(一)題型描述
應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作是四、六級(jí)教學(xué)大綱的要求,具體包括書(shū)信、通知、便條、簡(jiǎn)歷等的寫(xiě)作。但考慮到詞數(shù)和主觀發(fā)揮余地等因素,在六級(jí)考試中具備可考性的只有書(shū)信。因此下面主要講解書(shū)信的寫(xiě)作。
書(shū)信既有實(shí)用性,又比較利于考生發(fā)揮。六級(jí)考到書(shū)信的年份有2005年12月、2005年1月、2004年6月、2002年1月和2001年6月。
從寫(xiě)信的對(duì)象和信的正式程度來(lái)看,書(shū)信又可以分為私人書(shū)信和公務(wù)書(shū)信。私人書(shū)信的對(duì)象一般是關(guān)系較親密、熟悉的人,溝通的內(nèi)容也比較輕松、簡(jiǎn)單,如2001年6月的真題。公務(wù)書(shū)信的寫(xiě)信對(duì)象一般比較陌生,而且溝通的內(nèi)容也比較嚴(yán)肅,如2005年12月、2005年1月、2004年6月和2002年1月的真題。而且根據(jù)寫(xiě)信的目的,公務(wù)書(shū)信又可以分為申請(qǐng)信、邀請(qǐng)信、求職信、道歉信、感謝信、表?yè)P(yáng)信和投訴信等等。
(二)真題示例
私人書(shū)信:
2001年6月
Directions:For this part,you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter.Suppose you are Zhang Ying.Write a letter to Xiao Wang,a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during a weeklong holiday.You should write at least 120 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese.
1.表示歡迎。
2.提出對(duì)度假安排的建議。
3.提醒應(yīng)注意的事項(xiàng)。
公務(wù)書(shū)信:
2002年1月
Directions:For this part,you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic:A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus.You should write at least 120 words,and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:
假設(shè)你是李明,請(qǐng)你就本校食堂的狀況給校長(zhǎng)寫(xiě)一封信,內(nèi)容應(yīng)涉及食堂的飯菜質(zhì)量、價(jià)格、環(huán)境、服務(wù)等,可以是表?yè)P(yáng),可以是批評(píng)建議,也可以兼而有之。
(三)整體構(gòu)思
從考過(guò)的這些真題來(lái)看,書(shū)信題一般都會(huì)給出明確的三點(diǎn)提綱,而且一般來(lái)說(shuō)按照提綱寫(xiě)成三段正文即可。只不過(guò)需要注意一下格式。除了正文以外,書(shū)信一般包括以下三點(diǎn):
·時(shí)間
·稱(chēng)呼
·落款
時(shí)間一般寫(xiě)在右上角,用考試當(dāng)天的時(shí)間即可,如June 17,2014。
稱(chēng)呼根據(jù)私人書(shū)信和公務(wù)書(shū)信而有所不同。私人書(shū)信一般用Dear 加上對(duì)方的姓名即可,如Dear Xiao Wang;公務(wù)書(shū)信一般不知道對(duì)方的姓名,而且即使知道姓名也不宜直呼其名,因此一般用Dear 加上其職務(wù)名,如給校長(zhǎng)寫(xiě)信稱(chēng)呼為Dear Mr.President,給編輯寫(xiě)信稱(chēng)呼為Dear Mr./Miss Editor,如果對(duì)對(duì)方一無(wú)所知?jiǎng)t稱(chēng)其為Dear Sir/Madam。
落款一般為Yours...加姓名。私人書(shū)信的Yours...部分一般用Yours truly或Yours即可,關(guān)系十分親密的,如家庭成員之間、戀人之間等也可以用love。公務(wù)書(shū)信一般用Yours sincerely,特別體現(xiàn)尊敬可以用Yours respectfully。Yours和后面所跟的單詞順序也可以顛倒。
另外,特別要注意的是,由于眾所周知的原因,寫(xiě)信人的姓名一般會(huì)在Directions中給出,因此不要寫(xiě)自己的真名。
除此之外,在落款之前也常常有一些固定的客套話作為結(jié)尾,如Best wishes(私人書(shū)信)或Best regards(公務(wù)書(shū)信)。
但除此之外,書(shū)信就沒(méi)有什么固定的語(yǔ)句了,只要做到字跡清楚、段落明朗、內(nèi)容完整、緊扣提綱、語(yǔ)法正確、語(yǔ)言閃光、篇幅夠長(zhǎng),都可以得高分。只是有時(shí)候題目可能未明確給出三點(diǎn)提綱,需要考生自己有分段的意識(shí)。一般來(lái)說(shuō)可以按以下三點(diǎn)來(lái)分段:
·簡(jiǎn)要說(shuō)明寫(xiě)信的事由
·說(shuō)明寫(xiě)信的具體理由
·再次申明寫(xiě)信的目的
(四)分段寫(xiě)作
書(shū)信的分段寫(xiě)作并無(wú)固定的模式,只需注意用詞的靈活、閃光,句式的多樣,并且要通過(guò)平時(shí)練習(xí)擴(kuò)展思路?，F(xiàn)在我們總結(jié)出一些公務(wù)書(shū)信常用的句型,給大家作為參考。
開(kāi)頭
I am...and I am writing to(you about)...
