英語六級(jí)考試——寫作真題選析之對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)型

一、對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)型

(一)題型描述

　　 此類作文一般為三點(diǎn)提綱(個(gè)別為兩點(diǎn)提綱),分別要求陳述對(duì)某一個(gè)有爭(zhēng)議的話題的正面觀點(diǎn)和(或)反面觀點(diǎn)及作者自己的觀點(diǎn)。屬于這一類的真題包括2011年6月、2010年12月、2009年12月、2009年6月、2008年6月、2007年6月、2000年6月、1999年6月、1998年6月、1997年6月、1996年1月、1995年6月和1993年6月的真題。

　　 雖然2011年12月至2013年12月沒有考查這一題型,但作為雅思、托福、GRE等考試的寫作主要題型之一以及六級(jí)歷史上考查頻率最高的題型,絕對(duì)不會(huì)退出六級(jí)寫作考試的舞臺(tái),必須防范。

(二)真題示例

　　 2009年6月真題

　　 Directions:For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On the Importance of a Name.You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.

　　 1.有人說名字(或名稱)很重要

　　 2.也有人覺得名字(或名稱)無關(guān)緊要

　　 3.我認(rèn)為……

(三)整體構(gòu)思

　　 2009年6月真題的提綱已經(jīng)有非常明確的三點(diǎn),可以按順序?qū)懗扇?也可以先寫一段引言,共寫成四段,即:

　　 · 引言段

　　 · 正面觀點(diǎn)

　　 · 反面觀點(diǎn)

　　 ·我的觀點(diǎn)

(四)分段寫作

　　 第一段

　　 第一段的功能是引出話題,并綜述一下人們有不同觀點(diǎn)。這樣既能增加文章詞數(shù),減輕后面段落的負(fù)擔(dān),又能使文章行文自然,不至于使讀者感到太突兀。

　　 第二段

　　 本段寫正面觀點(diǎn)和論據(jù)。按照前文所述,英語段落往往采取先總后分或先觀點(diǎn)后例證的寫法,而且這樣寫便于閱卷人在短時(shí)間內(nèi)確信考生寫到了規(guī)定要點(diǎn),因此可以直接將第一點(diǎn)提綱翻譯出來,作為段落的開頭句,后面分開陳述論據(jù)。

　　 第三段

　　 寫反面的觀點(diǎn)和論據(jù)。同樣采用先觀點(diǎn)后論據(jù)的寫法。

　　 第四段

　　 自己的觀點(diǎn)可以有多種寫法,要么完全贊成,要么完全反對(duì),要么采取折中立場(chǎng)。如果完全贊成或反對(duì),在闡述論據(jù)時(shí)可以補(bǔ)充前兩段所未提及的論據(jù),如:Personally,I am inclined to agree with the former/latter.Apart from the reasons listed above,I believe that...。也可以對(duì)已提過的原因進(jìn)行重復(fù)或強(qiáng)化,并且可以對(duì)反方的論據(jù)進(jìn)行駁斥。如果確實(shí)認(rèn)為正反雙方觀點(diǎn)都有一定正確性,則可以采取折中的立場(chǎng)。

(五)高分模板

　　 其實(shí),通過這篇文章的寫作可以總結(jié)出大部分“對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)型”作文的模板,即下文中畫線的部分:

　　 On the Importance of a Name

　　 There is no denying the fact that it is a controversial topic whether names are important or not.People's opinions differ considerably on this issue.

　　 Some hold the positive view.They claim that a good name,or a name that can be easily remembered,can bring one a lot more opportunities than others.Some Chinese may also believe that a name designed according to the traditional theory of five elements can bring good luck.

　　 Others,however,hold the opposite view.They argue that a name is nothing but a code to distinguish one from another.A person with a “good” name may not be as successful as the name indicates.In the same way,a person who has a common or casually given name can also achieve tremendous success.

　　 Personally,I am inclined to agree with the latter point of view.Names are of little importance for a person's success or happiness.We can think of a number of people who have “good” names turning out to be bad guys or losers in both history and reality.On the contrary,one can also easily come up with instances of many great men who have ordinary names.Anyway,a person's success mainly depends on his hard work and desirable personalities.

　　 或:Personally,I believe that both sides have something right,so we should not go to extremes.On the one hand,we have to admit that a well designed name can help a person to some extent.On the other hand,we should not exaggerate the effect of a name on a person's fate.Anyway,a person's success mainly depends on his hard work and desirable personalities.

