氣候變化或讓南極洲變“綠洲”

科學(xué)家警告，如果再不采取行動(dòng)，南極洲的皚皚白雪將被綠色植被所取代。上一次出現(xiàn)“南極綠洲”是在300萬年前的上新世時(shí)期。如果人類還是無動(dòng)于衷，那么到2100年，地球?qū)⒒貧w恐龍時(shí)代的狀態(tài)。

Man-made climate change could turn Antarctica green, with plants colonising the land as ice sheets shrink, scientists have warned.

科學(xué)家警告說，人為的氣候變化可能會(huì)讓南極洲“變綠”，隨著冰川消退，南極洲大陸上將會(huì)被植被覆蓋。

Experts believe clues about the future of the planet can be gleaned from the Pliocene period three million years ago, the last time carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere were as high as they are today.

專家認(rèn)為，地球未來演變的趨勢(shì)可以從300萬年前的上新世時(shí)期找到線索，當(dāng)時(shí)地球大氣中的二氧化碳水平和現(xiàn)在一樣高。

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Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere reached 400 parts per million (ppm) on average in 2015 for the first time since records began, World Meteorological Organisation figures show.

世界氣象組織的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2015年大氣中的二氧化碳平均水平達(dá)到了百萬分之400，是有記錄以來的最高水平。

 

 

There is likely to be a “lag” before the true effects of reaching such a threshold are felt, Professor Martin Siegert, co-director of the Grantham Institute at Imperial College said.

帝國(guó)理工學(xué)院格蘭瑟姆研究所的聯(lián)合主任馬丁·西格特說，人們對(duì)達(dá)到這樣一個(gè)臨界點(diǎn)的真實(shí)后果的感知會(huì)有一個(gè)“滯后期”。

However, he added, looking to the Pliocene era could offer clues as to how humans might deal with the challenges this creates.

但是，他補(bǔ)充說，人類要如何應(yīng)對(duì)二氧化碳水平過高帶來的挑戰(zhàn)，可以從上新世時(shí)期找到線索。

During this period, sea levels were around 15 metres higher and temperature estimated to be between 2C and 3.5C warmer than now.

在這一時(shí)期，海平面上升了約15米，溫度比現(xiàn)在高出2到3.5攝氏度。

"[If] you put your oven on at home, and set it to 200C, the temperature doesn’t get to that immediately,” Prof Siegert said. “It takes a bit of time, and it's the same with the climate.”

西格特教授說：“如果你在家里打開爐子，把溫度調(diào)到200度，不會(huì)立刻達(dá)到這一溫度。這需要一段時(shí)間，氣候也是一樣。”

Professor Dame Jane Francis, director of the British Antarctic Survey, said remnants of the forests of Antarctica have been found, which are probably dated to the Pliocene age.

英國(guó)南極觀測(cè)站的站長(zhǎng)德蒙·簡(jiǎn)·弗朗西斯教授說，南極洲森林的遺跡已經(jīng)被找到，這些森林很可能來自上新世時(shí)期。

"The really important significance of this is that we've got 400 ppm now, and if we had 400 ppm in the past, this is maybe where we are going back to,” she said. “Which is the ice sheets are going to shrink at times, not all the time but at times... which may allow plants to colonise in Antarctic land again.”

她說：“這些森林遺跡之所以非常重要，是因?yàn)槲覀儸F(xiàn)在的二氧化碳水平已經(jīng)達(dá)到百萬分之400，如果過去地球的二氧化碳水平也曾經(jīng)達(dá)到百萬分之400，這也許就是地球?qū)⒒貧w的狀態(tài)。冰川時(shí)不時(shí)地會(huì)消退，不是一直消退而是偶爾消退，這可能會(huì)讓植被重新覆蓋南極洲大陸。”

Before the industrial revolution in 1850 carbon dioxide levels were about 280 ppm and since then the temperature has increased globally by around 1C, Prof Siegert added.

西格特教授補(bǔ)充說，在1850年工業(yè)革命之前，二氧化碳水平約為百萬分之280，自那以后全球溫度上升了約1攝氏度。

"What it means is that by the end of this century, we might expect another 1C,” he said.

他說：“這意味著到本世紀(jì)末，全球溫度將再上升1攝氏度。”

If carbon dioxide emissions continue at current rates, levels could soar to 1000 ppm by 2100, he added.

他還說，如果二氧化碳排放量以目前速度持續(xù)下去，到2100年，大氣中的二氧化碳水平將高達(dá)百萬分之1000。

This is the same as estimated levels around 100 million years ago, when dinosaurs roamed the earth and Antarctica was warmer and much greener.

屆時(shí)二氧化碳水平將和1億年前持平，那時(shí)候的地球恐龍橫行，南極洲比現(xiàn)在更溫暖，也綠得多。

He called for global action to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

西格特教授呼吁全球采取行動(dòng)來降低大氣中的二氧化碳水平。

"The consequences of what we have done over 150 years will continue into the future, so it's up to us to do something,” Prof Siegert said. “We will be judged in history on how well we respond to this issue, and at the moment we're not doing a very good job.”

西格特教授說：“過去150多年來人類的所作所為造成的后果將會(huì)在未來持續(xù)發(fā)酵，我們有責(zé)任做些事情來防止全球變暖。后人會(huì)評(píng)判我們對(duì)氣候變化問題的應(yīng)對(duì)方式，而眼下我們做的并不好。”