我是……,我給你(們)寫(xiě)信是關(guān)于……
如:
1.I am a student from Tsinghua University and I am writing to you about my experience of buying a dictionary and my complaint about the service of a bookstore.
我是一名來(lái)自清華大學(xué)的學(xué)生,我給你們寫(xiě)信是反映我買(mǎi)字典的一次經(jīng)歷以及我對(duì)一家書(shū)店服務(wù)的投訴。
2.I am a sophomore from the Department of Computer Science and I am writing to you about the food and service in the canteen on campus.
我是一名來(lái)自計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)系的大二學(xué)生,我給您寫(xiě)信是反映校園食堂的飯菜和服務(wù)情況的。
3.I am Li Ming,dean of the History Department,Peking University,and I am writing to invite you to participate in an international convention that is to be held in Beijing.
我是北京大學(xué)歷史系主任李明,寫(xiě)信邀請(qǐng)您參加將在北京舉行的一個(gè)國(guó)際會(huì)議。
4.I am a student from Tsinghua University and I'm writing to extend my heartfelt thanks to all the nurses and doctors in your hospital.
我是一名來(lái)自清華大學(xué)的學(xué)生,我寫(xiě)信是想表達(dá)我對(duì)貴醫(yī)院所有醫(yī)護(hù)人員的衷心感謝。
結(jié)尾
投訴信:
1.I hope that this letter can draw your attention and the problem mentioned above can be solved as soon as possible.
我希望這封信能夠引起您的注意,并希望上述問(wèn)題可以盡快得到解決。
2.I strongly suggest that a repairman should be sent to my home without delay.I wonder if you could find out the exact cause of the problem as soon as possible.If you can't,I am afraid that I will request for full amount of refund.
我強(qiáng)烈建議立即派一名維修人員到我家來(lái)。我不知道你們能否盡快找出問(wèn)題的確切原因。如果不能,恐怕我會(huì)要求全額退款。
邀請(qǐng)信:
1.Please let me know your date of arrival if you can come.If you have any questions,please don't hesitate to contact me.Look forward to your reply.
如果您能來(lái),請(qǐng)告知我您的抵達(dá)日期。如果您有任何問(wèn)題,請(qǐng)盡管與我聯(lián)系。期待您的答復(fù)。
2.I shall be much obliged if you could do us the favor by being present at the conference.
如果您能光臨會(huì)議,我將感激不盡。
感謝信:
1.Please allow me to convey again my sincere greetings toward...
請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我再次向……表達(dá)我誠(chéng)摯的問(wèn)候。
2.Nothing can express my gratitude except my best wishes to...
除了我對(duì)……最美好的祝愿,沒(méi)有什么能表達(dá)我的感謝。
3.If you have anything that needs my help,please don't hesitate to contact me.
如果您有什么事需要我的幫助,請(qǐng)盡管與我聯(lián)系。
道歉信:
1.In order to make up for my absence/mistake,I would...
為了彌補(bǔ)我的缺席/錯(cuò)誤,我會(huì)……
2.My sincere apologies again.
再次表達(dá)我真誠(chéng)的歉意。
(五)高分模板
如果說(shuō)書(shū)信有高分模板,投訴信和求職信可以算得上能總結(jié)得比較多的了。
1.投訴信(2002年1月真題)
范文
January 12th,2002
Dear Mr.President,
I am a sophomore from this university and I am writing to you about my experience of dining in a canteen on campus and my complaint about its service.
