大學(xué)英語精讀第四冊UNIT 9. Journey West

 In 1976, during America's bicetennial celebration, a family decided to travel to the American West instead of joining the majority of people that were celebrating on the East Coast. They wanted to follow the trails that the pioneers had made when they began to settle the West. The family was looking forward to making their own discoveries.

JOURNEY WEST
 
Jim Doherty

    We began our trip out West on June 19, 1976, a time when millions of other American families were preparing to crowd into the Bicentennial shrines of the East. We sized up America's 200th birthday celebration a bit differently. Although the Republic may have been born in the East, it had spent most of its time and energies since then moving west. So we resolved to head in the same direction in 1976, following the old pioneer trails and the famous rivers. Concentrating primarily on Wyoming and Montana, we would explore such legendary mountain ranges as the Big Horns, the Bitterroots and the Swan.
There was one problem though, I was sure our four kids -- educated about the West through the movies -- would be disappointed. As an environmental editor, I knew that strip mining was tearing up many scenic areas and that clear-cutting was causing widespread damage in the mountains. I was well aware that draining and damming were making a mess of many rivers and wetlands. The grasslands were overgrazed and coal-burning power were befouling the air. Wildlife was on the run everywhere and tourists were burning the national parks into slums.
I was prepared for the worst. But how to prepare the kids?
    The answer, we decided, was to undertake our journey not just as tourists on a holiday, but as reporters on the trail of "the real West." So all of us, from my kids to my wife, pledged to do our homework before we left and to record on the way everything we did, saw, hear, felt or thought.
    Predictably, we did not uncover any new truths about the West in three short weeks. But there were plenty of surprises on that 5,200-mile journey and the biggest one was this: I had been wrong. Some of the troubles we saw were every bit as bad as I had dreaded. But by and large, the country was as glorious, as vast and as overwhelmingly spectacular as those know-nothing kids had expected!
    Half the fun of going west is discovering, along the way, how much the past is still with us. Old wives’ tales. Little old farm towns shaded from the summer heat by enormous maple trees on streets. White-haired folks reading the paper on their farmhouse porches at sunset. Worn-out windmills standing alone in pasture… All in all, we did not see much evidence that small-town America is vanishing as we traveled through rural Wisconsin, Minnesota and South Dakota. It's true that many new homes are rising in many old cornfields. But for the most part, life in vast areas of the American heartland remains pretty much the same as it was 30 and 40 years ago.
    In the hilly farmlands of southern Wisconsin and Minnesota, we found the fields and forests green and the creeks still flowing. The farms, with their "eggs for sale" signs and enormous "grandma's gardens" in the front yards, looked prosperous and secure. Not much further north, though, a drought was threatening the land.
    In South Dakota, the situation was far worse. "Haven't seen anything like this since the dirty thirties," one farmer told us. Even in normal times, most of South Dakota is dry. Now it was being burned to a crisp. The water holes were dried up and we saw dead cattle lying here and there on the treeless, rolling range. Some farmers were hauling water out to their thirsty stock daily; others were trying to drill deep wells.
    We saw two distinctly different Wyomings. We crossed the first Wyoming between the Black Hills and the Big Horns. Wide-open grassland, fenced and colorless, with red rocks and sweet-smelling shrubs scattered about, it was typical of a hard-used land. Cattle grazed on it. Oil rigs pumped on it and power lines zigzagged all over it. Freight trains labored across it, hauling coal from strip mine to power plant, hauling uranium and other minerals to refineries. This Wyoming, clearly, was booming.
    The other Wyoming started some miles east of Buffalo, an unexpectedly graceful community in the foothills of the Big Horns. On one side of town, antelope abounded by fours and fives in the hills, and yellow wild flowers lined the roads. On the other side rose the Big Horns and nearly 10,000 feet up, Powder River Pass cut through them.
    The Big Horn canons were incredible, with four and five distinct layers of pine trees somehow clinging to the steep, rocky walls. Far, far below, Ten Sleep Creek was a thin, white torrent on the rampage. In some of the less wild terrain, we saw deer on the high green hillsides and, as we climbed up toward our picnic spot, we flushed two does and two fawns. That night, we fell asleep with the roar of Ten Sleep in our ears.
    We had picked by chance for our stopping place an area rich in western lore. At one time, Ten Sleep -- a small village at the western base of the Big Horns -- lay midway between two great Indian camps. In those days, the Indians measured distances by the number of sleeps and the halfway mark between those two camps was exactly ten sleeps.
    We crossed the Continental Divide for the first time on a cool morning, cutting through the Rockies in northwestern Wyoming at a place called Togwatee Pass (at a height of 9,656 feet). Our van had just leveled off and we were rounding a downhill bend when, all at once, there they were, stretched out before us in a spectacular procession of massive white peaks: the Tetons. My wife gasped and, behind us, the kids began to yell. In truth, it was a startling sight—— a sight none of us will ever forget.
    We had seen mountains before, but we had never experienced anything even remotely like that initial impact of the Tetons. It was exactly what we had in mind when we decided to take our first trip "out West."


