圣誕節(jié)英語故事：圣誕老人到底是哪里來的呢？Where Did Santa Claus Come from?
Many western children grow up with the mystical notion of the jolly, old, bearded, fat man who defies physics and plunges down the chimney with a sack full of toys, eats cookies left by the tree and merrily leaves presents.
Chinese people are now familiar with Santa Claus faces and Christmas trees in restaurants and huge, 'twinkly' and impressive Christmas trees in the plazas by Shanghai's Jingan Temple or in front of Beijing's famous Workers' Stadium, but the actual history behind Santa Claus is one that remains relatively unknown here in China and admittedly to many westerners as well.
In the West, Santa Claus is more than just a symbol for many kids. Millions of western children grow up with the idea that there is a man who watches over them the entire year, noting every mischievous deed or unruly tantrum and could at any moment cross their scribbled name off his famous list.
Every child knows severity of this seemingly menial act because Santa's list decides the fate of their stocking content: presents for good behavior, a lump of coal for bad.
In order to assure good rapport with Santa Claus, children take the time to write letters to Santa, some speculate that hundreds of thousands of letters are received every year from 150 countries, to ask for gifts or their hopes.
On the actual evening of Santa's arrival, traditionally, many offer milk and cookies as a possible incentive for Santa to be more gracious.
So where did this idea of a jolly old fat man bringing toys down the chimney originate and how do you explain him to someone unfamiliar?
The idea for the man called Kris Kringle from the German Christkindl, Father Christmas, Saint Nick, or just plain Santa Claus may be a bit difficult to explain to children in China, where chimneys are hardly common and the idea of a fat, white and hairy man dressed in red who flies through the sky in a reindeer sled may seem a bit odd.
The actual history of Santa Claus is truly dizzying and encircles so many cultures and regional folklore and fables that have developed over centuries, beginning in Europe and flourishing into the rosy-cheeked, fat man who comes down the chimney.
What some people don't realize is that the idea of Santa Claus in America evolved from the European tradition a bit and branched in its own direction.
The concept of Santa Claus as some think of him today is a far cry from how he started out. Conflicting histories originate with the idea either of a robed, secret gift giver named Saint Nicholas or the Eastern Roman Empire or Greek persona named Basil of Caesarea. Both were credited as altruistic men who cared for the poor and underprivileged with an unmatched generosity.
Saint Nicholas was a real man who lived during in the 2nd century AD in what is now present day Turkey. He was a wealthy man who was known for his benevolence and later made a saint.
Most famously, conflicting stories of his generosity cycle around a tale of three Italian daughters.
One story goes that a poor man did not have enough money for his daughters' wedding day. The three girls hung up their stockings by the fireplace to dry, and Saint Nicholas deposited golden coins inside the daughters' stocking which they had left drying by the fireplace.
Another story suggests that the coins were either thrown through the window or down the chimney for the girls' dowries and in turn, saved them from slavery.
Every saint is honored on a day in the calendar, and in Holland, Saint Nicholas's, or Sint Nikolaas that eventually shortened to "Sinterklaas," has his specially remembered day on December 5.
He is particularly associated with children and gift giving and wears a long, red cape and a bishop's cap. Germanic folklore combined Saint Nicholas with the Norse god Odin, giving him the characteristic long white beard.
In England, Father Christmas or Sir Christmas was a man characterized by his Christmas cheer and first appeared in pre-renaissance era carols, but unlike Saint Nicholas, he was not associated with gift giving.
Early writings at the beginning of the 16th century describe Father Christmas, also sporting a long beard, with long stockings with a green fur-lined coat. He was believed to live in the ice and snow in the Lapland Province of Finland.
However, it was the Dutch idea of Sinterklaas that was brought to America in the 1700s that many attribute with the image of Santa Claus today.
In America, beginning in the 1700s, the Dutch and British colonials' combined versions of Sinterklaas and Father Christmas created Santa Claus. Over the years, through poetry and literature, Santa gained a considerable amount of weight as well as his famous reindeer and an ability to fly.
The famous poem, "Night before Christmas" by Clement Clarke Moore, as well as stories by other authors like L. Frank Baum and Thomas Nast concreted an image of a Santa with reindeer, elves and a wife at the North Pole.
During the year, the tale specifies that Santa stays at his workshop with his little elves making toys to deliver on Christmas Eve to all the good children of the world.
Needless to say, some hint that it was actually Coca Cola who had the last say in terms of creating the modern Santa. Red and white are Coca cola's famous trademark colors so it may have been through their advertising during the 1930s that finally solidified Santa's garb.
As for Santa's behavior, the omniscient Santa Claus who knows who's "naughty or nice" and punishes misbehavers is actually centuries old, and rooted in the old and oddly morbid Dutch myth of Sinterklaas's little helper who comes down the chimney and takes especially wretched children, puts them in sacks and takes them away.
Santa's famous list of names he can add or cross off comes either with the reward of presents or the less drastic threat of a lump of coal in kids' stockings. This habit is also derived from the Dutch Sinterklaas's helpers who later became what people today call Santa's little elves.
Modern Santa in America can be seen everywhere, from the local mall to Salvation Army charity collection stands and even Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade. People tend to applaud or lament that this is the typical, yet more commercial version that is brought to China.
Some argue that the American Santa in China is a positive symbol of a century old figure who has become a holiday reminder to be generous and give as well as to always be on good behavior, while others perceive it as a sterile, cultural import.
Whether it's a motivator for children to behave or a new integration of western culture, many Chinese, especially children, have warmed to the idea of a round, gift giving American Santa whose cheery disposition and furry red hat has warmed the hearts of the children in China.
One thing is for sure, modern day Christmas with its tree, Santa, hats and all, has met modern day China in the metropolitan cities.
As the song notes, and seeing how Beijing has embraced the Christmas season and added it to its own holiday list, "Santa Claus is definitely coming to town," and from the looks of it, he may be here to stay.
