2月新聞熱詞匯總
婚姻消費(fèi)補(bǔ)貼 subsidy for wedding expenditure
North China's Shanxi province have earmarked an estimated 95 million yuan ($15 million) in cash incentives for newly married couples in an effort to help them start families of their own.
山西省預(yù)計(jì)將撥款9500萬(wàn)元對(duì)新婚夫婦進(jìn)行現(xiàn)金補(bǔ)貼，幫助他們建立家庭。
婚姻消費(fèi)補(bǔ)貼專項(xiàng)基金(subsidy for wedding expenditure)，簡(jiǎn)稱婚補(bǔ)基金，是經(jīng)民政部直管的中國(guó)社會(huì)工作聯(lián)合會(huì)批準(zhǔn)，于去年6月9日為促進(jìn)婚姻家庭建設(shè)而成立的公益基金，這是我國(guó)首個(gè)以新婚人群(newly married couples)為主要服務(wù)對(duì)象的公益基金。
婚補(bǔ)基金面向領(lǐng)取結(jié)婚證一年之內(nèi)的新人，補(bǔ)貼范圍包括婚紗攝影(wedding photos)、婚宴酒店(wedding receptions)、婚禮慶典(wedding ceremony)、婚房裝修(home decorations)、蜜月旅行(honeymoon travel)、家用電器(household appliances)等，基本涵蓋了新婚消費(fèi)的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。補(bǔ)貼標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為黃金3 元/克，汽車消費(fèi)500元/輛，婚紗攝影等其他消費(fèi)項(xiàng)目按平均消費(fèi)額的5%予以補(bǔ)貼。
中英“黃金時(shí)代”增強(qiáng)版 enhanced version of the "Golden Era" bilateral ties
President Xi Jinping met with visiting British Prime Minister Theresa May Thursday, calling on both countries to forge an enhanced version of the "Golden Era" bilateral ties.
國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平1日會(huì)見(jiàn)來(lái)華訪問(wèn)的英國(guó)首相特雷莎?梅，并提出中英雙方應(yīng)共同打造“黃金時(shí)代”增強(qiáng)版。
習(xí)近平指出，2015年我對(duì)英國(guó)進(jìn)行了成功訪問(wèn)，雙方共同揭開(kāi)了中英關(guān)系“黃金序章(Golden Prologue)”。中方愿同英方一道，推動(dòng)中英關(guān)系在新時(shí)代健康穩(wěn)定發(fā)展(China is willing to work with Britain to promote the healthy and steady development of bilateral ties in a new era)，為兩國(guó)人民帶來(lái)更多福祉，為世界繁榮穩(wěn)定提供更多助力。
習(xí)近平強(qiáng)調(diào)，當(dāng)前，世界多極化(a multipolar world)、經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化(economic globalization)、社會(huì)信息化(wide IT application)、文化多樣化(cultural diversity)深入發(fā)展，人類命運(yùn)休戚與共，和平、發(fā)展、合作、共贏(peace, development and win-win cooperation)已經(jīng)成為時(shí)代主流。中英雙方應(yīng)順應(yīng)時(shí)代潮流，結(jié)合兩國(guó)各自發(fā)展階段和合作需求，賦予中英關(guān)系新的時(shí)代內(nèi)涵，共同打造“黃金時(shí)代”增強(qiáng)版。
一要提升中英關(guān)系“黃金時(shí)代”戰(zhàn)略性(upgrade the strategic level of the "Golden Era" bilateral ties)，從戰(zhàn)略高度和全局角度看待和規(guī)劃雙邊關(guān)系未來(lái)發(fā)展。繼續(xù)辦好戰(zhàn)略、財(cái)金、人文等高層對(duì)話機(jī)制(continue to host high-level dialogue in areas of strategy, finance and people-to-people exchanges)，不斷夯實(shí)“黃金時(shí)代”的政治基礎(chǔ)。
二要增強(qiáng)中英關(guān)系“黃金時(shí)代”務(wù)實(shí)性(energize practical cooperation in the "Golden Era" bilateral ties)，推動(dòng)兩國(guó)經(jīng)貿(mào)合作再上新臺(tái)階。中英雙方可以在“一帶一路”框架內(nèi)開(kāi)展更大范圍、更高水平、更深層次的互利合作(China and Britain can carry out broader and more in-depth cooperation of higher standard within the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative)。