New Words

    bicentennial
a.  happening once in 200 years; of a 200th anniversary
n.  200th anniversary

    shrine
n.  a building or place associated with sth. or sb. deeply respected 神殿，圣地

    resolve
vt. make up one's mind (to do sth); decide 決心；決定

    trail
n.  a path across rough country made by the passing  of people or animals 小徑，小道
 
    legendary
a.  of, like or told in a legend 傳奇（似）的

    mountain range
    a row of connected mountains 山脈

    disappointed
a.  sad at not getting what was hoped for 失望的

    environmental
a.  having to do with environment 環(huán)境的

    environment n.

    editor
n.  編輯

    strip mine
n.  a mine which is operated from the surface by removing the overlying layers of earth 露天礦
vt. take (a mineral or ore) from a strip mine 露天開采（礦物）

    scenic
a.  of or having to do with natural scenery 天然風(fēng)景的

    clear-cut
vt. cut all the trees in (a given area or forest) 將……的樹木砍伐光

    drain
vt. carry away the surface water of 排（水等）

    dam
n.  a wall or bank built to keep back water 壩，水閘
vt. build a dam across

    mess
n.  state of confusion, dirt or disorder 混亂、骯臟

    wetland
n.  land or areas containing much soil moisture; swamp 沼澤地

    grassland
n.  land covered with grass, esp. wild open land for cattle to feed on 草地；牧場

    overgraze
vt. allow animals to graze to the point of damaging the grass cover 在……上過度放牧

    power plant
    發(fā)電廠

    befoul
vt. make dirty 弄臟

    wildlife
n.  animals and plants which live ad grow in natural conditions 野生動植物

    tourist
n.  a person making a tour for pleasure 游客

    slum
n.  (often pl.) street, alley, or building in a crowded, run-down, dirty part of a city or town, where the poorest people live 貧民窟

    undertake
vt. take up (a duty, etc.); start on (work) 承擔(dān)；從事

    pledge
vt. make a solemn promise or agreement 發(fā)誓，保證

    predictably
ad. as one may predict

    uncover
vt. remove a cover from; find out, discover 揭開……蓋子；發(fā)現(xiàn)

    know-nothing
a.  ignorant
n.  ignoramus

    shade
vt. shelter from direct light or heat 蔭蔽

    maple
n.  槭樹，楓樹

    folk (AmE folks)
n.  people

    worn-out
a.  used until no longer fit for use; very tired 破舊的；精疲力盡的

    windmill
n.  a mill operated by the action of the wind on sails which revolve 風(fēng)車

    pasture
n. grassland for cattle; grass on such land 牧場；牧草

    rural
a.  of or relating to the country, country people or life, or agriculture 農(nóng)村的

    cornfield
n.  (AmE) 玉米田；(BrE)小麥田，谷物田

    heartland
n.  any area or region that is the center of, or vital to , a country 心臟地帶，中心地帶

    hilly
a.  full of hills

    grandma
n.  (informal) grandmother

    secure
a.  safe; having no doubt, fear, or anxiety 安全的

    drought
n.  a long period of dry weather, when there is not enough water干旱

    crisp
a.  dry; hard; easily broken 脆的；易碎的
n.  something crisp

    rolling
a.  rising and falling in long gentle slopes 綿延起伏的

    haul
vt. pull or drag with force 拖曳

    stock
vt. farm animals, usu. cattle 牲畜

    distinctly
ad. clearly

    graze
v.  feed on growing grass (in) 吃（……的）草

    rig
n.  鉆塔

    pump
vt. force (water, etc.) out by using a pump 泵

    zigzag
vi. go in a zigzag 彎彎曲曲地行走，蜿蜒曲折
n.  a line shaped like a row of z's

    freight
n.  the goods carried from place by water or by land 貨物

    fright train
n.  (AmE) goods train

    uranium
n.  鈾

    refinery
n.  a building and apparatus for refining sth. (metals, oil, or sugar) 精煉廠，提煉廠

    boom
vi. grow rapidly; develop rapidly in population and importance 迅速發(fā)展，興盛

    graceful
a.  (of shape or movement) pleasing to the eye 優(yōu)雅的

    grace  n.

