植樹可以幫助這個城市防止400人過早死亡

植樹可以幫助這個城市防止400人過早死亡

Many cities around the world are planting trees as a way to fight climate change.

為了應(yīng)對氣候變化，世界各地的許多城市都在植樹。

But they might also reduce our risks of dying early.

但它們也可能降低我們早死的風(fēng)險。

Scientists say these trees, and other ways to green urban areas, could be just as beneficial to our mental and physical health and reduce the risk of premature death.

科學(xué)家們說，這些樹木，以及其他綠化城市地區(qū)的方法，可能對我們的精神和身體健康同樣有益，并降低過早死亡的風(fēng)險。

New research has put a number on just how many premature deaths could be prevented in one UScity if it were to increase tree cover from 20% to 30% within five years.

一項新的研究表明，如果一個美國城市能在五年內(nèi)將樹木覆蓋率從20%提高到30%，就能避免多少人過早死亡。

Philadelphia, America's fifth-largestcity, could help as many as 403 adults a year live longer if it meets its existing target, according to a study published Monday in the journal Lancet Planetary Health. The city's efforts could also yield a nearly $4 billion estimated annual economic benefit.

美國第五大城市費城周一發(fā)表在《柳葉刀》雜志上的一項研究顯示，如果費城能實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)有的目標，每年將能幫助403名成年人延長壽命。該市的努力還可能產(chǎn)生近40億美元的年度經(jīng)濟效益。

The authors said there's no reason that other cities, particularly ones in climates similar to Philadelphia, shouldn't benefit to the same extent.

研究報告的作者說，其他城市，尤其是氣候與費城相似的城市，沒有理由不從中受益。

"Although every city has its own characteristics, this study provides an example for all the cities in the world: Many lives can be saved by increasing trees and greening urban environments, even at modest levels," said Mark Nieuwenhuijsen, the study coordinator and director of the environment and health initiative at the Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal).

“盡管每個城市都有自己的特點，但這項研究為世界上所有的城市提供了一個范例：即使是在適度的水平上，增加樹木和綠化城市環(huán)境也可以挽救許多生命，”馬克·紐溫胡伊森說，研究協(xié)調(diào)員兼巴塞羅那全球衛(wèi)生研究所環(huán)境與健康倡議主任。

"What's more, green spaces increase biodiversity and reduce the impact of climate change, making our cities more sustainable and more liveable."

“更重要的是，綠色空間增加了生物多樣性，減少了氣候變化的影響，使我們的城市更可持續(xù)，更宜居。”

ISGlobal took part in a systematic review published last year of research involving 8 million people in seven countries that found that urban dwellers who live in close proximity to green space are less likely to die prematurely.

全球衛(wèi)生研究所參與了去年發(fā)表的一項系統(tǒng)性綜述，該綜述對七個國家的800萬人進行了研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)居住在綠地附近的城市居民過早死亡的可能性更小。

It can also improve stress levels and increase opportunity for physical activities, she added.

它還可以改善壓力水平，增加體育活動的機會。

In this latest research, they found that the more green space the bigger the reduction in premature mortality -- they studied three different scenarios in Philadelphia.

在這項最新的研究中，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，綠色空間越多，過早死亡率下降的幅度越大——他們在費城研究了三種不同的情況。

Data on the city's existing canopy was obtained from aerial and satellite imagery, which allowed the researchers to measure the tree coverage by viewing the crown, leaves, branches and stems of trees from above.

城市現(xiàn)有樹冠的數(shù)據(jù)來自航空和衛(wèi)星圖像，這使得研究人員可以通過觀察樹冠、樹葉、樹枝和樹干來測量樹木的覆蓋率。

If the city meets the ambitious 30% goal set by the Philadelphia City Council to increase tree coverage, the study estimated there would be 403 fewer early deaths across the city per year, representing 3% of the mortality rate.

如果這座城市達到了費城市政委員會設(shè)定的增加樹木覆蓋率30%的宏偉目標，研究估計，全市每年早逝的人數(shù)將減少403人，占死亡率的3%。

Even if that goal is missed, their analysis showed that a 5% or 10% increase in tree coverage would result in a reduction of 271 or 376 deaths a year, respectively.

即使這一目標沒有實現(xiàn)，他們的分析表明，樹木覆蓋率增加5%或10%，每年將分別減少271或376人的死亡。

While other types of greenery are thought to have health benefits, the study said trees are thought to be particularly beneficial. The study said tree canopy is more effective than other greeneryat reducing air temperatures, and one study from 2017 found that trees were associated with better health compared with grass.

雖然其他類型的綠色植物被認為對健康有益，但研究稱樹木被認為是特別有益的。該研究稱，在降低氣溫方面，樹冠比其他綠葉植物更有效。2017年的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，與草相比，樹木更健康。

"Achieving this goal does not come without challenges. Large tree planting initiatives are faced with many problems, including losses from climate change, tree pests and invasive species, and urban development," Kondo said.

實現(xiàn)這一目標并非沒有挑戰(zhàn)。大型植樹項目面臨許多問題，包括氣候變化、樹木害蟲和入侵物種的損失，以及城市發(fā)展，”近藤說。

Trees can benefit our health in several different ways, the study said, citing earlier research. At the individual level, green spaces can make it easier to do physical exercise, and soaking up nature can help reduce stress and improve mental well-being. They can also reduce heat island effects that lead to higher temperatures in built-up areas.

這項研究引用早期的研究結(jié)果稱，樹木可以在幾個不同的方面對我們的健康有益。在個人層面，綠色空間可以讓人們更容易地進行體育鍛煉，吸收自然可以幫助減輕壓力，改善心理健康。它們還可以減少導(dǎo)致建筑區(qū)域溫度升高的熱島效應(yīng)。

The authors said that experimental work in Philadelphia had shown that "greening interventions" throughout the city led to improved mental health, reduced crime and gun violence.

作者說，費城的實驗工作表明，在整個城市實施“綠化干預(yù)”有助于改善心理健康，減少犯罪和槍支暴力。