三要拓展中英關(guān)系“黃金時(shí)代”全球性(enhance globalization of the "Golden Era" bilateral ties)，深化在聯(lián)合國(guó)、二十國(guó)集團(tuán)、世界貿(mào)易組織等多邊機(jī)構(gòu)內(nèi)交流合作，推動(dòng)解決氣候變化等全球性挑戰(zhàn)，共同促進(jìn)世界和平與穩(wěn)定。
四要促進(jìn)中英關(guān)系“黃金時(shí)代”包容性(promote inclusiveness of the "Golden Era" bilateral ties)，發(fā)揚(yáng)兩國(guó)文明兼收并蓄、博采眾長(zhǎng)的傳統(tǒng)理念，加強(qiáng)人文交流，增進(jìn)兩國(guó)交往和友誼，夯實(shí)兩國(guó)關(guān)系民意基礎(chǔ)，為促進(jìn)東西方文明交流互鑒、不同文明國(guó)家“和合共生”樹(shù)立典范(the two countries should reinforce people-to-people and cultural exchanges to set an example of realizing harmony and coexistence between eastern and western countries)。
鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略 the strategy of rural vitalization
China on Sunday released a package of policies under the "No 1 central document" of the year, charting the roadmap for rural vitalization.
我國(guó)2月4日發(fā)布“中央一號(hào)文件”，公布一系列政策，部署鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略。
文件指出，實(shí)施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略(the strategy of rural vitalization)，是解決人民日益增長(zhǎng)的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的發(fā)展之間矛盾(to address the contradiction between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life)的必然要求，是實(shí)現(xiàn)“兩個(gè)一百年”奮斗目標(biāo)(to realize the Two Centenary Goals)的必然要求，是實(shí)現(xiàn)全體人民共同富裕(to achieve prosperity for all)的必然要求。
文件指出，鄉(xiāng)村振興，產(chǎn)業(yè)興旺(thriving businesses)是重點(diǎn);生態(tài)宜居(pleasant living environment)是關(guān)鍵;鄉(xiāng)風(fēng)文明(social etiquette and civility)是保障;治理有效(effective governance)是基礎(chǔ);生活富裕(prosperity)是根本;擺脫貧困(out of poverty)是前提。
文件確定了實(shí)施鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略的目標(biāo)任務(wù)：到2020年，鄉(xiāng)村振興取得重要進(jìn)展，制度框架和政策體系基本形成( the strategy should have established an institutional framework and policy system);到2035年，鄉(xiāng)村振興取得決定性進(jìn)展，農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村現(xiàn)代化基本實(shí)現(xiàn)("decisive" progress shall be made, with basic modernization of agriculture and rural areas);到2050年，鄉(xiāng)村全面振興，農(nóng)業(yè)強(qiáng)、農(nóng)村美、農(nóng)民富全面實(shí)現(xiàn)(rural areas should have strong agriculture, a beautiful countryside and well-off farmers)。
藍(lán)天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)三年作戰(zhàn)計(jì)劃 three-year plan on defending the blue sky
The Chinese government has announced plans to roll out a three-year plan to ensure greater achievements in air pollution control.
