美國就網(wǎng)絡攻擊對俄羅斯實施制裁

The US ramped up pressure on Russia over cyber attacks, including Moscow’s interference in the 2016 presidential elections, as it unveiled sanctions on individuals and entities including Russian intelligence services.

美國加大了對俄羅斯的壓力，矛頭指向網(wǎng)絡攻擊，包括莫斯科方面干涉2016年美國總統(tǒng)大選。特朗普政府宣布對一些個人和實體(包括俄羅斯情報部門)實施制裁。

The move comes amid intense pressure on Donald Trump to take harsher action against President Vladimir Putin as the US president fends off allegations that his election campaign was aided by Russia. Tension between Russia and the West have escalated further in recent days following the attempted murder of former double agent Sergei Skripal and his daughter in a nerve agent attack in the UK this month.

此舉的背景是唐納德•特朗普(Donald Trump)受到強大壓力，要求他對俄羅斯總統(tǒng)弗拉基米爾•普京(Vladimir Putin)采取更加嚴厲的行動，與此同時美國總統(tǒng)拒不承認有關他的競選活動得到俄羅斯暗中相助的指控。前雙面間諜謝爾蓋•斯克里帕爾(Sergei Skripal)及其女兒本月在英國遭遇神經(jīng)毒劑襲擊后，俄羅斯與西方之間的緊張近日進一步升級。

On Thursday, the leaders of the US, France and Germany joined Britain’s prime minister in blaming Russia for the attack. The US Treasury said the recent use of a military-grade nerve agent in an attempt to murder two UK citizens was sign of “reckless and irresponsible conduct” by the country’s government.

周四，美國、法國和德國領導人表態(tài)聲援英國首相，指責俄羅斯發(fā)動襲擊。美國財政部表示，最近使用軍用級神經(jīng)毒劑企圖刺殺兩名英國公民的行為，是俄羅斯政府“魯莽和不負責任的行為”的跡象。

The Treasury department said it was designating five entities and 19 individuals in response to what Steven Mnuchin, Treasury secretary, called “nefarious attacks”.

美國財政部表示，為回應財長史蒂文•姆努欽(Steven Mnuchin,上圖)所稱的“窮兇極惡的攻擊”，該部把五個實體和19名個人列入制裁名單。

In its statement, the Treasury department said Russian government cyber actors have since 2016 targeted US government entities and “multiple US critical infrastructure sectors” — among them energy, nuclear, commercial facilities, water, aviation, and manufacturing.

美國財政部在聲明中表示，自2016年以來，俄羅斯政府的網(wǎng)絡行動者把美國政府實體和“多個美國關鍵基礎設施部門”(包括能源、核能、商業(yè)設施、水務、航空和制造)視為目標。

A senior national security official said the US had discovered that cyber actors conducted network reconnaissance on the systems that run US factories and America’s energy grid. The breach of the grid has alarmed national security officials and bears out long-held concerns at the Pentagon that Moscow will seek to disable critical US infrastructure.

負責國家安全的一名美國高官表示，美國發(fā)現(xiàn)，俄方的網(wǎng)絡行動者對維持美國工廠運行的系統(tǒng)以及美國的電網(wǎng)進行了網(wǎng)絡偵察。電網(wǎng)遭到侵入使國家安全官員們感到震驚，這也應驗了五角大樓的長期擔憂，即莫斯科方面將尋求讓美國的關鍵基礎設施停擺。

Among the entities targeted by the Treasury sanctions are the Federal Security Service, Russia’s key intelligence organisation, as well as the Main Intelligence Directorate, or GRU.

在被美國財政部列為制裁對象的實體中，有俄羅斯主要情報機構聯(lián)邦安全局(FSB)，還有俄軍總參謀部情報總局(GRU)。

The sanctions hit the three entities and 13 Russian individuals indicted by special counsel Robert Mueller last month for interference in the 2016 presidential election. Among them is the internet Research Agency, an organisation accused of being a “troll farm” that spreads propaganda and disinformation.

制裁對象包括上月被特別檢察官羅伯特•穆勒(Robert Mueller)指控干涉2016年美國總統(tǒng)選舉的三個實體和13名俄羅斯人。其中一個實體是“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)研究機構”(Internet Research Agency)，該組織被指是一個“噴子制造廠”(troll farm)，專門散布宣傳內容和假消息。

In February, Mr Mueller charged the IRA and linked companies and individuals with operating a well-funded propaganda campaign from within the US to “sow discord” and support the Trump presidential campaign while attacking Democratic rival Hillary Clinton.

2月，穆勒向互聯(lián)網(wǎng)研究機構提出刑事指控，并稱相關公司和個人在美國境內從事資金充足的宣傳活動，目的是“播下不和諧的種子”，支持特朗普的總統(tǒng)競選，同時攻擊民主黨競選對手希拉里•克林頓(Hillary Clinton)。

The IRA and its employees allegedly acquired US identities and posed as Americans while using Facebook and other social media to organise political rallies and spread information about divisive social and political issues. The Treasury’s announcement on Thursday echoed Mr Mueller’s indictment and said the IRA had sought to “interfere with the 2016 US election”.

據(jù)稱，“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)研究機構”及其雇員獲得美國身份，并冒充是美國人，利用Facebook和其他社交媒體來組織政治集會，渲染撕裂美國的社會和政治問題。美國財政部周四的宣布呼應了穆勒的控罪書，稱“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)研究機構”試圖“干涉2016年美國大選”。

Among the sanctioned individuals is Yevgeny Prigozhin, who the Treasury said funded the IRA’s interference in the presidential election. Mr Prigozhin has been dubbed “Putin’s chef” as his company Concord, also sanctioned on Thursday, has catering contracts with the Kremlin. Mr Prigozhin was previously targeted by the US in 2016 as part of sanctions related to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.

受到制裁的個人之一是葉甫根尼•普里戈任(Yevgeny Prigozhin);美國財政部表示，他曾資助“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)研究機構”干涉美國總統(tǒng)大選。普里戈任有“普京的廚師”之稱，因為他的公司Concord——也在周四被列入制裁名單——與克里姆林宮訂立了餐飲招待合同。普里戈任在2016年也曾被美國制裁，那次是作為與俄羅斯入侵烏克蘭有關的制裁措施的一部分。

“The administration is confronting and countering malign Russian cyber activity, including their attempted interference in US elections, destructive cyber attacks, and intrusions targeting critical infrastructure,” said Mr Mnuchin in a statement.

“本屆行政當局正在對抗和反制俄羅斯的惡意網(wǎng)絡活動，包括他們企圖干涉美國選舉、破壞性的網(wǎng)絡攻擊以及針對關鍵基礎設施的入侵，”姆努欽在一份聲明中表示。

“These targeted sanctions are a part of a broader effort to address the ongoing nefarious attacks emanating from Russia. Treasury intends to impose additional . . . sanctions, informed by our intelligence community, to hold Russian government officials and oligarchs accountable for their destabilising activities by severing their access to the US financial system.”

“這些有針對性的制裁是更廣泛努力的一部分，目的是應對俄羅斯正在進行的窮兇極惡的攻擊。財政部打算根據(jù)我國情報部門提供的證據(jù)，實施更多……制裁，通過切斷從事破壞活動的俄羅斯政府官員和寡頭進入美國金融體系的渠道，來追究他們的責任。”