劍橋雅思第一冊第3課
SECTION 1
M = Male student
F = Female student
C = Clerk
M: How do you come to the university each day? Train or bus or do you have a
car?
F: Oh, I always walk — I haven’t got a car and anyway I live quite close. Example
Repeat
M: Do you know anything about parking rights on the campus? I was wondering
whether students are allowed to park their cars on the campus or not?
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F: Yes, I think it’s possible for post graduate students but not for Q1
undergraduate students.
M: That doesn’t seem very fair.
F: No, I suppose not, but there simply isn’t enough room on the campus for
everyone to park.
M: Do you need a parking permit?
F: Yeah, I believe you do.
M: Where do I get that from?
F: I think you can get a parking sticker from the administration office.
M: Where’s that?
F: It’s in the building called Block G. Right next to Block E. Q2
M: Block G?
F: Yeah.
M: Oh right. And what happens to you if you don’t buy a sticker? Do they
clamp your wheels or give you a fine?
F: No, I think they tow your car away. Q3
M: Oh really?
F: Yeah. And then they fine you as well because you have to pay to get the car Q3
back.
M: I’d better get the sticker then.
F: Yeah.
M: Where exactly is the administration office again? I’m new to this university
and I’m still trying to find my way around.
F: Right. You go along Library Road, past the tennis courts on your left and
the swimming pool on your right and the administration office is opposite
the car park on the left. You can’t miss it.
M: So it’s up Library Road, past the swimming pool, opposite the car park. Q4
Right, I’ll go straight over there. Bye and thanks for the help.
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C: Good morning, can I help you?
M: Yes, I was told to come over here to get a parking sticker. Is this the right
place?
C: Yes, it is. Are you a post graduate student?
M: Yes, I am.
C: OK, well, I’ll just need to take some details ... Your name?
M: Richard Lee — that’s spelt L double E. Q5
C: Richard ... Lee. And the address?
M: Flat 13, 30 Enmore Road Q6
C: How do you spell Enmore?
M: E-N-M-0-R-E. And that’s in the suburb of Newport: N-E-W-P-0-R-T. Q7
C: Faculty?
M: I beg your pardon?
C: Which faculty are you in?
M: Architecture, the Faculty of Architecture. Q8
C: Right ... and the registration number of your car?
M: Let me see um L X J five oh ... No, sorry, I always get that wrong, it’s
LJX 058K. Q9
C: LJX 508K.
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M: No … 058K
C: Ah. And what make is the car?
M: It s a Ford Q10
C: A Ford. Fine! Well, I’ll just get you to sign here and when you’ve paid the
cashier I’ll be able to issue you with the sticker.
M: Right. Where do I pay?
C: Just across the corridor in the cashier’s office. Oh, but it’s 12.30 now and
they close at 12.15 for lunch. But they open again at a quarter past two until Q11
4.30
M: Oh .. they’re not open till quarter past two?
C: No. When you get your sticker, you must attach it to the front windscreen of Q12
your car. I m afraid it’s not valid if you don’t have it stuck on the window.
M: Right, I see. Thanks very much I’ll just wait here then.
SECTION 2
Guide:
Good morning everyone, and welcome to the Maritime Museum.
Now before we commence our tour I’d just like to tell you a little bit about the
history of the museum As you can see, it’s a very modern building built in the
post modern style and it was in fact opened by the Prime Minister of Australia
in November 1991. It’s been designed with a nautical flavour in mind to remind us of Q13
our links with the sea. But the museum isn’t only housed in this building, there are
a number of historic ships docked outside in the harbour which form part of the
museum and which you are also free to visit, and we’ll be coming to them shortly Q14
I’d just like to point out one or two things of general interest while we’re here.
Handicapped toilets are located on this floor and the door shows a wheelchair. Example
The cloakroom where you can hang your coat or leave your bags is just behind us
here. The education centre is on the top floor and there’s a good little library in
there which you might like to use. Follow the signs to the Education Centre —
you’ll see a lot of little green arrows on the wall. The green arrows will take you Q15
there. The information desk, marked with the small letter i on your plan is located
right here in the foyer, so if you get separated from your friends, I suggest you
make your way back to the information desk because we’ll be returning to this Q16
spot at the end of the tour. All right?