我國(guó)政府宣布推出三年計(jì)劃，以確保在污染防治方面取得更大成績(jī)。
除制定實(shí)施打贏藍(lán)天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)三年作戰(zhàn)計(jì)劃(three-year plan on defending the blue sky)外，今年還要出臺(tái)京津冀及周邊地區(qū)(the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas)、長(zhǎng)三角(the Yangtze River Delta)、汾渭平原(the Fenhe and Weihe plain)等重點(diǎn)區(qū)域大氣污染防治實(shí)施方案。
環(huán)保部部長(zhǎng)李干杰表示，到2020年，全國(guó)未達(dá)標(biāo)城市PM2.5平均濃度要比2015年降低18%，地級(jí)及以上城市優(yōu)良天數(shù)比例達(dá)到80%(to increase the number of good air quality days in the prefecture-level cities and above to 80 percent by 2020)。這也是“十三五”規(guī)劃提出的約束性指標(biāo)。
在產(chǎn)業(yè)、能源、運(yùn)輸三大結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整方面，今年我國(guó)將穩(wěn)步推進(jìn)北方地區(qū)清潔取暖(promoting the use of clean energy in winter heating in north China)，加快淘汰燃煤小鍋爐(speeding up elimination of small coal-fired boilers)，并開(kāi)展煤氣發(fā)生爐專項(xiàng)整治行動(dòng)。推動(dòng)減少公路運(yùn)輸(lowering percentage of road transport)、提高鐵路貨運(yùn)比例(increasing percentage of rail freight)，整治柴油貨車超標(biāo)排放(cracking down on excessive emission of diesel-powered trucks)。繼續(xù)推進(jìn)燃煤電廠超低排放改造，啟動(dòng)鋼鐵行業(yè)超低排放改造，加強(qiáng)重點(diǎn)行業(yè)揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物治理(strengthening management of VOC in key industries)，開(kāi)展“散亂污”企業(yè)及集群全面排查整治。
奧林匹克休戰(zhàn)墻 Olympic Truce Mural
The inauguration of the Olympic Truce Mural took place on Feb 5 at the PyeongChang Olympic Village. According to the organizers of the PyeongChang 2018 Olympic Winter Games, the mural is "a reflection of a bridge as it signifies PyeongChang's vision to use the Olympic and Paralympic Games to open bridges between nations and help achieve a better world through sports."
“奧林匹克休戰(zhàn)墻”2月5日在平昌奧運(yùn)村揭幕。平昌冬奧組委表示，休戰(zhàn)墻“是一座橋的形狀，這代表了平昌用奧運(yùn)會(huì)和殘奧會(huì)在各國(guó)之間搭建橋梁、通過(guò)體育讓世界變得更加美好的愿望。”
此次休戰(zhàn)墻的主題為“搭建橋梁(Building Bridges)”，墻高約3米、寬約7米，每面墻的中間部分都向下彎曲倒下，猶如拱橋的形狀，體現(xiàn)打破壁壘，搭建和平橋梁的寓意。
Olympic Truce就是“奧林匹克休戰(zhàn)”，truce指的是a state of peace agreed to between opponents 或者a cessation of all hostilities;那么“宣布休戰(zhàn)”就是declaration of truce，與其意思相近的還有ceasefire，這兩個(gè)詞都表示“暫時(shí)停火”;armistice則表示參戰(zhàn)雙方達(dá)成正式的“停戰(zhàn)協(xié)議”，尋找其他解決沖突的方法。
“奧林匹克休戰(zhàn)墻”的英文為Olympic Truce Mural，這里之所以用mural，而不是wall，是因?yàn)檫@面墻并不是空白的墻，而是繪有代表奧林匹克停戰(zhàn)精神藝術(shù)圖案的墻，mural這個(gè)詞指的就是繪在墻面或者天花板等固定物體表面的藝術(shù)作品。
智能春聯(lián) Smart Spring Festival Couplets
Using AI technology, the Smart Spring Festival Couplets app created by CCTV and Baidu can write a pair of customized couplets within seconds according to the key words entered by users.
央視和百度聯(lián)合推出的“智能春聯(lián)”利用人工智能技術(shù)，能夠根據(jù)用戶輸入的關(guān)鍵詞在幾秒鐘之內(nèi)寫(xiě)出一副個(gè)性化的春聯(lián)。
用戶還能為這幅春聯(lián)加上自己或親友的名字，為好友送上定制化的祝福(customized festival wishes)。
除了傳統(tǒng)的春聯(lián)，“智能春聯(lián)”還能根據(jù)年輕人喜歡的星座(horoscope)、熱詞(buzzword)等，創(chuàng)作出個(gè)性化春聯(lián)。
反導(dǎo)攔截試驗(yàn) anti-missile interception test
The Ministry of National Defense announced on Tuesday that China has successfully tested a land-based mid-course anti-missile intercept technology within its territory on Monday, and the test achieved its preset goal.
