zhàn)爭”圍繞的是保護本土太陽能電池板制造商免受定價低廉的中國競爭對手傷害。印度監(jiān)管機構(gòu)正計劃開征一項稅率為70%的進口關稅，而該國的太陽能發(fā)電開發(fā)商警告稱，此舉可能會使該國快速發(fā)展的太陽能發(fā)電產(chǎn)業(yè)陷入停滯。

Some of the country’s biggest builders of solar farms are battling proposals by Indian regulators to impose an emergency tax on solar cells imported from China and Malaysia, as well as more developed economies. The plans are likely to have a big impact on the Chinese industry, which has ramped up exports to India in part because of domestic oversupply.

印度的一些大型太陽能電場開發(fā)商，正針對該國監(jiān)管機構(gòu)提出的、對進口自中國、馬來西亞及較發(fā)達經(jīng)濟體的太陽能電池征收緊急稅的方案展開斗爭。該方案很可能會給中國的太陽能電池行業(yè)帶來較大影響。中國已加大了對印度的太陽能電池出口，這在一定程度上是由于中國國內(nèi)供應過剩。

The duty was called for by some of India’s biggest panel makers, led by Adani Group, which is controlled by the billionaire businessman Gautam Adani.

以億萬富翁商人高塔姆•阿達尼(Gautam Adani)控制的阿達尼集團(Adani Group)為首，一批印度最大的太陽能電池板制造商呼吁征收此稅。

Their case was accepted by New Delhi’s directorate general of safeguards, which said it would propose an immediate 70 per cent tariff for 200 days until it can reach a more permanent conclusion.

它們的主張得到了印度保障措施總局(DGS)的認可。該局表示，將提議開征一項稅率為70%的關稅，立即生效，持續(xù)200天，直至該局在此問題上得出更長期的結(jié)論。

But the report has sparked an angry response from developers who have reduced their prices in the past few years, putting the Indian solar power industry at the front of a global renewables revolution.

但這份報告引起了太陽能發(fā)電開發(fā)商的憤怒回應。過去幾年，這些太陽能發(fā)電開發(fā)商降低了價格，使印度太陽能發(fā)電行業(yè)走在了全球可再生能源革命的前端。

It has also attracted criticism from smaller manufacturers, which say that by including raw materials under the tariff, the regulator has made it much more expensive for them to make panels. Only a handful of Indian companies make the individual cells that are then knitted together to make the panels, one of which will soon be Adani.

該報告也引起了較小的太陽能電池制造商的批評，它們表示，監(jiān)管機構(gòu)將太陽能發(fā)電原材料納入征收該關稅的范圍內(nèi)，令它們制造太陽能電池板的成本大幅提高。只有少數(shù)幾家印度公司制造太陽能電池片(太陽能電池板由這些電池片拼接而成)，阿達尼集團很快將成為其中一員。

Abhinav Mahajan, director of IB Solar, a manufacturer based near Delhi, said: “They will kill us if they impose this tariff.”

德里附近的太陽能電池制造商IB Solar的董事阿比納夫•馬哈詹(Abhinav Mahajan)表示：“征收這種關稅就是殺了我們。”

The proposals from India’s DGS are particularly sensitive, given the ambitious plans set by the government of Prime Minister Narendra Modi to build 100 gigawatts of new solar power by 2022.

考慮到印度總理納倫德拉•莫迪(Narendra Modi)的政府制定的、到2022年時建成100吉瓦新增太陽能發(fā)電能力的宏偉計劃，印度保障措施總局的方案顯得尤為敏感。

Over the past two years the falling price of Chinese solar panel imports have allowed developers to slash the projected costs of building new solar parks.

過去兩年，從中國進口的太陽能電池板的價格不斷下降，使得太陽能發(fā)電開發(fā)商能夠大幅削減建立新的太陽能電場的預期成本。

But some in the industry have recently begun to warn that the low bids are unsustainable, and vulnerable if the cost of panels unexpectedly rises again.

但最近一些行業(yè)人士開始警告稱，這樣的低報價是不可持續(xù)的，一旦太陽能電池板價格出人意料地反彈，很難保持這樣的報價。

Indian manufacturers for their part have welcomed the plans, arguing that they would boost Mr Modi’s hopes to boost domestic manufacturing, under a scheme he calls “Make in India”.

印度的太陽能電池板制造商則歡迎這個征稅方案，稱此舉對莫迪所期待的提振印度制造業(yè)(莫迪本人稱該計劃為“印度制造”)是件好事。

Adani would not comment on the findings. But Dhruv Sharma, chief executive of Jupiter Capital, one of the co-petitioners, challenged the idea that it would harm power generators. “How are they going to sell cheap power if there is no manufacturing in this country?” he said. “We want cheap electricity, but beyond a certain balancing point we will have no manufacturing.”

阿達尼不愿對印度保障措施總局的初步結(jié)論置評。但另外一家參與請愿活動的公司Jupiter Capital的首席執(zhí)行官杜魯夫•夏爾馬(Dhruv Sharma)對征稅將損害印度太陽能發(fā)電產(chǎn)業(yè)的說法提出了異議。“如果這個國家沒有制造業(yè)了，它們將如何賣出廉價的電力?”他說，“我們想要廉價的電力，但超過某個平衡點，我們就沒有制造業(yè)了。”