Now if you look out this window you should be able to see where the
museum’s ships are docked. If you want to go on a tour of the old ship, the
Vampire, she’s docked over there and you should meet outside on the quay.
However a word of warning! I don’t recommend it for the grandmas and
grandpas because there are lots of stairs to climb. Right, now, let’s move on Q17
Oh, I almost forgot to give you the times for that tour. Now, tours of the Vampire
run on the hour every hour. All right? Q18
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Let’s take a walk round the museum now. The first room we’re coming to is the
theatre. This room is used to screen videos of special interest and we also use it for
lectures. There’s a continuous video showing today about the voyages of Captain
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Practice Test 3
Cook, so come back here later on if you want to learn more about Captain Cook. Q19
Now, we’re moving along the gallery known as the Leisure Gallery. This is one
of our permanent exhibitions and here we try to give you an idea of the many
different ways in which Australians have enjoyed their time by the sea: surfing,
swimming, lifesavmg clubs, that’s all very much a part of Australian culture. At the Q20
end of this section we’ll come to the Picture Gallery where we’ve got a marvellous
collection of paintings all by Australian artists. I think you can buy reproductions Q21
of some of these paintings in the museum shop. Well worth a good look.
Now we’re coming to the Members’ Lounge. As a member of the museum you
would be entitled to use the members’ lounge for refreshments. Membership costs
$50 a year or $70 for all the family. So it’s quite good value because entry to the Q22
museum is then free.
And down at the far end of this floor, you’ll find the section which we’ve called
Passengers and the Sea. In this part of the museum we’ve gathered together a
wonderful collection of souvenirs from the old days when people travelled by ship. Q23
You’ll find all sorts of things there: old suitcases, ships’ crockery, first class cabins
decorated in the fashion of the day. Just imagine what it must have been like to
travel first class.
Now I’m going to leave you to walk round the museum on your own for a while
and we’ll all meet back again at the information desk in three quarters of an
hour’s time. I hope you enjoy your time with us at the museum today. Thank you.
SECTION 3
T = Tutor
M = Mark
S = Susan
T: OK, everybody, good morning! It’s Mark’s turn to talk to us today so
Mark, I’ll ask you to get straight down to business.
M: Right!
T: Now following on from what we were discussing last week in Susan’s tutorial
on approaches to marketing, you were going to give us a quick run down on
a new strategy for pricing which is now being used by many large companies Q24
known as “revenue management” … before we go on to your actual tutorial
paper on Sales Targets. Is that correct?
M: Yeah, OK, well …
T: So what exactly is revenue management?
M: Well, it’s a way of managing your pricing by treating things like airline
tickets and hotel rooms rather more as if they were perishable goods.
S: Yeah, I just tried to book a ticket yesterday for Perth and would you believe
there are three different prices for the flight?
M: Right! And what was the rationale for that?
S: Well … the travel agent said it depended on when you book and the length
of the stay, like it’s cheap if you stay away for a Saturday night, presumably
because this isn’t business travel and even cheaper if you buy a ticket where Q25
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you can’t get a refund if you have to cancel; in that case the ticket costs
about half the price. You wouldn’t think it would make that much
difference, would you?
M: Well it does, and that’s basically because the airlines are now treating their
seats like a commodity. You see — if you want a seat today, then you pay far
more for it than if you want it in three weeks’ time.
S: That seems rather unfair.
M: Well … not really … when you think about it, that’s just common sense isn t Q26
if?
S: I suppose so.
T: What this actually means is that in the same row of seats on the same flight
you could have three people who have all paid a different price for their
tickets.
S: And is this just happening in Australia?
M: No, no it’s the same all over the world. Airlines are able to “market” a seat as
a perishable product, with different values at different stages of its life.
S: Well like mangoes or apples at the market.
M: Yeah, it’s exactly like that. The fact is that the companies are not actually
interested in selling you a cheap flight! They’re interested in selling the seats Q27
and flying aeroplanes that are full.
T: Mark why do you think revenue management has come about?