國(guó)防部6日宣布，5日，我國(guó)在境內(nèi)進(jìn)行了一次陸基中段反導(dǎo)攔截技術(shù)試驗(yàn)，試驗(yàn)達(dá)到了預(yù)期目標(biāo)。
反導(dǎo)攔截(anti-missile interception)技術(shù)按發(fā)射地分為陸基(land-based)、?；?sea-based)和天基(space-based)，分別指反導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)在陸地、海上和天空發(fā)射。按照攔截時(shí)機(jī)不同可分為三大類，即助推段(boost phase)、中段(mid-course)和末端(terminal)。中段是彈道導(dǎo)彈飛行高度最高的一段，遠(yuǎn)程彈道導(dǎo)彈(ballistic missile)的中段是在大氣層以外飛行。在中段進(jìn)行攔截，可以避免敵方導(dǎo)彈飛臨我方本土，相對(duì)于"愛(ài)國(guó)者3"等末端反導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)(anti-missile system)，安全系數(shù)更高。但中段攔截因?yàn)槟繕?biāo)距離遠(yuǎn)，也要求反導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)的雷達(dá)擁有更遠(yuǎn)的探測(cè)距離(detection range)、攔截彈擁有更快的速度和加速度，技術(shù)難度更高。
中段導(dǎo)彈攔截被認(rèn)為是目前最為可行的反導(dǎo)彈方案(be regarded as the most feasible anti-missile plan at present)。陸基中段導(dǎo)彈防御系統(tǒng)(ground-based midcourse missile defense system)的系統(tǒng)組成龐雜、技術(shù)難度極高，此前，世界上只有美國(guó)一國(guó)進(jìn)行過(guò)這種研究試驗(yàn)，中國(guó)是第二個(gè)進(jìn)行陸基中段反導(dǎo)攔截試驗(yàn)(land-based mid-course anti-missile interception test)的國(guó)家。國(guó)防部稱，這一試驗(yàn)是防御性的(the test is defensive in nature)，不針對(duì)任何國(guó)家。
冬奧會(huì) Winter Olympic Games
The 23rd Winter Olympic Games will officially kick off Friday in Pyeongchang, South Korea. The opening ceremony, titled "Peace in Motion," begins at 8 pm local time.
第23屆冬季奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將于9日在韓國(guó)平昌正式開(kāi)幕。開(kāi)幕式主題是"為了和平的行動(dòng)"，將于當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間晚8點(diǎn)開(kāi)始。
平昌冬奧會(huì)(the Pyeongchang Winter Olympic Games)是史上規(guī)模最大的冬奧會(huì)(the largest Winter Games in history)，有來(lái)自92個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的2920名運(yùn)動(dòng)員(2,920 athletes from 92 countries and regions)參加這場(chǎng)為期17天的冰雪盛會(huì)，比賽共分7大項(xiàng)(sports)、15個(gè)分項(xiàng)(discipines)以及102個(gè)小項(xiàng)(events)，設(shè)有13座比賽場(chǎng)館和3座訓(xùn)練場(chǎng)館。平昌冬奧會(huì)將在4個(gè)項(xiàng)目上新增小項(xiàng)，分別是冰壺混合雙人賽(mixed doubles in curling)、速度滑冰集體出發(fā)(speed skating mass start)、高山滑雪團(tuán)體賽(Alpine skiing team event)，以及單板滑雪大跳臺(tái)(snowboard big air)。
為了增強(qiáng)冬季運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目實(shí)力(expand its winter sports prowess)、備戰(zhàn)2022年在本國(guó)舉辦的冬奧會(huì)，中國(guó)派出了其史上最大的代表團(tuán)出征平昌冬奧會(huì)，與世界高手一決高下(vie with the world's best)。中國(guó)體育代表團(tuán)共186人，其中包括82名運(yùn)動(dòng)員，他們將角逐5個(gè)大項(xiàng)中的55個(gè)小項(xiàng)。在自由式滑雪U型場(chǎng)地(freestyle skiing half-pipe)、雪車(bobsled)和單板平行大回轉(zhuǎn)(parallel giant slalom in snowboarding)等10個(gè)小項(xiàng)中，我國(guó)運(yùn)動(dòng)員首次獲得冬奧會(huì)參賽資格。
生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線 red lines for ecological protection
China has designated 610,000 square kilometers of land as key ecological zones with a fragile environmental status. The demarcated area covers 15 provincial regions, including Beijing, and is intended to strengthen ecological protection, the Ministry of Environmental Protection announced on Monday.
