圖片中的朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭

This week’s meeting between Kim Jong-un, North Korea’s leader, and his South Korean counterpart, President Moon Jae-in, seeks to ease decades-long tensions that flared into geopolitical conflict during the Korean War from 1950 to 1953.

本周，朝鮮領導人金正恩(Kim Jong-un)與韓國總統(tǒng)文在寅(Moon Jae-in)會面，謀求緩和兩國數十年來的緊張關系，在1950年至1953年的朝鮮戰(zhàn)爭期間，這樣的緊張關系升級為地緣政治沖突。

A particularly brutal conflict, it took the lives of an estimated three to four million people, many of them civilians, and left the Korean Peninsula devastated, particularly in the North, where roughly 25 percent of the population was believed to have been killed. Seoul, the South’s capital, now a booming megacity of 10 million, also suffered widespread destruction, changing hands four times.

那場沖突非常殘忍，據估計約有300萬到400萬人喪命，其中許多是平民，整個朝鮮半島被摧毀，尤其是北邊的朝鮮。據信，該國有約25%的人口在這場沖突中喪生。如今已成為一個擁有1000萬人口、蓬勃發(fā)展的巨型城市韓國首都首爾，當時也遭受了很大破壞，并且四度易手。

The conflict started when North Korea, which had the backing of the Soviet Union and China, invaded the South in June 1950 and quickly pushed South Korean forces to the southeastern tip of the Korean Peninsula. The United States, under the auspices of the United Nations and with troops led by Gen. Douglas MacArthur, invaded behind enemy lines in September at the coastal city of Incheon, pushing the North Korean forces back past their border.

那場沖突發(fā)生時，背后有蘇聯和中國支持的朝鮮在1950年6月入侵韓國，迅速將韓國部隊逼退到了朝鮮半島東南端。在聯合國的支持下，美國部隊由道格拉斯·麥克阿瑟(Douglas MacArthur)將軍率領，于9月侵入敵人位于海濱城市仁川的防線，將朝鮮軍隊逼退回該國邊界。

A particularly bloody stage of the conflict came after the allied forces drove the North Korean troops to the Chinese border, and China entered the conflict in October 1950. The ensuing fighting over the mountainous terrain of North Korea was known for its harsh conditions, especially in wintertime.

在盟軍將朝鮮部隊趕至中國邊境旁，中國于1950年10月參戰(zhàn)后，這場沖突進入了一個尤其血腥的階段。隨后圍繞著朝鮮山嶺地區(qū)展開的戰(zhàn)斗因其艱苦條件而聞名，尤其是在冬天的時候。

For the next two years, the two sides fought to a standstill roughly centered on the area of the 38th parallel, the prewar dividing line between the two Koreas. The United States, North Korea and China agreed to an armistice in July 1953, which South Korea refused to sign. The armistice halted the military conflict but left the combatants still technically in a state of war that has lasted to this day. It also created the Demilitarized Zone that separates North and South Korea and is the site of Friday’s summit meeting.

接下來的兩年，雙方進入大致以38度線為中心的對峙。38度線是戰(zhàn)前朝韓兩國的分隔線。1953年7月，美國、朝鮮和中國就一項停戰(zhàn)協議達成一致，但韓國拒絕在該協議上簽字。該停戰(zhàn)協議暫停了這場沖突，但在嚴格意義上講，交戰(zhàn)雙方仍處于戰(zhàn)爭狀態(tài)，直至今日。停戰(zhàn)協議還劃出非軍事區(qū)，將朝鮮和韓國分隔開來，也就是周五峰會的所在地。