　　 譯文

　　 論名字的重要性

　　 無可否認(rèn),名字是否重要是個(gè)有爭(zhēng)議的話題。在這個(gè)問題上人們的意見差別很大。

　　 一些人持正面看法。他們說,好的名字,或是很容易被記住的名字,可以給一個(gè)人帶來比別人多得多的機(jī)會(huì)。一些中國人還可能認(rèn)為,按照傳統(tǒng)的五行理論起的名字可以帶來好運(yùn)。

　　 另一些人則持相反的看法。他們說名字只是一個(gè)區(qū)分彼此的代號(hào)。 一個(gè)有“好”名字的人不一定像名字所暗示的那么成功。同樣道理,名字一般或者隨隨便便起名字的人也可以取得很大的成功。

　　 就個(gè)人而言,我傾向于贊同后者的觀點(diǎn)。名字對(duì)一個(gè)人的成功或幸福來說沒有太大的重要性。我們可以想到很多人,他們的名字很“好”但最后卻成了壞人或失敗者。相反,我們也可以很容易想到很多偉人名字很普通的例子。不管怎么說,一個(gè)人的成功主要取決于工作努力和好的個(gè)性。

　　 或:就個(gè)人而言,我認(rèn)為雙方都有一定道理,我們不應(yīng)該走極端。一方面,我們必須承認(rèn),設(shè)計(jì)得好的名字可以在一定程度上幫助一個(gè)人。另一方面,我們也不應(yīng)夸大名字對(duì)人的命運(yùn)的影響。不管怎么說,一個(gè)人的成功主要取決于工作努力和好的個(gè)性。

(六)學(xué)以致用

　　 套用上面這一模板就可以輕松地寫出更多與這篇真題作文相似的文章,如:

　　 2010年12月真題

　　 Directions:For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled My View on University Ranking.You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.

　　 1.目前高校排名相當(dāng)盛行

　　 2.對(duì)這種做法人們看法不一

　　 3.我認(rèn)為……

　　 范文

　　 My View on University Ranking

　　 There is no denying the fact that it is a controversial topic whether it is a good thing for some individuals or organizations to rank universities.People's opinions differ considerably on this issue.

　　 Some hold the positive view.They claim that ranking universities can help high school graduates make a sound choice when enrolling in a university or college.Besides,this practice can help promote the level of higher education as a whole in that many universities will exert efforts to elevate their position.

　　 Others,however,hold the opposite view.They argue that the result of ranking is not always credible,for many individuals or institutions do it merely for the purpose of collecting money.Furthermore,some universities overemphasize the result of ranking and waste large amounts of resources.

　　 Personally,I believe that both sides have something right,so we should not go to extremes.On the one hand,it must be admitted that ranking is an effective means to encourage universities or colleges to compete with one another and improve their work.On the other hand,it should not be conducted or used in the wrong way.

　　 譯文

　　 我對(duì)高校排名的看法

　　 不可否認(rèn),“個(gè)人或機(jī)構(gòu)給大學(xué)排名是不是好事”是一個(gè)有爭(zhēng)議的話題。在這個(gè)問題上人們的意見有明顯的分歧。

　　 一些人持正面看法。他們說給高校排名可以幫助高中生在報(bào)考大學(xué)時(shí)作出合理的選擇。另外,這一做法有助于提高高等教育的整體水平,因?yàn)楹芏啻髮W(xué)會(huì)努力提升它們的名次。

　　 另一些人則持相反的看法。他們認(rèn)為,排名的結(jié)果并不總是可信的,因?yàn)楹芏鄠€(gè)人和機(jī)構(gòu)排名的目的僅僅是斂財(cái)。而且,一些大學(xué)過于強(qiáng)調(diào)排名的結(jié)果,故而浪費(fèi)了大量的資源。

　　 就個(gè)人而言,我認(rèn)為,雙方都有一定道理,我們不應(yīng)該走極端。一方面,必須承認(rèn),排名是一種鼓勵(lì)大學(xué)之間彼此競(jìng)爭(zhēng)、改善工作的有效方式。另一方面,不應(yīng)該以錯(cuò)誤的方式來進(jìn)行和利用排名。

(七)模板變臉

　　 其實(shí),好的寫法絕不止一種,我們也可以總結(jié)出“對(duì)立觀點(diǎn)型”作文的其他模板,如下面文章中畫線的部分:

　　 On the Importance of a Name

　　 The past years have witnessed a phenomenon that an increasing number of Chinese spend a lot of time and money in getting a good name for their child or company.Opinions on this issue vary from person to person.

　　 Some harbor the favorable attitude.They assert that a good name,or a name that can be easily remembered,can bring one a lot more opportunities than others.Some Chinese may also contend that a name designed according to the traditional theory of five elements can bring good luck.

　　 Others,however,think differently.They hold that a name is nothing but a code to distinguish one from another.A person with a “good” name may not be as successful as the name indicates.Similarly,a person who has a common or casually given name can also achieve tremendous success.

　　 As far as I am concerned,I side with the second group of people.Names are of little importance for a person's success or happiness.We can think of a number of people who have “good” names turning out to be bad guys or losers in both history and reality.Conversely,one can also easily come up with instances of many great men who have ordinary names.Anyway,a person's success mainly depends on his hard work and desirable personalities.

