雅思寫作是考生最頭疼也是最難取得高分的科目,盡管很多考生在考試前做了大量的練習(xí)和模擬訓(xùn)練,但寫作成績提高的幅度仍舊不明顯。常見的原因主要有訓(xùn)練不得法,教師指導(dǎo)質(zhì)量不高,語言技能弱等。根據(jù)筆者多年在寫作方面的教學(xué)經(jīng)驗,考生在寫作上常犯的錯誤大致總結(jié)為以下十個方面:
l 不一致(disagreements)
雅思寫作中的所謂不一致,不僅僅指主謂不一致,它還包括了數(shù)的不一致,時態(tài)不一致和代詞不一致等。
1. When one have money, he can do what he want to.
(一旦人有了錢,他就能想干什么就干什么)
分析:
One是第三人稱單數(shù),因而本句的have應(yīng)該改為has;同樣,want應(yīng)該改為wants。本句是典型的主謂不一致。
改為:Once one has money, he can do what he wants(to do).
l 修飾語錯位(misplaced modifiers)
英語與漢語不同,同一修飾語置于句子不同的位置,句子含義可能引起變化。對于這點很多考生沒有引起足夠的重視,因而造成不必要的誤解。比如:
1. I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.
分析:
Better位置不當(dāng),應(yīng)置于句末。
改為:I believe I can do it well and I will know the world outside the campus better.
l 句子不完整(sentence fragments)
在口語對話中,人們可以借助手勢,語氣,上下文等,使不完整的句子完全被理解??墒菚嬲Z就不同了,句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整會使得句子意思不清。而這種情況往往發(fā)生在主句寫完以后,考生又想加些補(bǔ)充說明時發(fā)生:
1.There are many ways to know the society. For example, by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.
分析:
本句后半部分“For example, by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.”不是一個完整的句子,僅為一些不連貫的詞語,不能成為一個句子。
改為:There are many ways to know the society, for example, by TV, radio, newspaper.
l 懸垂修飾語(dangling modifiers)
所謂懸垂修飾語是指句首的短語和后面的短語邏輯關(guān)系不清,如:
1. At the age of ten, my grandfather died.
分析:
這句話“At the age of ten”只指出10歲時,但并沒有指出誰10歲時,按照一般的推理不可能是“my grandfather”,如果我們把這個懸垂修飾語改明確點,句子就不會引起別人誤解了。
改為:When I was ten, my grandfather died.
2. To do well in college, good grades are essential.
分析:
句中不定式“To do well in college”邏輯主語不清。
改為:To do well in college, a student needs good grades.
l 詞性誤用(misuse of parts of speech)
詞性誤用通常表現(xiàn)為:介詞當(dāng)動詞用,形容詞當(dāng)副詞用,名詞當(dāng)動詞用等,如:
1. None can negative the importance of money.
分析:
Negative是形容詞,誤作動詞使用。
改為:None can deny the importance of money.
l 指代不清(ambiguous reference of pronouns)
指代不清主要指代詞與被指代的人或物關(guān)系不清,或者先后使用的代詞不一致,如:
1. Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to become her bridesmaid.
分析:
讀完上面這句話后,作者無法明確判斷兩位姑娘中誰將結(jié)婚,誰將當(dāng)伴娘。如果我們把易于引起誤解的代詞的所指對象明確,意思就一目了然了。
改為:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to become her bridesmaid.
2. We can also know the society by serving it yourself.
分析:
句中代詞we和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。
改為:We can also know the society by serving it ourselves.