It was about a month ago.I went to Student Canteen No.2 to have lunch.It was only after I finished the lunch and went to buy some drinks that I found a lot of money on my card was missing.Obviously,the previous staff made a mistake in operation and deducted too much money from my account.But when I went back to the canteen to tell them about the matter,they said that I should have checked the balance before I left the counter.According to them,it was my fault and they held no responsibility for the whole matter.
What I want to say is that sincerity and enthusiasm are vital to the service sector of a university.It was quite easy for them to check the transaction record and make a correction but they refused to do so.They will lose all customers if they persist in doing so.I hope that this letter can draw the attention of the whole university and that the problem can be solved as soon as possible.
Best regards.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
譯文
2002年1月12日
親愛(ài)的校長(zhǎng)先生:
我是本校一名大二的學(xué)生,我給您寫(xiě)信是反映我在校園某食堂就餐的經(jīng)歷以及對(duì)其服務(wù)的投訴。
大約一個(gè)月前,我去學(xué)生第二食堂吃午飯。當(dāng)我吃完午飯去買(mǎi)飲料時(shí)才發(fā)現(xiàn)我卡里的很多錢(qián)不翼而飛。顯然,此前的服務(wù)人員操作有誤,從我的賬戶(hù)中多扣除了許多錢(qián)。但是,當(dāng)我回到食堂告訴他們此事時(shí),他們說(shuō)我應(yīng)該在離開(kāi)柜臺(tái)之前檢查好余額。按他們的說(shuō)法,這是我的錯(cuò),他們對(duì)整件事情沒(méi)有責(zé)任。
我想說(shuō)的是,誠(chéng)意和熱情對(duì)一所大學(xué)的服務(wù)部門(mén)來(lái)說(shuō)是至關(guān)重要的。他們檢查一下交易記錄、更正一下是很容易的,但他們拒絕這樣做。如果他們堅(jiān)持這樣,他們將失去所有的客戶(hù)。我希望這封信能引起整個(gè)學(xué)校的關(guān)注,并且希望這一問(wèn)題可以盡快解決。
最真摯的問(wèn)候。
此致
敬禮
李明
2.求職信(模擬題)
Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter of application for a job.You should write at least 150 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:
假定你是李明,是北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)(Beijing Foreign Studies University)一名英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)的學(xué)生。你在China Daily上看到一則招聘廣告:Microsoft China要招聘口譯員。你認(rèn)為自己符合條件,請(qǐng)寫(xiě)一封申請(qǐng)信。
范文
June 17th,2014
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am responding to your advertisement in China Daily on June 10th,2014,which invites applications for interpreters.Enclosed with this letter is my resume which details my background.
I believe that I am the best candidate for this position.In the first place,I have been studying English for four years in Beijing Foreign Studies University,one of the most prestigious language schools in China,which has provided me with a desirable command of English skills.In the second place,I have taken part in a number of social activities in the past years,which have helped cultivate my team spirit and creativity.Besides,I have attended training courses for interpretation and have obtained related certificates.Last but not least,I have worked as a part?time interpreter,so I am well prepared for this job.
I would treasure the chance and exert every effort to do a good job if I had the luck to be provided with the position.Moreover,I shall be much obliged if you will afford me an opportunity for an interview,and I appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience.
Thank you for considering this application.
Best regards.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
譯文
2014年6月17日
尊敬的先生/女士:
我是看了2014年6月10日貴公司在《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》上招聘口譯員的廣告才給您寫(xiě)這封信的。隨信附上我的簡(jiǎn)歷,詳細(xì)列明我的背景。
我相信我是這個(gè)職位的最佳人選。首先,我在中國(guó)最負(fù)盛名的語(yǔ)言學(xué)校之一——北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了四年英語(yǔ),這使我很好地掌握了英語(yǔ)技能。其次,在過(guò)去幾年中我參加了很多社會(huì)活動(dòng),這有助于培養(yǎng)我的團(tuán)隊(duì)精神和創(chuàng)造力。此外,我還參加了口譯培訓(xùn)課程,并獲得了相關(guān)證書(shū)。最后但同樣重要的是,我做過(guò)兼職口譯員,所以對(duì)于這份工作我做好了充分的準(zhǔn)備。
如果我有幸能得到這個(gè)職位,我會(huì)珍惜這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì),盡一切努力做好我的工作。此外,如果您愿意給我提供面試的機(jī)會(huì),我將非常感激。感謝您在您方便時(shí)盡早回應(yīng)。
感謝您考慮我的申請(qǐng)。
最誠(chéng)摯的問(wèn)候。
此致
敬禮
李明
(六)學(xué)以致用
套用上面這兩個(gè)模板就可以輕松地寫(xiě)出更多同類(lèi)題目,如:
1.投訴信(2004年6月真題)
Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to the editor of a newspaper complaining about the poor service of a bookstore.You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:
設(shè)想你買(mǎi)了一本英文字典,發(fā)現(xiàn)有這樣那樣的質(zhì)量問(wèn)題,書(shū)店的服務(wù)態(tài)度又不好,因此給報(bào)社編輯寫(xiě)信。信中必須包含以下內(nèi)容:
1.事情的起因。
2.與書(shū)店交涉的經(jīng)過(guò)。
3.呼吁服務(wù)行業(yè)必須提高服務(wù)質(zhì)量。
范文
June 20th,2014
Dear Mr./Ms.Editor,
I am a student from Tsinghua University and I am writing to you about my experience of buying a dictionary and my complaint about the service of a bookstore.