環(huán)保部12日宣布，我國(guó)已將北京市等15個(gè)省(市)約61萬(wàn)平方公里的土地劃定為生態(tài)功能極重要和生態(tài)環(huán)境極敏感脆弱地區(qū)，以加強(qiáng)生態(tài)保護(hù)。
生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線(red lines for ecological protection)是指在自然生態(tài)服務(wù)功能(ecosystem services)、環(huán)境質(zhì)量安全(environmental quality and safety)、自然資源利用(use of natural resources)等方面，需要實(shí)行嚴(yán)格保護(hù)的空間邊界與管理限值(boundaries and limits)，以維護(hù)國(guó)家和區(qū)域生態(tài)安全及經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，保障人民群眾健康。
此次劃定的生態(tài)保護(hù)區(qū)域涵蓋了國(guó)家級(jí)和省級(jí)自然保護(hù)區(qū)(nature reserves of national and provincial levels)、風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)(scenic areas)、森林公園(forest parks)、地質(zhì)公園(geological parks)、濕地公園(wetland parks)等各類保護(hù)地，基本實(shí)現(xiàn)了“應(yīng)劃盡劃”。
從不同區(qū)域看，京津冀區(qū)域生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線包括水源涵養(yǎng)(water conservation)、生物多樣性維護(hù)(maintenance of biodiversity)、水土保持(conservation of water and soil)、防風(fēng)固沙(windbreak and sand fixing)、水土流失控制(control of soil erosion)、土地沙化控制(control of land desertification)、海岸生態(tài)穩(wěn)定(ecological stability in coastal areas)等7大類37個(gè)片區(qū)，構(gòu)成了以燕山生態(tài)屏障、太行山生態(tài)屏障、壩上高原防風(fēng)固沙帶、沿海生態(tài)防護(hù)帶為主體的“兩屏兩帶”生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線空間分布格局。
長(zhǎng)江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線包括水源涵養(yǎng)、生物多樣性維護(hù)、水土保持、水土流失控制、石漠化控制(rocky desertification control)和海岸生態(tài)穩(wěn)定等6大類144個(gè)片區(qū)，構(gòu)成了以“三區(qū)十二帶”為主的生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線空間格局。寧夏回族自治區(qū)生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線包括水源涵養(yǎng)、生物多樣性維護(hù)、水土保持、防風(fēng)固沙、水土流失控制等5大類9個(gè)片區(qū),構(gòu)成了以“三屏一帶五區(qū)”為主的生態(tài)保護(hù)紅線空間格局。
開(kāi)除黨籍、開(kāi)除公職 be dismissed from public office and expelled from the Party
Lu Wei, the former head of China's internet watchdog, has been dismissed from public office and expelled from the Party for multiple offenses, including taking bribes, the top anti-graft agency said.
因受賄等多項(xiàng)違紀(jì)問(wèn)題，中紀(jì)委決定給予中央網(wǎng)信辦原主任魯煒開(kāi)除黨籍、開(kāi)除公職處分。
這里的“開(kāi)除黨籍、開(kāi)除公職(be dismissed from public office and expelled from the Party)”就是“雙開(kāi)”。
對(duì)于魯煒的嚴(yán)重違紀(jì)問(wèn)題，新華社是這樣翻譯的：
嚴(yán)重違反政治紀(jì)律和政治規(guī)矩
severely violate Party discipline
陽(yáng)奉陰違、欺騙中央
while appearing obedient, he had covertly refused to implement Party decisions
目無(wú)規(guī)矩、肆意妄為，妄議中央
acted wantonly and issued groundless criticisms of Party policies
干擾中央巡視
obstructed the central authority's discipline inspections
公器私用，不擇手段為個(gè)人造勢(shì)
abused his power and public resources for personal purposes, and unscrupulously sought personal influence