M: Well, as far as I can see there are two basic reasons: firstly because the law
has been changed to allow the companies to do this. You see in the past they Q28
didn’t have the right to keep changing the prices of the tickets, and secondly
we now have very powerful computer programs to do the calculations and so Q29
the prices can be changed at a moment’s notice.
S: So you mean ten minutes could be critical when you’re buying a plane ticket?
M: Absolutely!
T: That’s right!
M: And I understand we have almost reached the stage where these computer
programs that the airlines are using will eventually be available to consumers
to find the best deals for their travel plans from their home computer Q30
S: Heavens! What a thought! So the travel agent could easily become a thing of
the past if you could book your airline tickets from home. Are there any
other industries using this system, or is it restricted to the airline business?
M: Many of the big hotel groups are doing it now. That’s why the price of a bed Q31
in a hotel can also vary so much … depending on when and where you book
it
T: It’s all a bit of a gamble really.
M: Yes, and hire car companies are also using revenue management to set their Q32
tariffs, because they are also dealing with a “commodity” if you like … so the
cost of hiring a car will depend on demand.
T: Well, thank you, Mark, for that overview … that was well researched. Now
let’s get on with your main topic for today…
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Practice Test 3
SECTION 4
Marketing Consultant:
Good morning. Welcome to this talk on Space Management. And today I’m going
to look particularly at space management in the supermarket.
Now since the time supermarkets began, marketing consultants, like us, have
been gathering information about customers’ shopping habits.
To date, various research methods have been used to help promote the sales of
supermarket products. There is, for example, the simple and direct questionnaire Examph
which provides information from customers about their views on displays and Q33
products and then helps retailers make decisions about what to put where.
Another method to help managers understand just how shoppers go around
their stores are the hidden television cameras that film us as we shop and monitor Q34
our physical movement around the supermarket aisles: where do we start, what do
we buy last, what attracts us, etc.
More sophisticated techniques now include video surveillance and such devices
as the eye movement recorder. This is a device which shoppers volunteer to wear Q35
taped into a headband, and which traces their eye movements as they walk round
the shop recording the most eye-catching areas of shelves and aisles.
But with today’s technology. Space Management is now a highly sophisticated
method of manipulating the way we shop to ensure maximum profit. Supermarkets
are able to invest millions of pounds in powerful computers which tell them what
sells best and where.
Now, an example of this is Spaceman which is a computer program that helps Q36
the retailer to decide which particular product sells best in which part of the store.
Now Spaceman works by receiving information from the electronic checkouts
(where customers pay) on how well a product is selling in a particular position.
Spaceman then suggests the most profitable combination of an article and its Q37
position in the store.
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So, let’s have a look at what we know about supermarkets and the way people
behave when they walk down the aisles and take the articles they think they need
from the shelves.
Now here’s a diagram of one supermarket aisle and two rows of shelves. Here’s
the entrance at the top left-hand corner.
Now products placed here, at the beginning of aisles, don’t sell well. In tests,
secret fixed cameras have filmed shoppers’ movements around a store over a seven-day
period. When the film is speeded up, it clearly shows that we walk straight past Q38
these areas on our way to the centre of an aisle. Items placed here just don’t
attract people.
When we finally stop at the centre of an aisle, we pause and take stock, casting
our eyes along the length of it. Now products displayed here sell well and do even
better if they are placed at eye level so that the customer’s eyes hit upon them Q39
instantly. Products here are snapped up and manufacturers pay a lot for these
shelf areas which are known in the trade as hotspots. Naturally everyone wants Q40
their products to be in a hotspot.
But the prime positions in the store are the ends of the aisles, otherwise known
as Gondola ends. Now these stand out and grab our attention. For this reason new
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products are launched in these positions and manufacturers are charged widely
varying prices for this privileged spot. Also, the end of an aisle may be used for
promoting special offers which are frequently found waiting for us as we turn the Q41
corner of an aisle.
Well, now, eventually of course, we have to pay. Any spot where a supermarket
can be sure we are going to stand still and concentrate for more than a few
seconds is good for sales. That’s why the shelves at the checkout have long been a
favourite for manufacturers of chocolates — perhaps the most sure-fire “impulse” Q42
food of all.