It was about a month ago.I went to a bookstore nearby the university to buy an English dictionary.It was only after I paid for the dictionary and returned to school that I found some pages were missing.But when I went back to the bookstore to tell them about the matter,they said that I should have checked the dictionary before I left the store.According to them,it was my fault and they hold no responsibility for the whole matter.
What I want to say is that sincerity and enthusiasm are vital to the survival of service industries in the market economy featured by fierce competition.It was quite easy for them to change the dictionary for me but they refused to do so.They will lose all customers if they persist in doing so.I hope that this letter can draw the attention of the whole society and that the problem can be solved as soon as possible.
Best regards.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
譯文
2014年6月20日
親愛(ài)的編輯先生/女士:
我是一名清華大學(xué)的學(xué)生,我給您寫(xiě)信是反映我購(gòu)買(mǎi)字典的一次經(jīng)歷并對(duì)一個(gè)書(shū)店的服務(wù)投訴。
大約一個(gè)月前,我去學(xué)校附近的一家書(shū)店購(gòu)買(mǎi)一本英文字典。我付完款回到學(xué)校時(shí)才發(fā)現(xiàn)字典里少了一些頁(yè)。但是,當(dāng)我回到書(shū)店告訴他們此事時(shí),他們說(shuō)我應(yīng)該在離開(kāi)書(shū)店之前檢查好字典。按他們的說(shuō)法,這是我的錯(cuò),他們對(duì)整件事情沒(méi)有責(zé)任。
我想說(shuō)的是,在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)中,誠(chéng)意和熱情對(duì)服務(wù)行業(yè)的生存來(lái)說(shuō)是至關(guān)重要的。他們給我換一本字典是很容易的事,但他們拒絕這樣做。如果他們堅(jiān)持這樣,他們將失去所有的顧客。我希望這封信能引起全社會(huì)的關(guān)注,也希望這一問(wèn)題可以盡快得到解決。
最誠(chéng)摯的問(wèn)候。
此致
敬禮
李明
2.求職信(模擬題)
Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter of application for a job.You should write at least 150 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:
假定你是李明,是北京大學(xué)(Peking University)一名計(jì)算機(jī)專(zhuān)業(yè)的學(xué)生。你在China Daily上看到一則招聘廣告:Microsoft China要招聘軟件工程師。你認(rèn)為自己符合條件,請(qǐng)寫(xiě)一封申請(qǐng)信。
范文
June 17th,2014
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am responding to your advertisement in China Daily on June 10th,2014,which invites applications for software engineers.Enclosed with this letter is my resume which details my background.
I believe that I am the best candidate for this position.In the first place,I have been studying computer science for four years in Peking University,one of the most prestigious universities in China,which has provided me with a desirable command of computer skills.In the second place,I have taken part in a number of social activities in the past years,which have helped cultivate my team spirit and creativity.Besides,I have attended computer programming training courses and have obtained related certificates.Last but not least,I have worked as a part?time computer programmer,so I am well prepared for this job.
I would treasure the chance and exert every effort to do a good job if I had the luck to be provided with the position.Besides,I shall be much obliged if you will afford me an opportunity for an interview,and I appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience.
Thank you for considering this application.