匿名誣告他人，拉幫結(jié)派、搞“小圈子”
framed others anonymously and formed factions and cliques
嚴(yán)重違反中央八項(xiàng)規(guī)定精神和群眾紀(jì)律
violated the Party's eight-point frugality code and mass line spirit
頻繁出入私人會(huì)所，大搞特權(quán)，作風(fēng)粗暴、專橫跋扈
frequented luxurious venues, waywardly sought and used privileges, and acted peremptorily and arbitrarily
組織談話函詢時(shí)不如實(shí)說(shuō)明問(wèn)題
failed to cooperate with investigators
以權(quán)謀私，收錢斂財(cái)
used his power for personal gains
對(duì)中央關(guān)于網(wǎng)信工作的戰(zhàn)略部署搞選擇性執(zhí)行
selective in implementing the CPC Central Committee's cyberspace management strategy
以權(quán)謀色、毫無(wú)廉恥
shamelessly traded power for sex
利用職務(wù)上的便利為他人謀取利益并收受巨額財(cái)物涉嫌受賄犯罪
took advantage of his position to seek profits for others and received a huge amount of property, leading to suspicions he had accepted bribes
理想信念缺失，毫無(wú)黨性原則，對(duì)黨中央極端不忠誠(chéng)
lost his Communist faith and is extremely disloyal
“四個(gè)意識(shí)”個(gè)個(gè)皆無(wú)，“六大紀(jì)律”項(xiàng)項(xiàng)違反
completely betrayed each and every important political requirement and major discipline for Party members
典型的“兩面人”
a typical example of duplicity
黨的十八大后不收斂、不知止，問(wèn)題嚴(yán)重集中，群眾反映強(qiáng)烈
even after the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, he still showed no sign of restraint and his wrongdoings were of a grave nature and caused public outcry
媽媽裝的后備箱 the trunk your mom packed
"The trunk your mom packed" was a popular topic on social media in China on Wednesday as the week-long Chinese New Year holiday drew to a close, reports Beijing Youth Daily.
據(jù)《北京青年報(bào)》報(bào)道，為期一周的春節(jié)假期結(jié)束，“媽媽給裝的后備箱”成為國(guó)內(nèi)社交媒體上的熱門話題。
從多位網(wǎng)友曬的照片可以看出，基本都是家鄉(xiāng)的食品和土特產(chǎn)(local products)，香腸(sausages)、雞蛋(eggs)、小米(millet)、水果(fruits)、大白菜(Chinese cabbages)，五花八門，共同點(diǎn)是不管轎車還是SUV，整個(gè)后備箱基本都被塞得滿滿的。
我們發(fā)現(xiàn)英文媒體在表達(dá)“媽媽給裝的后備箱”時(shí)使用了三種表達(dá)：trunks your mom packed、 trunks crammed with food、trunks stuffed with food。這里的三個(gè)詞pack、cram以及stuff不僅有“把...裝進(jìn)”的意思，更加強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“裝滿、塞滿”。從網(wǎng)友曬出的照片，我們也能看出來(lái)，后備箱里的確是塞得滿滿當(dāng)當(dāng)，真是一點(diǎn)空間都不留。
我們?cè)賮?lái)分別看三個(gè)例句：
Seventy thousand people will pack the stadium.
將有7萬(wàn)人擠滿整個(gè)體育場(chǎng)。
It's difficult to cram everything into a tight schedule.
日程緊，很難把所有事情都安排進(jìn)去。
He grabbed my purse, opened it and stuffed it full, then gave it back to me...
他搶過(guò)我的錢包，打開(kāi)并塞滿錢，然后還給了我。
冬奧“首金”first gold medal
Wu Dajing won China's first gold medal at the Pyeongchang 2018 Olympic Winter Games by breaking world record twice in men's 500 meters short track speed skating on Thursday.