　　 或:As far as I am concerned,I maintain that both views are justifiable to a certain extent,so we should achieve a balance between them.On the one hand,we should admit that a well designed name can help a person to some extent;on the other hand,we should not exaggerate the effect of a name on a person's fate.Anyway,a person's success mainly depends on his hard work and desirable personalities.

　　 譯文

　　 論名字的重要性

　　 過去幾年有一個(gè)現(xiàn)象,即越來越多的國人花費(fèi)很多時(shí)間和金錢為自己的孩子或公司取一個(gè)好名字。對(duì)這個(gè)問題的看法因人而異。

　　 一些人持贊成態(tài)度。他們說,好的名字,或是很容易被記住的名字,可以給人帶來比別人多得多的機(jī)會(huì)。一些中國人還可能認(rèn)為,按照傳統(tǒng)的五行理論起的名字可以帶來好運(yùn)。

　　 另一些人則持不同看法。他們說名字只是一個(gè)區(qū)分彼此的代號(hào)。 一個(gè)人的名字“好”不一定像名字所暗示的那么成功。同樣道理,名字一般或者隨隨便便起名字的人也可以取得很大的成功。

　　 就我而言,我贊同后一種人的看法。名字對(duì)一個(gè)人的成功或幸福來說沒有太大的重要性。我們可以想到很多名字很“好”但最后卻成了壞人或失敗者的人。相反,我們也可以很容易想到很多偉人名字很普通的例子。不管怎么說,一個(gè)人的成功主要取決于工作努力和好的個(gè)性。

　　 或:就我而言,我認(rèn)為,雙方觀點(diǎn)都有一定道理,我們應(yīng)該在二者之間做好平衡。一方面,我們必須承認(rèn),設(shè)計(jì)的好的名字可以在一定程度上幫助一個(gè)人。另一方面,我們也不應(yīng)夸大名字對(duì)人的命運(yùn)的影響。不管怎么說,一個(gè)人的成功主要取決于工作努力和好的個(gè)性。

(八)變臉應(yīng)用

　　 2009年12月真題

　　 Directions:For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Should Parents Send Their Kids to Art Classes?You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.

　　 1.現(xiàn)在有不少家長送孩子參加各種藝術(shù)班

　　 2.對(duì)這種做法有人表示支持,也有人并不贊成

　　 3.我認(rèn)為……

　　 范文

　　 Should Parents Send Their Kids to Art Classes?

　　 The past years have witnessed a phenomenon that an increasing number of parents send their children to art training classes of all kinds.Opinions on this issue vary from person to person.

　　 Some harbor the favorable attitude.They assert that attending art classes can help nurture children's interest or tap their potentials in art.This,they believe,will contribute to a child's comprehensive development.Besides,they contend that mastering artistic skills of one art or two can add to a child's edge of competition in the modern world.

　　 Others,however,think differently.They hold that not all children are interested or talented in art,and a child may not be fond of all forms of art.Forcing them to go to art classes may only restrict their freedom and affect their healthy growth.

　　 As far as I am concerned,I maintain that both views are justifiable to a certain extent,so we should achieve a balance between them.On the one hand,it must be admitted that going to art classes is an effective means to find out children's talent in art and it is conducive to their sound development.On the other hand,parents should not deprive their children of the freedom to choose to learn what they truly like.Remember,the fittest is the best.

　　 譯文

　　 父母該不該送孩子去藝術(shù)班?

　　 過去幾年有一種現(xiàn)象,即越來越多的父母送孩子去各種藝術(shù)培訓(xùn)班。對(duì)這個(gè)問題的看法因人而異。

　　 一些人持贊成態(tài)度。他們說,參加藝術(shù)班有助于培養(yǎng)孩子的藝術(shù)興趣,開發(fā)孩子的藝術(shù)潛能。他們認(rèn)為,這將有利于孩子全面發(fā)展。另外,他們還說,掌握一兩門藝術(shù)技能可以增加孩子在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。

　　 另一些人則持不同看法。他們說并非所有孩子都對(duì)藝術(shù)感興趣或有藝術(shù)天賦,而且一個(gè)孩子不見得對(duì)各種藝術(shù)形式都感興趣。強(qiáng)迫他們?nèi)ド纤囆g(shù)班只能限制他們的自由,影響他們的健康成長。

　　 就我而言,我認(rèn)為,雙方觀點(diǎn)都有一定道理,我們應(yīng)該在二者之間做好平衡。一方面,我們必須承認(rèn),上藝術(shù)班是一種發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子藝術(shù)才能的有效方法,也有利于他們的健康發(fā)展。另一方面,父母也不應(yīng)該剝奪孩子學(xué)習(xí)自己真正喜歡的東西的自由。記住,最適合的才是最好的。