    foothill
n.  a low hill at the foot of a mountain 山麓小丘

    antelope
n.  a deer-like, fast-running animal with thin legs 羚羊

    abound
vi. have or exist in great numbers or quantities （物產(chǎn)）豐富

    canyon
n.  a deep narrow steep-sided valley (usu. with a river flowing through) 峽谷

    distinct
a.  easily seen, heard, understood; plain; clearly different or separate 明顯的；不同的

    pine
n.  松樹；松木

    cling
vi  hold tightly; remain close 緊握著；粘著

    steep
a. rising or falling sharply or at a large angle 陡峭的

    torrent
n.  a violently rushing stream of water 激流

    rampage
n.  excited and violent behavior 橫沖直撞，狂暴行徑

    terrain
n.  a stretch of land, esp. when considered in relation to  its nature 地帶，地形

    hillside
n.  the sloping side of a hill 山腰

    picnic
n.  野餐

    roar
n.  a deep loud sound as of a lion, or thunder, etc. 吼叫，轟鳴

    western
a.  of, in, from, characteristic of the west.

    lore
n.  tradition and knowledge, esp. handed down from past times （口頭）傳說

    midway
a.& ad. in a middle position

    continental
a.  (typical) of a very large mass of land; (AmE) of or in the North American continent 大陸（性）的；北美大陸的

    van
n.  a covered motor-vehicle for carrying goods and sometimes people 客貨兩用車

    level
v.  bring or come into a horizontal plane

    downhill
a.  (sloping or going) towards the bottom of a hill

    stretch
v.  (cause to) become wider or longer; spread out 伸延

    procession
n.  a line of people, vehicles, etc. moving forward in an orderly way 行列，隊伍

    massive
a.  large, heavy  and solid; huge 粗大的，巨大的

    gasp
v.  struggle for breath with open mouth, esp. because of surprise, chock, etc. 喘息
n.   catching of the breath through surprise, pain, etc.

    yell
v.  make a loud sharp cry or shout, as of pain, excitement, etc.; say or shout loudly

    remotely
ad. to a very small degree; far away 很少地，極小地；遙遠(yuǎn)地

    remote  a.

    initial
a.  occurring at the beginning; first 最初的，開始的

    impact
n.  a strong effect; the striking of one thing against another 影響；沖擊


Phrases & Expressions

  size up
  form an opinion or judgment about 估計；品評

  a bit
  to some degree; rather 有點兒，相當(dāng)

  tear up
  destroy completely by tearing 撕毀，毀掉

  make a mess of
  disorder, spoil or ruin 把……弄臟；把……弄糟

  on the run
  running or hurrying from place to place; in flight 奔跑著；奔逃著

  do one's homework
  make necessary preparations before taking part in an important activity 作必要的準(zhǔn)備

  by and large
  on the whole; in general

  all in all
  (informal) on the whole

  here and there
  scattered about; in various places 零星分散，在各處

  burn to a crisp
  burn black or dry 烤焦

  cut through
  穿過，穿透

  cling to
  keep a firm hold on 緊緊抓住

  be/go on the / a rampage
  go about in an excited, mad and violent manner 橫沖直撞

  by chance
  unintentionally; by accident 偶然地；意外地

  at one time
  formerly 從前，曾經(jīng)

  level off/out
  move horizontally (after climbing); remain steady (after a rise) （爬高后）水平移動；（上升后）達(dá)到平穩(wěn)

  stretch out
  extend prolong  延伸，延續(xù)

  in truth
  truly; really 的確

  have in mind
  be considering, intend 考慮，打算

Proper Names

  Wyoming
  懷俄明（美國州名）

  Montana
  蒙大拿（美國州名）

  the Big Horns
  大霍恩山脈（美國山名）

  the Bitterroots
  比特魯特山脈（美國山名）

  the Swan
  斯旺山（美國山名）

  Wisconsin
  威斯康星（美國州名）

  South Dakota
  南達(dá)科地（美國州名）

  the Black Hills
  布萊克山（美國山名）

  Buffalo
  布法羅（美國城市名）

  Powder River
  波德河（美國河流名）

  Ten Sleep Creek
  十眠河（美國河流名）

  the Rockies
  洛磯山脈（美國山名）

  Togwatee Pass
  托格瓦堤關(guān)（美國地名）

  the Tetons
  提騰山脈（美國山名）