22日，武大靖兩次打破短道速滑男子500米的世界紀(jì)錄，為我國(guó)贏得平昌2018冬奧會(huì)上的首塊金牌。
20日，在短道速滑男子500米預(yù)賽(men's 500 meters short track speed skating preliminary contest)中，武大靖以40秒264的成績(jī)打破奧運(yùn)紀(jì)錄(break Olympic Games record)，成功晉級(jí);22日晚，武大靖以39秒800的成績(jī)打破了塵封6年的世界紀(jì)錄(world record)，進(jìn)入半決賽(semifinal);僅僅一個(gè)小時(shí)后，武大靖就以39秒584的成績(jī)打破了自己剛創(chuàng)下的世界紀(jì)錄摘金，為中國(guó)代表隊(duì)奪得了本屆冬奧會(huì)的首枚金牌(grab the first gold medal at this Olympic Winter Games)，實(shí)現(xiàn)中國(guó)男子冰上競(jìng)速項(xiàng)目冬奧會(huì)金牌零的突破。
賽后接受采訪時(shí)，武大靖難掩激動(dòng)之情。他說(shuō)："這塊金牌是我們團(tuán)隊(duì)集體努力的結(jié)果，我們相互鼓勵(lì)和支持，今天已經(jīng)做到很好。我想把這枚金牌分享給支持和幫助我們的人。其實(shí)如果這枚金牌能掰開(kāi)的話，我想分給我們團(tuán)隊(duì)每個(gè)人一塊(if the gold can be shared, I hope to share it with all of my teammates from Chinese team)。"
反向春運(yùn) reverse Spring Rush
The reverse Spring Rush has not only eased the burden on the railways during the Spring Festival holiday, but also encouraged more people to visit scenic spots in the big cities during the holiday.
反向春運(yùn)不僅減輕了鐵路部門在春節(jié)假期期間的負(fù)擔(dān)，也鼓勵(lì)更多人在假日期間游覽大城市中的旅游景點(diǎn)。
如今當(dāng)春運(yùn)拉開(kāi)帷幕，面對(duì)瞬間"秒光"的火車票和令人咂舌的飛機(jī)票時(shí)，一些在外打拼的年輕人，不再執(zhí)著于搶購(gòu)回家的火車票，而是將老家的父母接到身邊來(lái)過(guò)年(transport their parents in the hometown to come to them for the holiday)，于是，從老家到孩子所在地過(guò)團(tuán)圓年的"反向春運(yùn)(reverse Spring Rush)"由此誕生。
中國(guó)青年報(bào)日前對(duì)1975名離家常年在外的受訪者進(jìn)行的調(diào)查顯示，65%的受訪者認(rèn)為接父母"反向過(guò)年"的現(xiàn)象變多了。61.2%的受訪者認(rèn)為父母在來(lái)到年輕一代人城里家中時(shí)，會(huì)有機(jī)會(huì)飽覽不同文化和景色(parents can have an opportunity to feast their eyes on different cultures and landscapes while paying a visit to the urban homes of the younger generation)，體驗(yàn)更精彩的生活。常住北上廣深等一線城市的受訪者希望父母"反向過(guò)年"的意愿最高，達(dá)51.4%。與此同時(shí)，52.3%的受訪者認(rèn)為，父母的到來(lái)能使他們從長(zhǎng)途往返的行程中解放出來(lái)(free them from long distance commuting)。24.9%的人指出，這種方式還可以避免夫妻雙方為決定和哪方家人過(guò)年(decide with which side of the family the holiday should be spent)而爭(zhēng)吵。
闔家團(tuán)圓永遠(yuǎn)是春節(jié)的主題(family reunions are the permanent theme of Spring Festival)，反向春運(yùn)是平衡工作和家庭，傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代的一種方式(the reverse Spring Rush is a way to balance work and family, the traditional and the modern)。越來(lái)越多的人認(rèn)為一家人在一起最重要，把父母接到自己身邊過(guò)年同樣可以家庭團(tuán)圓，共度春節(jié)。
學(xué)校恐懼癥 school phobia
After the end of a semester and before the next, there are a good number of children with “school refusal disorder,” Dr Zhang Yiwen of Shanghai Children’s Medical Center told The Paper.