Best regards.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
譯文
2014年6月17日
尊敬的先生/女士:
我是看了2014年6月10日貴公司在《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》上招聘軟件工程師的廣告才給您寫(xiě)這封信的。隨信附上我的簡(jiǎn)歷,詳細(xì)列明我的背景。
我相信我是這個(gè)職位的最佳人選。首先,我在中國(guó)最負(fù)盛名的大學(xué)之一 ——北京大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了四年計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué),這使我很好地掌握了計(jì)算機(jī)技能。其次,在過(guò)去幾年中我參加了很多社會(huì)活動(dòng),這有助于培養(yǎng)我的團(tuán)隊(duì)精神和創(chuàng)造力。此外,我還參加了計(jì)算機(jī)編程培訓(xùn)課程,并獲得了相關(guān)證書(shū)。最后但同樣重要的是,我做過(guò)兼職計(jì)算機(jī)程序設(shè)計(jì)師,所以我對(duì)這份工作有充分的準(zhǔn)備。
如果我有幸能得到這個(gè)職位,我會(huì)珍惜這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì),盡一切努力做好我的工作。此外,如果您愿意給我提供面試的機(jī)會(huì),我將非常感激。感謝您在您方便時(shí)盡早回應(yīng)。
感謝您考慮我的申請(qǐng)。
最誠(chéng)摯的問(wèn)候。
此致
敬禮
李明
3.(2005年12月真題)
Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a company declining a job offer.You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:
1.對(duì)公司提供職位表示感謝。
2.解釋為何不能接受所提供的職位。
3.希望予以諒解,并表達(dá)對(duì)公司的良好祝愿。
范文
December 24,2005
Dear Sir/Madam,
I am responding to your job offer on December 20th,2005.I was informed that I would be offered the job as an interpreter for your company.I cordially appreciate your trust and I am much obliged to you for providing me with the chance.However,I am afraid that I cannot accept it.
I believe that I am not the best candidate for this position.In the first place,I have been studying computer for four years,which has not provided me with a desirable command of English skills,though I might have spoken English relatively fluently during the interview.In the second place,I have not taken part in many social activities in the past years,which means I am not very good at communication.Besides,I have not attended any training courses for interpretation or obtained any related certificates.Last but not least,I have never even worked as a part?time interpreter,so I am poorly prepared for this job.
Nonetheless,I want to express my sincere gratefulness again and I earnestly apologize for any inconvenience hereby caused.Finally,I hope you can find the ideal candidate as soon as possible.
Best regards.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
譯文
2005年12月24日
尊敬的先生/女士:
我是就貴公司在2005年12月20日給我提供的工作機(jī)會(huì)寫(xiě)這封信的。貴公司告知我我將得到口譯員的職位。我衷心感激貴公司的信任以及為我提供的這一機(jī)會(huì)。然而,我恐怕不能接受這一職位。
我認(rèn)為我不是這個(gè)職位的最佳人選。首先,盡管我在面試中英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)比較流利,但我四年來(lái)一直學(xué)的是計(jì)算機(jī),并未很好地掌握英語(yǔ)技能。其次,在過(guò)去幾年中我并未參加很多社會(huì)活動(dòng),這意味著我并不是特別擅長(zhǎng)交流。此外,我也未參加任何口譯培訓(xùn)課程或獲得任何相關(guān)證書(shū)。最后但同樣重要的是,我甚至連兼職口譯員都沒(méi)有做過(guò),所以我對(duì)這份工作并沒(méi)有準(zhǔn)備好。
然而,我想再次表達(dá)我真誠(chéng)的謝意,并且為由此引起的不便誠(chéng)懇地道歉。最后,我希望你們盡早找到理想的人選。
最真摯的問(wèn)候。
此致
敬禮
李明
(七)模板變臉
其實(shí),好的寫(xiě)法絕不止一種,我們也可以總結(jié)出書(shū)信作文的其他模板,如下面文章中畫(huà)線的部分:
June 17th,2014
To Whom It May Concern,
I am writing in response to your advertisement in China Daily on June 10th,2014,which recruits software engineers.Attached to this letter is my resume which expounds my background.
I believe that I am the best qualified for this position.First and foremost,I have been studying computer science for four years in Peking University,one of the most prestigious universities in China,which has provided me with an ideal mastery of computer skills.Secondly,I have participated in a number of social activities in the past years,which have helped develop my team spirit and creativity.Moreover,I have accepted professional training for programming and have been awarded related certificates.Last but not least,I have worked as a part?time computer programmer,so I am rather experienced for this job.
I will value the chance and spare no effort to perform well if I am lucky enough to be offered the position.Besides,I shall be much grateful if you will provide me with an opportunity for an interview,and I appreciate a reply from you at your earliest convenience.
Best regards.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