上海兒童醫(yī)學(xué)中心的章依文醫(yī)師對(duì)澎湃新聞表示，在上一個(gè)學(xué)期結(jié)束、下一個(gè)學(xué)期開(kāi)始之前，有很多孩子都有“拒絕上學(xué)癥”。
“學(xué)校恐懼癥”(school phobia)，也稱為“拒絕上學(xué)癥”(school refusal disorder)，指一些兒童和青少年對(duì)學(xué)校產(chǎn)生恐懼和厭惡心理，不愿回到學(xué)校，表現(xiàn)出來(lái)的癥狀有：頭疼(headache)、惡心(nausea)、胃疼(stomachache)等。
兒童(children)和青少年(teenagers)是開(kāi)學(xué)恐懼癥的多發(fā)人群。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，13.8%的兒童情緒障礙(mental disorder)為學(xué)?？謶职Y。國(guó)內(nèi)有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，學(xué)?？謶职Y中女孩比男孩略多見(jiàn)，男女比為3:4。
學(xué)?？謶职Y多發(fā)于幾個(gè)年齡段。5-7歲為第一高峰期。這一階段可能與分離焦慮(separation anxiety)相關(guān);11-12歲為第二高峰期，可能與學(xué)習(xí)壓力(school pressure)逐漸加重，難以適應(yīng)環(huán)境，以及與老師、同學(xué)間的人際沖突(interpersonal conflicts)有關(guān);14-15歲為第三個(gè)高峰期，這可能與學(xué)生進(jìn)入青春期身心發(fā)展不平衡(unbalanced physical and mental development)、自我意識(shí)沖突等因素有關(guān)。
另外，畢業(yè)班的學(xué)生面臨升學(xué)的關(guān)鍵學(xué)期，沉重的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)以及自身和家長(zhǎng)的過(guò)高期望(overexpectation)、渴望成功但又擔(dān)心失敗的心理(the mentality of longing for success while worrying about failure)都讓孩子們深感壓力巨大。
校外培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu) after-school training institutions
China will establish a blacklist of after-school training institutions that have safety hazards, lack permits or have engaged in misconduct, the Ministry of Education said.
教育部表示要對(duì)快速發(fā)展的校外培訓(xùn)行業(yè)進(jìn)行治理，將對(duì)有安全隱患、無(wú)資質(zhì)和不良行為的校外培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)建立黑名單。
中國(guó)教育學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)布的《中國(guó)輔導(dǎo)教育行業(yè)及輔導(dǎo)機(jī)構(gòu)教師現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查報(bào)告》顯示，2016年我國(guó)現(xiàn)有中小學(xué)生1.8億，中小學(xué)課外輔導(dǎo)學(xué)生超過(guò)1.37億人次(more than 137 million primary and secondary school students attended after-school training institutions)，市場(chǎng)規(guī)模(market value)超過(guò)8000億元。校外培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)競(jìng)賽成績(jī)成為升學(xué)“敲門磚”，學(xué)校老師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生參加校外培訓(xùn)的現(xiàn)象屢見(jiàn)不鮮。
此次專項(xiàng)治理行動(dòng)聚焦六類不規(guī)范行為，可以概括為3個(gè)方面：
一是治理無(wú)資質(zhì)和有安全隱患的培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)(institutions that lack permits and have safety hazards)，把確保學(xué)生安全放在首要位置。
二是治理數(shù)學(xué)語(yǔ)文等學(xué)科類超綱教(training activities beyond the teaching syllabus)超前學(xué)等“應(yīng)試”培訓(xùn)行為，把減輕學(xué)生校外負(fù)擔(dān)(reduce the burden on primary and secondary school students)放在最突出位置。
The after-school institutions should submit their course curricula, enrollment targets and class hours to local education authorities for registration.
校外培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)開(kāi)展學(xué)科類培訓(xùn)內(nèi)容、招生對(duì)象、上課時(shí)間等要向所在地教育行政部門進(jìn)行登記備案。
They are not allowed to organize graded examinations or conduct competitions for primary and secondary school students, and the training results from these institutions cannot be used as criteria for future enrollment in primary and middle schools.
嚴(yán)禁校外培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)組織中小學(xué)生等級(jí)考試及競(jìng)賽，校外培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)培訓(xùn)結(jié)果不得與中小學(xué)校招生入學(xué)掛鉤。
三是治理學(xué)校和教師中存在的不良教育教學(xué)行為(misconduct in teaching)，把強(qiáng)化學(xué)校和教師管理提到更重要位置。
Teachers who lure or coerce students to attend extra training will be dealt with seriously or even stripped of their teaching credentials.
教師誘導(dǎo)或逼迫學(xué)生參加校外培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)培訓(xùn)等行為，一經(jīng)查實(shí)，一律依法嚴(yán)肅處理，直至取消教師資格。
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